潮水盆地侏罗纪煤炭资源赋存规律研究
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摘要
由于我国东部煤炭开采接替危机日益严重,西北侏罗纪煤炭资源作为我国后备能源,其勘探与开发已越来越受到相关部门重视。潮水盆地为我国西北阿拉善地块南缘一中生代陆相盆地,其早、中侏罗世青土井组和芨芨沟组赋存着丰富的煤炭资源。论文利用露头、钻井岩心、测井、地震等资料,综合应用沉积学、层序地层学、构造地质学、地震地质学等理论和方法对潮水盆地侏罗纪煤炭资源赋存规律研究。
识别出潮水盆地17条同沉积断裂、4个古隆起、2个水下凸起,将潮水盆地划分为4个隆起、6个坳陷(包括13个凸起和凹陷),重新进行了盆地构造分区,建立了含煤地层沉积期盆地构造格架。在野外露头剖面、钻孔岩心观察描述基础上,识别出含煤岩系6种岩相组合、16种岩相类型,研究区断陷盆地缓坡带主要发育冲积扇-辫状河-辫状河三角洲沉积体系,断陷盆地陡坡带主要发育扇三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,指出辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖为有利聚煤环境。潮水盆地侏罗纪煤系识别出6个层序界面,将侏罗纪煤系划分为2个二级层序、5个三级层序,建立了煤系层序地层格架。
应用优势相作图法分层序恢复了潮水盆地岩相古地理。煤系沉积期盆地呈近东西展布,沉积相南北分带,物源主要来自盆地北缘的北大山及南缘的龙首山、中央隆起和民勤隆起;早侏罗世(SⅢ1和SⅢ2)沉积期盆地沉降中心位于西部平山湖地区,主要发育辫状河三角洲古地理单元,红沙岗和红柳园早侏罗世零星分布,主要发育冲积扇-辫状河古地理单元;中侏罗世潮水盆地发生大规模湖侵作用,同时盆地沉降中心向东迁移,二级层序湖侵体系域(SⅢ3、SⅢ4)沉积期主要发育辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖古地理单元是主要聚煤环境、高位体系域(SⅢ5)以半深湖古地理单元为主,聚煤作用减弱至终止。综合研究区沉积环境、层序地层、古地理、地球物理及煤层的展布特征等研究成果,提出了陆相断陷盆地聚煤模式。
通过盆地沉降-埋藏史、平衡剖面分析,恢复了潮水盆地聚煤期及其以后构造演化史:第一阶段发生在中侏罗纪,煤层被快速埋藏,煤变质作用经历了由浅入深的渐进过程;第二阶段发生在燕山期的晚侏罗世,煤层被抬升遭到剥蚀,受岩浆岩区域热变质影响程度较小;第三阶段发生在新生代,煤层再次被埋藏,但埋藏深部较浅,没有造成煤变质程度加大。
通过沉积、构造等综合分析,提出潮水盆地煤炭资源勘探有利靶区。
Considering the replaced coal mining crisis increasingly series in East China, the exploration and development of reserved Jurassic coal resources in Northwest China are more and more counted by the relative government administration. Forming in Mesozoic Era, nonmarine Chaoshui basin stored productive coal resources in Qingtujing formation and Jijigou formation growing in Early and Middle Jurassic. On basis of outcropping rock, drill samples, logs and seismic data, this dissertation integrates sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, tectonic geology and seismic geology to study the reservation regularity of Jurassic coal resources in Chaoshui basin.
The researcher recognized 17 synsedimentary faultings,4 palaeohighs and 2 underwater bulges, divided the Chaoshui basin with 4 uplift zones and 6 depressions(including 13 bulges and sags), rebuilded the basin’s tectonic subregion and constructed structural framework of the basin during the coal-bearing strata depositional stage. On the study of outcropping rock and observation of drill sample, researcher identified 6 lithofacies configurations and 16 lithofacies forms of the coal-bearing strata, proved Alluvial Fan-Braid River- Braid River Delta sedimentary system developed on the gentle slope of the faulted basin, and Fan Delta-Lacustrine sedimentary system developed on the steep slope of the faulted basin in the region of interest, made the conclusion that braid river delta and offshore sedimentation is profitable coal-forming environment. The study showed there were 6 sequence boundary in the Jurassic coal-bearing strata which can be divided into 2 2nd-order sequences, 5 3rd-order sequences, and constructed the sequence framework of coal-bearing strata.
