四川盆地中二叠统层序地层及沉积模式
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摘要
本论文采用了层序地层学及沉积模式研究相结合的研究思路。通过深入研究四川盆地中二叠统层序地层特征,沉积相特征、岩相古地理特征及沉积模式,预测了中二叠统储层发育的有利区带。
首先,通过对长江沟中二叠统剖面的露头实测,识别出中二叠统内部发育的不整合面及岩相转换面,将中二叠统划分为3个三级层序。其中,层序PSQ1包括梁山组和栖霞组,梁山组底部发育明显的不整合面,故为Ⅰ型层序;层序PSQ2和PSQ3属于茅口组内部层序,两个三级层序底部皆发育岩相转换面,故皆为Ⅱ型层序。
其次,在前人研究成果的基础之上,从岩石成分、沉积构造、测井响应和地震剖面特征、垂向沉积序列等方面分析,详细总结了四川盆地中二叠统各类沉积相标志特征。四川盆地中二叠统主要发育的浅缓坡、外缓坡、内缓坡等3种沉积相类型。在此基础上,编制了四川盆地中二叠世岩相古地理图,进而建立了中二叠统沉积模式。
第三,在层序PSQ1格架之下,通过对自然伽玛测井曲线数据及自然伽玛能谱测井曲线数据采用不同的数据处理方式开展一维频谱分析,对比二者一维频谱在识别米兰科维奇旋回特征方面的差异,提出了一种优选高频层序分析所需测井曲线的方法。
第四,通过对当前高频层序地层学研究理论及技术归纳总结,提出了一套研究高频层序地层学的合理方案。即以一维频谱分析的结果为约束,开展数字滤波处理及二维频谱分析。勘探实践成果表明,高频层序界面可能遭受短期暴露溶蚀作用而形成的层间古岩溶,也可能出现在海侵体系域中。
最后,通过分析中二叠统地层的沉积演化过程及缓坡碳酸盐岩层序沉积体系特征,预测了油气储层有利的发育区。其中,泸州古隆起带茅口组顶部古风化壳储层最为重要;其次是古隆起周缘围斜部位可能发育的顺层古岩溶储层;再次是川东地区潜在的裂缝性储层;最后是在浅缓坡及台内滩等高能相带区高频层序界面潜在发育的层间岩溶储层。
This study is carried to better understand the favorable reservoir zones in Middle Permian, Sichuan Basin. The principles of Sequence Stratigraphy and Sedimentology are introduced to this study. Also sequence stratigraphic framework, sedimentary facies characteristics, lithofacies palaeogeography characteristics and sedimentary models are studied.
Firstly, an unconformity and a lithofacies shift surface were identified within Middle Permian by outcrop measurement of the Yangtze River, and divided the Middle Permian into three 3-order sequence stratigraphy units. The PSQ1 is composed of Liangshan Formation and Qixia Formation. While The PSQ2 and PSQ3 form Maokou Formation.
Secondly, the sedimentary facies characteristics of Middle Permian in Sichuan Basin is concluded by the reference to previous studies, analysis of rock components, tectonic setting, logging characteristics, seismic profiles and vertical sedimentary sequences. Therefore, three major sedimentary facies are identified in study area: middle ramp, external ramp and open internal ramp. And then the map of lithofacies palaeogeography can be drawn and sedimentary model of Middle Permian in Sichuan Basin can be built.
Thirdly, under the restraint of the PSQ1 framework, natural gamma logging data and natural gamma spectrometry logging data are further analyzed by using different data processing for one-dimensional spectrums analysis. Comparing their different effects on identification of Milankovitch Cycles, a more effective logging method are proposed to divide high-frequency sequence more accurately.
Fourthly, a reasonable program theory and technology for analysis of high-frequency sequence stratigraphy are concluded. The theory and technology are based on the analysis of the one-dimensional spectrums, digital filtering processing and Two-dimensional spectrum analysis. Exploration practice results indicate that the high-frequency sequence stratigraphy boundary might be subjected to short-term exposure and experienced dissolution and finally formed paleokarst among interlayer. This high-frequency sequence stratigraphy boundary can also exist in Transgressive Systems Tract.
Finally, the favorable reservoir zone can be predicated by the analysis of the sedimentary facies evolution process and carbonate depositional system in gentle slope. And the reservoir can be divided into four levels. Ancient weathering crust formed on the top of Maokou Formation in Luzhou uplift is the most important favorable reservoir. And the paleokarst reservoir developed along the layer in the margin of Luzhou ancient uplift is the secondly favorable reservoir. Fractured reservoirs developed in eastern Sichuan are the third favorable reservoir. Finally, Karst reservoirs developed among interlayer which are formed under short-term exposure and dissolution are the fourth favorable reservoir.
