东营北带砂砾岩储层岩石物理特征研究
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摘要
本论文以岩石物理理论为指导、岩石实验为手段、实验数据统计与分析为方法,在充分借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,对东营北带东段地区砂砾岩储层进行了岩石物理特征研究,主要包括岩石物理实验设计及测试数据分析、正演模拟、储层物性及岩石弹性变化机理分析等方面的研究。
1、针对研究目的,进行了岩石物理实验设计。内容如下:①岩心取样。②物性参数实验,包括孔隙度、渗透率等测试。③岩石电性参数实验,主要测试岩石在含水100%时电阻率。④弹性参数实验,测试岩石在高温高压环境并且饱和不同流体状态下声波波速,并计算弹性模量。⑤岩性参数实验,包括X-衍射分析、铸体薄片分析。⑥孔隙结构参数实验,包括压汞、核磁实验。通过上述具体实验环节得到详细的实验数据,为后期岩石物理分析奠定了基础。
2、依据实验数据,对砂砾岩储层的岩石物理特征进行了深入研究。①进行了砂砾岩储层微观特征研究,根据实验数据(物性参数、岩性参数、孔隙结构)对储层进行了分类,发现储层以低孔隙度、低渗透率类型为主;对影响储层物性的主控因素进行了研究,发现压实和胶结作用是降低孔、渗的主控因素,溶解作用是改善储层物性的最主要的控制因素。②通过实验数据(物性参数、电性参数、声波波速)拟合了地区经验公式,包括孔隙度与密度、孔隙度与渗透率、孔隙度与波速、密度与波速、电阻率和波速等参数的关系式。按不同岩性拟合密度与波速的广义Gardner关系式(ρ=CVpAVsB),指导本地区横波速度预测、岩石物理正演模拟、AVO反演等方面有重要作用。③进行了岩石物理正演模拟,预测储层地震波速研究。依据实验数据确定不同岩性的Biot系数,代入孔隙度与弹性模量的关系式模型,可以预测流体饱和后的岩石弹性模量,进而预测岩石波速,预测数据与实验结果对比后发现效果较好。④研究了成岩作用及岩石结构对岩石弹性的影响,利用实验测试结果建立了储层岩石沉积学特征(成岩作用、岩石结构等)与地震弹性属性之间的定性或者定量关系。⑤分析了压力及流体对岩石弹性的影响特征,并进行了流体饱和后的敏感性分析,建立了流体敏感性因子。通过实验制定了敏感性因子的判别标准,研究表明大部分岩石在气-液状态下(干燥、液体饱和)具有明显的可区分性,岩石饱和水-饱和油总体上看区分不明显。
Based on the previous study, using rock physics theory as a guide, rock experiment as a means, experimental data statistics and analysis as methods, rock physical properties of glutenite reservoir on the east area of Dongying north actic region was further studied, which mainly include rock physical experiment designing, data analysis, forward modeling, researching about reservoir properties and elastic change of rock mechanism.
According to the research purposes, the rock physical experiments have been designed as follows:①Core sampling.②Physical parameters experiments, including porosity, permeability and density tests.③Rock electrical parameters experiment, mainly testing the resistivity on condition that rock is saturated 100% by water.④Elastic parameters experiments, testing acoustic wave velocity on condition that rock is imposed by high temperature and high pressure, saturated by different fluid. And next to calculate the elastic moduli.⑤Lithology parameter experiments, including X-diffraction and cast thin section analysis.⑥pore structure parameters experiments, including mercury penetration and NMR experiments. The detailed experimental data have been got through the above process, and which are foundation of rock physical analysis later.
According to the experiment data, the rock physical characteristics of glutenite reservoir have been researched further. First, the microscopic characteristics about glutenite reservoir which is classified according to experimental data (physical parameters, lithology parameters, pore structure) have been researched. We found that low porosity and low permeability is the main feature of it. The controlling factors affecting the reservoir properties have been studied. And we found that mechanical compaction and cementation are the main control factors reducing the porosity and permeability, dissolution improving the reservoir properties, respectively. Second, the regional empirical formula have been got through experiment data (physical parameters, electrical parameters, acoustic velocity), which includes porosity vs. density, porosity vs. permeability, porosity vs. velocity, density vs. velocity, resistivity vs. velocity, and other parameters relationship. Generalized Gardner formula (ρ=CVpAVsB) fitted by density and velocity relationship of different lithology has an important role to guide the region wave velocity prediction, rock physics forward simulation, AVO inversion etc. Third, this paper has a study on the rock physics forward modeling, seismic wave prediction of the reservoir. Biot’s coefficient of different lithology getted by experimental data is put into relationship of porosity and elastic moduli to predict the rock elastic moduli after the rock saturated by fluid and also rock wave velocity. The predicted data is consistent with the experimental results. Fourth, this paper has a study on deagenesis and rock structure on rock elastic effects. The qualitative or quantitative relationship has been built using the experimental results about sedimentary characteristics of rock reservoir (diagenesis, rock structure, etc.) and seismic elastic properties. The last, the influence of pressure and fluid to rock elastic characteristics is analysed. Sensitivity after rock saturated by fluid is also analysed and the fluid sensitivity factor is established. Research shows that most of rocks have an obvious distinction in the condition of gas-fluid state (dry or liquid saturated). The distinction of the two state is not obvious in general when rock is saturated by water or oil.
