套建增层预应力钢骨混凝土框架抗震性能试验与分析
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摘要
随着建筑业的发展,我国的房屋建设已经从“以新建为主”过渡到“新建与维修、加固、改造相结合”的阶段。在现阶段,改造的重要内容之一是既有房屋的增层改造。既有房屋增层改造又分为直接增层、室内增层、套建增层和地下掏建增层。包括哈工大在内的相关单位已开展既有房屋套建增层研究多年。本文在已有研究的基础上继续就既有房屋套建增层问题开展以下研究工作:
(1)针对施工过程中原房屋屋盖难以承担套建新增结构第一层楼盖流态混凝土自重及施工荷载这一问题,提出一种以内置H型钢预应力混凝土组合梁作为框架梁、以角钢混凝土柱作为框架柱的新型套建增层用框架结构。通过在H型钢下侧挂底模,并以底模为支撑设置侧模,可实现在施工过程中由钢梁承担楼盖流态混凝土及施工荷载,避免将其传递给原房屋屋盖,保证了原房屋的安全与正常使用。这种预应力钢骨混凝土框架还具有梁的内置H型钢及预应力束和喇叭管等方便从柱内置角钢间通过的优点。
(2)这种新型框架的框架梁为内置实腹型钢的构件,框架柱为内置空腹角钢骨架的构件,其整体抗震性能未见相关报道。为此,完成了两榀剪跨比为5、轴压比为0.1的单层单跨型钢混凝土梁-角钢混凝土柱框架模型在水平低周往复荷载作用下的试验,获取了第一手资料。两榀框架模型在水平峰值荷载下等效粘滞阻尼系数分别为0.2和0.19,高于普通预应力钢筋混凝土框架,与梁柱均为实腹式构件的型钢混凝土框架接近,表明这种新型框架具有良好的抗震性能。
(3)为全面获取这种新型框架的力学性能,采用有限单元法对单层单跨型钢混凝土梁-角钢混凝土柱框架进行参数分析,获得了各考察参数下框架的滞回性能,建立了单层单跨框架的荷载-位移恢复力模型,为结构的弹塑性动力分析提供参考。针对这种新型套建增层框架存在侧向刚度及质量沿房屋高度分布不均匀、在罕遇地震作用下抗倒塌能力缺乏研究等问题,对按相关规范和标准设计的,位于不同抗震设防区、不同场地类别、采用不同地震设计分组、具有不同底层层高和增层层数的套建增层预应力钢骨混凝土框架进行罕遇地震反应分析。获得了按现行标准的原则设计的套建增层框架在罕遇地震作用下的倒塌规律,并提出了防倒塌措施。
(4)套建增层可采用(预应力)钢筋混凝土框架、巨型框架及(预应力)钢骨混凝土框架等多种结构,为方便建设单位和设计者决策,编制了“套建增层框架抗震性能决策系统”。该决策系统目前可对套建增层用(预应力)钢骨混凝土框架、(预应力)钢筋混凝土框架和巨型框架进行配筋设计及罕遇地震作用下的时程分析。采用该决策系统,结合具体工程实例,给出了三种套建增层框架的配筋设计、弹塑性验算及性能评价。
With the development of building industry, the stage of housing construction in China has been transmitted from new constrction to combination of new constrction, maintenance, strengthening and reconstruction. At this stage, an important task of reconstruction is adding storyes around exiting buildings. The construction of adding storyes around existing buildings includes adding storyes directly, inside, by jacketing structures, and underground with digging method. Relevant departments including HIT have been carrying on adding storyes by jacketing structures for many years. On the basis of existing research, this paper conducts some research of adding storyes by jacketing structures as follows:
(1) In the construction of adding storyes around existing building, the roof of the existing building can not carry the fluid concrete weight of the first floor of the jacketing structure and construction load. Therefore, a new style of jacketing frame structure is proposed, making up of encased H-shape steel prestressed concrete composite beams and angle-steel concrete columns. By means of the method that the bottom formwork is hung to H-shape steel and the side formwork is installed on the bottom framework, the first floor fluid concrete weight of the jacketing structure and construction load can be carried by the steel beam. So, they can not be transferred to the roof of the existing building, and the safety and the normal use of the existing building are ensured. In addition, this composite beam has the advantage of making H shape-steel, prestressing tendons, and funnel-tube pass through the space of angle-steel in column conveniently.