首先,通过对长江沟中二叠统剖面的露头实测,识别出中二叠统内部发育的不整合面及岩相转换面,将中二叠统划分为3个三级层序。其中,层序PSQ1包括梁山组和栖霞组,梁山组底部发育明显的不整合面,故为Ⅰ型层序;层序PSQ2和PSQ3属于茅口组内部层序,两个三级层序底部皆发育岩相转换面,故皆为Ⅱ型层序。
其次,在前人研究成果的基础之上,从岩石成分、沉积构造、测井响应和地震剖面特征、垂向沉积序列等方面分析,详细总结了四川盆地中二叠统各类沉积相标志特征。四川盆地中二叠统主要发育的浅缓坡、外缓坡、内缓坡等3种沉积相类型。在此基础上,编制了四川盆地中二叠世岩相古地理图,进而建立了中二叠统沉积模式。
第三,在层序PSQ1格架之下,通过对自然伽玛测井曲线数据及自然伽玛能谱测井曲线数据采用不同的数据处理方式开展一维频谱分析,对比二者一维频谱在识别米兰科维奇旋回特征方面的差异,提出了一种优选高频层序分析所需测井曲线的方法。
第四,通过对当前高频层序地层学研究理论及技术归纳总结,提出了一套研究高频层序地层学的合理方案。即以一维频谱分析的结果为约束,开展数字滤波处理及二维频谱分析。勘探实践成果表明,高频层序界面可能遭受短期暴露溶蚀作用而形成的层间古岩溶,也可能出现在海侵体系域中。
最后,通过分析中二叠统地层的沉积演化过程及缓坡碳酸盐岩层序沉积体系特征,预测了油气储层有利的发育区。其中,泸州古隆起带茅口组顶部古风化壳储层最为重要;其次是古隆起周缘围斜部位可能发育的顺层古岩溶储层;再次是川东地区潜在的裂缝性储层;最后是在浅缓坡及台内滩等高能相带区高频层序界面潜在发育的层间岩溶储层。
This study is carried to better understand the favorable reservoir zones in Middle Permian, Sichuan Basin. The principles of Sequence Stratigraphy and Sedimentology are introduced to this study. Also sequence stratigraphic framework, sedimentary facies characteristics, lithofacies palaeogeography characteristics and sedimentary models are studied.
Firstly, an unconformity and a lithofacies shift surface were identified within Middle Permian by outcrop measurement of the Yangtze River, and divided the Middle Permian into three 3-order sequence stratigraphy units. The PSQ1 is composed of Liangshan Formation and Qixia Formation. While The PSQ2 and PSQ3 form Maokou Formation.
Secondly, the sedimentary facies characteristics of Middle Permian in Sichuan Basin is concluded by the reference to previous studies, analysis of rock components, tectonic setting, logging characteristics, seismic profiles and vertical sedimentary sequences. Therefore, three major sedimentary facies are identified in study area: middle ramp, external ramp and open internal ramp. And then the map of lithofacies palaeogeography can be drawn and sedimentary model of Middle Permian in Sichuan Basin can be built.
Thirdly, under the restraint of the PSQ1 framework, natural gamma logging data and natural gamma spectrometry logging data are further analyzed by using different data processing for one-dimensional spectrums analysis. Comparing their different effects on identification of Milankovitch Cycles, a more effective logging method are proposed to divide high-frequency sequence more accurately.
Fourthly, a reasonable program theory and technology for analysis of high-frequency sequence stratigraphy are concluded. The theory and technology are based on the analysis of the one-dimensional spectrums, digital filtering processing and Two-dimensional spectrum analysis. Exploration practice results indicate that the high-frequency sequence stratigraphy boundary might be subjected to short-term exposure and experienced dissolution and finally formed paleokarst among interlayer. This high-frequency sequence stratigraphy boundary can also exist in Transgressive Systems Tract.
Finally, the favorable reservoir zone can be predicated by the analysis of the sedimentary facies evolution process and carbonate depositional system in gentle slope. And the reservoir can be divided into four levels. Ancient weathering crust formed on the top of Maokou Formation in Luzhou uplift is the most important favorable reservoir. And the paleokarst reservoir developed along the layer in the margin of Luzhou ancient uplift is the secondly favorable reservoir. Fractured reservoirs developed in eastern Sichuan are the third favorable reservoir. Finally, Karst reservoirs developed among interlayer which are formed under short-term exposure and dissolution are the fourth favorable reservoir.
引文
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