Application of dominant facies mapping recovered the lithofacies paleography according to the sequences in Chaoshui basin. During the coal-bearing strata depositional stage, Chaoshui basin developed latitudinally and sedimentary facies varied longitudinally. The provenances mainly were the Beida Mountain lying in the north of the basin, the Longshou Mountain lying in the south of the basin, the central uplift zone and the Minqin uplift zone. In Early Jurassic(SIII1&SIII2), center of subsidence located in the western Pingshan Lake area where developed the braid river paleogeographical unit, formation grew sporadically in Hongshagang and Hongliuyuan areas where developed the Alluvial-Braid River paleogeographical unit; In Middle Jurassic, a extensive transgression occurred, while the center of subsidence migrated to the east, where braid river delta and offshore paleogeographical units which were the main coal-forming environments developed in 2-nd order sequence transgressive system tract depositional stage(SIII3,SIII4);euprofundal paleogeographical unit formed in highcast system tract depositional stage(SIII5), coal-forming effect drooped and vanished in the end. Synthetically analyzing the sedimentary environment, sequence stratigraphy, paleogeography, geophysics and through-going characteristics of coal-bearing strata helped the researcher to summary the coal-forming model of the nonmarine faulted basin.
Analyzing the basin’s subsidence-burial history and balanced cross section assisted to recover the history of structural evolution in and after the coal-forming depositional stages: the first stage occurred in Jurassic, coal-bearing strata was buried quickly, coal’s metamorphism advanced gradually, the second stage occurred in Late Jurassic, coal-bearing strata was uplifted and denuded, and rarely effected by regional heat metamorphism of magmatic rocks; the third stage occurred in Cenozoic Era, coal-bearing strata was buried again, but the burial elevation was shallow and coal’s metamorphism was not enhanced. On basis of study above, the areas of coal resources of profitability is proposed in Chaoshui basin.
识别出潮水盆地17条同沉积断裂、4个古隆起、2个水下凸起,将潮水盆地划分为4个隆起、6个坳陷(包括13个凸起和凹陷),重新进行了盆地构造分区,建立了含煤地层沉积期盆地构造格架。在野外露头剖面、钻孔岩心观察描述基础上,识别出含煤岩系6种岩相组合、16种岩相类型,研究区断陷盆地缓坡带主要发育冲积扇-辫状河-辫状河三角洲沉积体系,断陷盆地陡坡带主要发育扇三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,指出辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖为有利聚煤环境。潮水盆地侏罗纪煤系识别出6个层序界面,将侏罗纪煤系划分为2个二级层序、5个三级层序,建立了煤系层序地层格架。
应用优势相作图法分层序恢复了潮水盆地岩相古地理。煤系沉积期盆地呈近东西展布,沉积相南北分带,物源主要来自盆地北缘的北大山及南缘的龙首山、中央隆起和民勤隆起;早侏罗世(SⅢ1和SⅢ2)沉积期盆地沉降中心位于西部平山湖地区,主要发育辫状河三角洲古地理单元,红沙岗和红柳园早侏罗世零星分布,主要发育冲积扇-辫状河古地理单元;中侏罗世潮水盆地发生大规模湖侵作用,同时盆地沉降中心向东迁移,二级层序湖侵体系域(SⅢ3、SⅢ4)沉积期主要发育辫状河三角洲和滨浅湖古地理单元是主要聚煤环境、高位体系域(SⅢ5)以半深湖古地理单元为主,聚煤作用减弱至终止。综合研究区沉积环境、层序地层、古地理、地球物理及煤层的展布特征等研究成果,提出了陆相断陷盆地聚煤模式。
通过盆地沉降-埋藏史、平衡剖面分析,恢复了潮水盆地聚煤期及其以后构造演化史:第一阶段发生在中侏罗纪,煤层被快速埋藏,煤变质作用经历了由浅入深的渐进过程;第二阶段发生在燕山期的晚侏罗世,煤层被抬升遭到剥蚀,受岩浆岩区域热变质影响程度较小;第三阶段发生在新生代,煤层再次被埋藏,但埋藏深部较浅,没有造成煤变质程度加大。
通过沉积、构造等综合分析,提出潮水盆地煤炭资源勘探有利靶区。
Considering the replaced coal mining crisis increasingly series in East China, the exploration and development of reserved Jurassic coal resources in Northwest China are more and more counted by the relative government administration. Forming in Mesozoic Era, nonmarine Chaoshui basin stored productive coal resources in Qingtujing formation and Jijigou formation growing in Early and Middle Jurassic. On basis of outcropping rock, drill samples, logs and seismic data, this dissertation integrates sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, tectonic geology and seismic geology to study the reservation regularity of Jurassic coal resources in Chaoshui basin.
