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二连盆地含油断陷岩性油藏主要发育区带与成藏机制研究
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摘要
二连盆地为中生代小型断陷湖盆群,具有物源多而近、快速堆积和沉积相带变化快的沉积特点,有利于岩性油藏的形成。近年来,随着岩性油藏研究与勘探工作的不断深入,岩性油藏年度上交储量已经占到上交储量的70%以上。因此,深化开展二连盆地含油断凹岩性油藏形成条件、沉积砂体控制因素、岩性油藏形成机制与富集因素研究,对该盆地以及相类似盆地的岩性油藏油气勘探具有重要的理论与实践意义。
     论文依托大量的地质、三维地震、沉积储层和有机地球化学等基础资料,按照“沉积控砂体—圈闭控油藏—主元控富集”的研究思路,拟定了“不同区带(块)成藏对比、沉积砂体形成条件分析、岩性油藏成藏机制与富集主控因素研究”的研究技术路线。通过系统研究,主要取得以下认识:
     1、在对二连盆地5个含油断凹不同区带(块)成藏条件进行了详细对比,在此基础上,针对断凹内岩性油藏的发育特点,厘定了洼槽区的概念,界定了范围,包括传统构造单元划分中的陡坡带翼部、洼槽带、缓坡带中低部位;并指出洼槽区处于弱构造发育区,优质烃源岩发育、沉积储集砂体与烃源岩呈包裹或互层接触关系,为一个从源岩到岩性圈闭的完整成藏单元。
     2、对该盆地典型凹陷开展了沉积砂体形成条件研究,对不同区带的物源口、古沟谷和坡折带进行了分析,提出古地貌决定沉积体系分布、古沟谷决定沉积砂体运载路径、坡折带控制沉积砂体叠合关系,“物源—路径—坡折”三元共同控制沉积砂体的分布。将二连盆地坡折带划分为两类七种,沉积砂体的叠合方式受不同坡折带形态控制。
     3、在岩性油藏成藏条件分析的基础上,对12个已发现岩性油藏进行了剖析,从圈闭形成、油气运移成藏与保存条件等方面探讨了岩性油藏成藏机制。研究表明,洼槽区具有岩性圈闭时间形成早、油气以一次运移或短距离二次运移为主,油气充注—成藏早,岩性油藏后期保存条件好等有利的成藏机制,并建立了四种典型的岩性油藏成藏模式。
     4、综合以上沉积砂体分布、成藏机制研究等新认识,明确提出二连盆地断凹岩性油藏形成富集受“五因素”控制,分别是油气资源丰富的主洼槽区、源内或近源成藏组合关系、有利构造-岩相带、油气优势运移通道和一定规模的有利储集砂体。在具有多洼槽(区)的断凹,要开展五种因素的系统分析;在明确断凹主生油洼槽的基础上,重点开展后三种因素研究。
In Erlian basin, it is Mesozoic small fault lake basin group, where lithologic oil reservoirs are feasibly developed due to proximal and polyenic deposit, fast accumulation and quickly varied sedimentary facies belts. And in recent years, reserves of lithologic oil reservoirs have been over 70% of annually submitted reserves with the further study and exploration. Therefore, it is necessary to study lithologic accumulation conditions, sandbody control factors, reservoir forming mechanism and enrichment factors of the oil-bearing fault sags in Erlian basin, so as to and provide theoretical and practical basis for the exploration of lithologic oil reservoirs in Erlian basin and the similar fault sags.
     This paper makes sufficient use of logging , 3D seismic and sedimentary reservoirs and organic geochemical data. And according to the concept of sedimentation controlling sandbodies—traps controlling oil reservoirs—main factors controlling enrichment, this paper systematically compares hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in different zones (or blocks), analyzes forming conditions of sedimentary sandbodies, and studies reservoir forming mechanism of lithologic oil reservoirs and the dominant factors controlling oil reservoir enrichment. And the following understandings are consequently obtained.
     1. This paper conducts detail comparison on hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of 5 oil-bearing fault sags in different zones (blocks) in Erlian basin. And then it collates and stipulates the concept of trough area according to development features of the lithologic oil reservoirs in these fault sags. This paper also lineates the range of trough area, including the flank of steep slope belt, the trough zone and the middle and lower parts of gentle slope belt. The trough area is located at the development zone of weak structures, presenting developed source rocks and encircling or interlayering contact between reservoir sandbodies and source rocks. Obviously, it is an integrated reservoir forming unit.
     2. This paper studies the forming conditions of sedimentary sandbodies in the representative fault sags by means of sediment source, palaeoravine and slope breaking belt in different zones. And then it presents that distribution of sedimentary systems is controlled by palaegeomorphology, transportation pathway of sandbodies is controlled by palaeoravine and their superimposition relationship is controlled by slope breaking belt. It is indicated that the distribution of sandbodies are controlled by sediment source-pathway-slope breaking belt. The slope breaking belts in Erlian basin are classified into two categories, seven types. The superimposition relationship of sandbodies is controlled by the configuration of slope breaking belts.
     3. This paper systematically analyzes accumulation mechanism of 12 available lithologic oil reservoirs in terms of their trap formation and hydrocarbon migration, accumulation and preservation. The trough areas present favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation, including early formation of lithologic traps, primary migration or short-distance secondary migration, early charging-early accumulation and favorable preservation. And based on these, this paper establishes four typical lithologic accumulation models.
     4. It is indicated from above-mentioned analysis that the enrichment of lithologic oil reservoirs in fault sags in Erlian basin is controlled by the following five factors, including main trough area with abundant petroleum resource, internal or proximal combination, favorable structure-lithofacies belt, predominant migration pathway and favorable reservoir sandbodies. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the five factors of fault sags with multiple troughs (trough areas) and attention shall be paid on the latter three factors after enriched fault sags have been ascertained in the main oil-generating trough.
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