1、针对研究目的,进行了岩石物理实验设计。内容如下:①岩心取样。②物性参数实验,包括孔隙度、渗透率等测试。③岩石电性参数实验,主要测试岩石在含水100%时电阻率。④弹性参数实验,测试岩石在高温高压环境并且饱和不同流体状态下声波波速,并计算弹性模量。⑤岩性参数实验,包括X-衍射分析、铸体薄片分析。⑥孔隙结构参数实验,包括压汞、核磁实验。通过上述具体实验环节得到详细的实验数据,为后期岩石物理分析奠定了基础。
2、依据实验数据,对砂砾岩储层的岩石物理特征进行了深入研究。①进行了砂砾岩储层微观特征研究,根据实验数据(物性参数、岩性参数、孔隙结构)对储层进行了分类,发现储层以低孔隙度、低渗透率类型为主;对影响储层物性的主控因素进行了研究,发现压实和胶结作用是降低孔、渗的主控因素,溶解作用是改善储层物性的最主要的控制因素。②通过实验数据(物性参数、电性参数、声波波速)拟合了地区经验公式,包括孔隙度与密度、孔隙度与渗透率、孔隙度与波速、密度与波速、电阻率和波速等参数的关系式。按不同岩性拟合密度与波速的广义Gardner关系式(ρ=CVpAVsB),指导本地区横波速度预测、岩石物理正演模拟、AVO反演等方面有重要作用。③进行了岩石物理正演模拟,预测储层地震波速研究。依据实验数据确定不同岩性的Biot系数,代入孔隙度与弹性模量的关系式模型,可以预测流体饱和后的岩石弹性模量,进而预测岩石波速,预测数据与实验结果对比后发现效果较好。④研究了成岩作用及岩石结构对岩石弹性的影响,利用实验测试结果建立了储层岩石沉积学特征(成岩作用、岩石结构等)与地震弹性属性之间的定性或者定量关系。⑤分析了压力及流体对岩石弹性的影响特征,并进行了流体饱和后的敏感性分析,建立了流体敏感性因子。通过实验制定了敏感性因子的判别标准,研究表明大部分岩石在气-液状态下(干燥、液体饱和)具有明显的可区分性,岩石饱和水-饱和油总体上看区分不明显。
Based on the previous study, using rock physics theory as a guide, rock experiment as a means, experimental data statistics and analysis as methods, rock physical properties of glutenite reservoir on the east area of Dongying north actic region was further studied, which mainly include rock physical experiment designing, data analysis, forward modeling, researching about reservoir properties and elastic change of rock mechanism.
According to the research purposes, the rock physical experiments have been designed as follows:①Core sampling.②Physical parameters experiments, including porosity, permeability and density tests.③Rock electrical parameters experiment, mainly testing the resistivity on condition that rock is saturated 100% by water.④Elastic parameters experiments, testing acoustic wave velocity on condition that rock is imposed by high temperature and high pressure, saturated by different fluid. And next to calculate the elastic moduli.⑤Lithology parameter experiments, including X-diffraction and cast thin section analysis.⑥pore structure parameters experiments, including mercury penetration and NMR experiments. The detailed experimental data have been got through the above process, and which are foundation of rock physical analysis later.
According to the experiment data, the rock physical characteristics of glutenite reservoir have been researched further. First, the microscopic characteristics about glutenite reservoir which is classified according to experimental data (physical parameters, lithology parameters, pore structure) have been researched. We found that low porosity and low permeability is the main feature of it. The controlling factors affecting the reservoir properties have been studied. And we found that mechanical compaction and cementation are the main control factors reducing the porosity and permeability, dissolution improving the reservoir properties, respectively. Second, the regional empirical formula have been got through experiment data (physical parameters, electrical parameters, acoustic velocity), which includes porosity vs. density, porosity vs. permeability, porosity vs. velocity, density vs. velocity, resistivity vs. velocity, and other parameters relationship. Generalized Gardner formula (ρ=CVpAVsB) fitted by density and velocity relationship of different lithology has an important role to guide the region wave velocity prediction, rock physics forward simulation, AVO inversion etc. Third, this paper has a study on the rock physics forward modeling, seismic wave prediction of the reservoir. Biot’s coefficient of different lithology getted by experimental data is put into relationship of porosity and elastic moduli to predict the rock elastic moduli after the rock saturated by fluid and also rock wave velocity. The predicted data is consistent with the experimental results. Fourth, this paper has a study on deagenesis and rock structure on rock elastic effects. The qualitative or quantitative relationship has been built using the experimental results about sedimentary characteristics of rock reservoir (diagenesis, rock structure, etc.) and seismic elastic properties. The last, the influence of pressure and fluid to rock elastic characteristics is analysed. Sensitivity after rock saturated by fluid is also analysed and the fluid sensitivity factor is established. Research shows that most of rocks have an obvious distinction in the condition of gas-fluid state (dry or liquid saturated). The distinction of the two state is not obvious in general when rock is saturated by water or oil.
引文
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