The researcher recognized 17 synsedimentary faultings,4 palaeohighs and 2 underwater bulges, divided the Chaoshui basin with 4 uplift zones and 6 depressions(including 13 bulges and sags), rebuilded the basin’s tectonic subregion and constructed structural framework of the basin during the coal-bearing strata depositional stage. On the study of outcropping rock and observation of drill sample, researcher identified 6 lithofacies configurations and 16 lithofacies forms of the coal-bearing strata, proved Alluvial Fan-Braid River- Braid River Delta sedimentary system developed on the gentle slope of the faulted basin, and Fan Delta-Lacustrine sedimentary system developed on the steep slope of the faulted basin in the region of interest, made the conclusion that braid river delta and offshore sedimentation is profitable coal-forming environment. The study showed there were 6 sequence boundary in the Jurassic coal-bearing strata which can be divided into 2 2nd-order sequences, 5 3rd-order sequences, and constructed the sequence framework of coal-bearing strata.
Application of dominant facies mapping recovered the lithofacies paleography according to the sequences in Chaoshui basin. During the coal-bearing strata depositional stage, Chaoshui basin developed latitudinally and sedimentary facies varied longitudinally. The provenances mainly were the Beida Mountain lying in the north of the basin, the Longshou Mountain lying in the south of the basin, the central uplift zone and the Minqin uplift zone. In Early Jurassic(SIII1&SIII2), center of subsidence located in the western Pingshan Lake area where developed the braid river paleogeographical unit, formation grew sporadically in Hongshagang and Hongliuyuan areas where developed the Alluvial-Braid River paleogeographical unit; In Middle Jurassic, a extensive transgression occurred, while the center of subsidence migrated to the east, where braid river delta and offshore paleogeographical units which were the main coal-forming environments developed in 2-nd order sequence transgressive system tract depositional stage(SIII3,SIII4);euprofundal paleogeographical unit formed in highcast system tract depositional stage(SIII5), coal-forming effect drooped and vanished in the end. Synthetically analyzing the sedimentary environment, sequence stratigraphy, paleogeography, geophysics and through-going characteristics of coal-bearing strata helped the researcher to summary the coal-forming model of the nonmarine faulted basin.
Analyzing the basin’s subsidence-burial history and balanced cross section assisted to recover the history of structural evolution in and after the coal-forming depositional stages: the first stage occurred in Jurassic, coal-bearing strata was buried quickly, coal’s metamorphism advanced gradually, the second stage occurred in Late Jurassic, coal-bearing strata was uplifted and denuded, and rarely effected by regional heat metamorphism of magmatic rocks; the third stage occurred in Cenozoic Era, coal-bearing strata was buried again, but the burial elevation was shallow and coal’s metamorphism was not enhanced. On basis of study above, the areas of coal resources of profitability is proposed in Chaoshui basin.
引文
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