(2) The seismic performance of this new style of frame structure, making up of beams with encased solid steel and the columns with encased open-web angle-steel, is rarely seen in the reports. So two single-storye and single-bay frame specimens of steel reinforced concrete beam and angel-steel concrete column with shear span ratio 3, axial compression ratio 0.1 are tested under horizontal low cyclic loading, and the fist hand results are acquired. Equivalent adhesive damper coefficient under ultimate load of two specimens are 0.2 and 0.19 respectively, which is higher than that of prestressed concrete frame, and closer to that of steel reinforced concrete frame with encased solid steel beams and columns. It indicates that this style of frame structure has good seismic performance.
(3) In order to achieve the mechanical performance of this new style of frame structure completely, parametric analysis is carried out on these single-storye and single-bay frames with steel reinforced concrete beam and angel-steel concrete column by finite element method, and hysteretic behavior of frames under different parameters is acquired. The hysteretic model for single-storye and single-bay frame is established, which provides reference for the elastic-plastic history analysis of structure. To the question of uneven distribution of lateral stiffness and mass along the vertical direction of building, and the lack of research on anti-collapse ability for jacketing structure, the jacketing prestressed steel reinforced concrete frames, which have different height of the ground floor and different numbers of the added stories, designed under different design earthquake group, situated in different type of venues, are analyzed with infrequent earthquake waves. The laws of collapse for jacketing frames designed according to current standards with infrequent earthquake waves are acquired, and some measures avoiding collapse are proposed.
(4) (Prestressed) reinforced concrete frame, huge frame, and (prestressed) steel reinforced concrete frame could be used in jacketing frames for adding storyes. In order to make decision conveniently for construction units and designers, the program“decision-making system of seismic performance for jacketing structures for adding storyes”is developed. It can be used to design and take time history analysis under infrequent earthquake for (prestressed) reinforced concrete frame, (prestressed) steel reinforced concrete frame and huge frame for adding storyes. By using this decision-making system around a specific project, reinforcement design, plastic-elastic checking and evaluation for three types of jacketing structure is given.
(1)针对施工过程中原房屋屋盖难以承担套建新增结构第一层楼盖流态混凝土自重及施工荷载这一问题,提出一种以内置H型钢预应力混凝土组合梁作为框架梁、以角钢混凝土柱作为框架柱的新型套建增层用框架结构。通过在H型钢下侧挂底模,并以底模为支撑设置侧模,可实现在施工过程中由钢梁承担楼盖流态混凝土及施工荷载,避免将其传递给原房屋屋盖,保证了原房屋的安全与正常使用。这种预应力钢骨混凝土框架还具有梁的内置H型钢及预应力束和喇叭管等方便从柱内置角钢间通过的优点。
(2)这种新型框架的框架梁为内置实腹型钢的构件,框架柱为内置空腹角钢骨架的构件,其整体抗震性能未见相关报道。为此,完成了两榀剪跨比为5、轴压比为0.1的单层单跨型钢混凝土梁-角钢混凝土柱框架模型在水平低周往复荷载作用下的试验,获取了第一手资料。两榀框架模型在水平峰值荷载下等效粘滞阻尼系数分别为0.2和0.19,高于普通预应力钢筋混凝土框架,与梁柱均为实腹式构件的型钢混凝土框架接近,表明这种新型框架具有良好的抗震性能。
(3)为全面获取这种新型框架的力学性能,采用有限单元法对单层单跨型钢混凝土梁-角钢混凝土柱框架进行参数分析,获得了各考察参数下框架的滞回性能,建立了单层单跨框架的荷载-位移恢复力模型,为结构的弹塑性动力分析提供参考。针对这种新型套建增层框架存在侧向刚度及质量沿房屋高度分布不均匀、在罕遇地震作用下抗倒塌能力缺乏研究等问题,对按相关规范和标准设计的,位于不同抗震设防区、不同场地类别、采用不同地震设计分组、具有不同底层层高和增层层数的套建增层预应力钢骨混凝土框架进行罕遇地震反应分析。获得了按现行标准的原则设计的套建增层框架在罕遇地震作用下的倒塌规律,并提出了防倒塌措施。
(4)套建增层可采用(预应力)钢筋混凝土框架、巨型框架及(预应力)钢骨混凝土框架等多种结构,为方便建设单位和设计者决策,编制了“套建增层框架抗震性能决策系统”。该决策系统目前可对套建增层用(预应力)钢骨混凝土框架、(预应力)钢筋混凝土框架和巨型框架进行配筋设计及罕遇地震作用下的时程分析。采用该决策系统,结合具体工程实例,给出了三种套建增层框架的配筋设计、弹塑性验算及性能评价。
With the development of building industry, the stage of housing construction in China has been transmitted from new constrction to combination of new constrction, maintenance, strengthening and reconstruction. At this stage, an important task of reconstruction is adding storyes around exiting buildings. The construction of adding storyes around existing buildings includes adding storyes directly, inside, by jacketing structures, and underground with digging method. Relevant departments including HIT have been carrying on adding storyes by jacketing structures for many years. On the basis of existing research, this paper conducts some research of adding storyes by jacketing structures as follows:
(1) In the construction of adding storyes around existing building, the roof of the existing building can not carry the fluid concrete weight of the first floor of the jacketing structure and construction load. Therefore, a new style of jacketing frame structure is proposed, making up of encased H-shape steel prestressed concrete composite beams and angle-steel concrete columns. By means of the method that the bottom formwork is hung to H-shape steel and the side formwork is installed on the bottom framework, the first floor fluid concrete weight of the jacketing structure and construction load can be carried by the steel beam. So, they can not be transferred to the roof of the existing building, and the safety and the normal use of the existing building are ensured. In addition, this composite beam has the advantage of making H shape-steel, prestressing tendons, and funnel-tube pass through the space of angle-steel in column conveniently.
(2) The seismic performance of this new style of frame structure, making up of beams with encased solid steel and the columns with encased open-web angle-steel, is rarely seen in the reports. So two single-storye and single-bay frame specimens of steel reinforced concrete beam and angel-steel concrete column with shear span ratio 3, axial compression ratio 0.1 are tested under horizontal low cyclic loading, and the fist hand results are acquired. Equivalent adhesive damper coefficient under ultimate load of two specimens are 0.2 and 0.19 respectively, which is higher than that of prestressed concrete frame, and closer to that of steel reinforced concrete frame with encased solid steel beams and columns. It indicates that this style of frame structure has good seismic performance.
(3) In order to achieve the mechanical performance of this new style of frame structure completely, parametric analysis is carried out on these single-storye and single-bay frames with steel reinforced concrete beam and angel-steel concrete column by finite element method, and hysteretic behavior of frames under different parameters is acquired. The hysteretic model for single-storye and single-bay frame is established, which provides reference for the elastic-plastic history analysis of structure. To the question of uneven distribution of lateral stiffness and mass along the vertical direction of building, and the lack of research on anti-collapse ability for jacketing structure, the jacketing prestressed steel reinforced concrete frames, which have different height of the ground floor and different numbers of the added stories, designed under different design earthquake group, situated in different type of venues, are analyzed with infrequent earthquake waves. The laws of collapse for jacketing frames designed according to current standards with infrequent earthquake waves are acquired, and some measures avoiding collapse are proposed.
(4) (Prestressed) reinforced concrete frame, huge frame, and (prestressed) steel reinforced concrete frame could be used in jacketing frames for adding storyes. In order to make decision conveniently for construction units and designers, the program“decision-making system of seismic performance for jacketing structures for adding storyes”is developed. It can be used to design and take time history analysis under infrequent earthquake for (prestressed) reinforced concrete frame, (prestressed) steel reinforced concrete frame and huge frame for adding storyes. By using this decision-making system around a specific project, reinforcement design, plastic-elastic checking and evaluation for three types of jacketing structure is given.
引文
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