广西南丹大厂锡矿长坡—高峰矿床（山）数字化与综合信息成矿预测
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摘要
本博士论文“广西南丹大厂锡矿长坡-高峰矿床(山)数字化与综合信息成矿预测”是结合国土资源部下达的2005年度危机矿山接替资源勘查项目,即“广西南丹铜坑锡矿接替资源勘查”项目(项目编码200545022)的科研需要而选题。
改革开放以来,随着经济的飞速发展,我国对矿产资源的需求与日俱增,而目前我们国家各主要矿种的资源保证程度相当低,矿产资源的形势非常严峻,严重威胁着国家的经济安全和社会稳定。为了改变这种形势,我们必须依赖于科技进步,积极探索新的、更有效的现代成矿预测理论与高新技术有机结合的矿产资源预测体系,整体提升我国矿产资源勘查评价水平和科学预测能力,寻找和发现新的矿产资源品种和类型,增加矿产资源的储备,为我国经济安全、高效、持续发展提供资源保证。
本博士论文结合课题的研究需要,瞄准我国矿业和地质勘探行业发展的前沿,从近期在铜坑成矿区火山岩—次火山岩的重要发现入手,研究分析火山岩—次火山岩的地质特征。其次,在鉴于国内外矿山数字化信息系统软件现状分析的基础上,取长补短,通过深化改造自行开发的“矿床数学-经济模型”软件包,同时以国内外软件Surpac, Micrmine和Mapgis为辅助,作为长坡—高峰矿床(山)数字化信息系统的软件平台,建立长坡—高峰矿区的矿山数字化信息系统,建立三维数字地学模型,通过模型综合分析研究,提出三维异常地段。第三,在成矿理论的指导下,对矿区控矿因素与成矿信息进行空间分析研究,建立综合信息找矿模型,开展综合信息成矿预测研究。
在对前人研究成果的充分借鉴和吸收的前提下,我们开展了广泛的野外及井下地质调查和室内的综合研究工作,主要包括矿床的宏观和微观地质特征研究,典型矿床的解剖,地球化学特征和矿床类型的厘定及成因模式的探讨,矿山数字化信息系统研究,矿床地物化遥多源地学信息特征的分析和综合信息找矿模型的研究、控矿因素和找矿标志分析、基于GIS空间分析的综合信息成矿预测研究,及矿床(山)数字化的靶区优选等,通过上述研究主要得到以下成果：
1、通过铜坑矿区火山岩—次火山岩及其与成矿关系的初步研究,取得矿床成因理论上的新认识。研究表明：在长坡—高峰矿区,除了存在传统的燕山晚期花岗岩成矿作用外,至少还存在海西早期海底基性火山—喷流沉积成矿作用和海底沉积—喷流成矿作用,取得了该区成矿理论上的突破。
2、通过区域成矿地学背景和矿床地质特征研究,认为本区的成矿物质具有多来源性,提供物源的地质体主要有前寒武系的古老基底、寒武纪、泥盆纪地层、基性火山岩和燕山晚期构造岩浆热液等。长坡—高峰锡多金属矿床的成矿作用经历了多期次多阶段,为“多因复成”矿床。
3、运用系统论的观点,详尽地研究了长坡—高峰矿区的大地构造演化,矿体产出位置和形态产状、矿物组合及矿石组构、控矿规律,及成矿作用、成矿时代和矿床成因模式。指出在长坡—高峰矿区进行火山喷流沉积矿床成矿理论的研究,不仅可以取得矿床成因理论上的突破,而且对于指导矿山的找矿勘探具有明显的现实意义。这一结论已得到了生产勘探实践的证实。
4、根据矿区地层、岩浆岩和矿床的宏观和微观资料的综合分析研究,认为长坡—高峰矿区成矿与南北向同构造岩浆带(东岩墙)演化关系密切。“东岩墙”在泥盆纪是南北向的同生断裂带,控制了泥盆纪基性火山作用和喷流沉积成矿作用。整个矿区成矿与南北向同构造岩浆带的海底火山—沉积热水沉积成矿作用、喷流—热水沉积和后期构造岩浆叠加改造有关的热液成矿作用有密切关系,具有成岩成矿多阶段,形成矿种多的特点。这从而为综合信息成矿模型的建立提供了理论依据。
5、通过矿床(山)数字化研究,对长坡—高峰矿区矿体、地形、地层、构造、岩浆岩、钻孔原生晕和探采工程等信息进行全方位立体建模,建立三维数字地学信息模型。通过模型的三维综合空间分析研究,提出三个三维异常地段,为综合信息找矿靶区优选提供依据。
6、通过分析长坡—高峰矿区成矿地质背景入手,在火山喷流沉积成矿理论认识的指导下,对各种控矿因素(基底、地层、岩浆岩和构造)与成矿信息(矿床、矿点、矿化点、物探异常、化探异常和遥感地质)在空间分布上的相关关系进行研究,并用控矿因素对各种成矿信息在空间分布上的控制规律,确定各种控矿因素与成矿作用的密切程度,建立综合信息矿产资源找矿模型,提出了找矿靶区10个。
7、通过数字化三维异常地段与综合信息找矿靶区空间分析,结合已有探矿工程见矿信息,优选出找矿靶区3个。分别是：长坡南-巴里-高峰深部靶区(Ⅰ-3)、长坡区大厂断裂下盘一带深部叠瓦状构造带靶区(Ⅰ-2)和V号盲矿体以北及东岩墙以东靶区(Ⅱ-2)。它们将为矿山扩建及下一步的地质找矿和资源评价工作提供依据。
The doctoral dissertation, The Digital Mine and Comprehensive Information Minerogenetic Prognosis of Dachang Changpo-Gaofeng Area, is based on the scientific research requirements for the project, The Resources Exploration in Tongkeng Tin Deposit of Guangxi Nadan(Serial number:200545022), a sub-project of The Resources Exploration of The Crisis Mine in 2005 sponsored the Ministry of Land and Resources, P.R.C.
With the rapid economic development since the reform and opening up in China, We are demanding for increasing mineral resources. But at present our country's major mineral resources to guarantee is in a very low level, which is very serious. Mineral resources serious throated to the country's economic security and social stability. In order to change this situation, we must rely on scientific and technological progress, and actively explore new, more effective modern metallogenic prediction theory and high-tech combination of mineral resources, projections system and enhancing the overall level of exploration and evaluation of mineral resources, and scientific prediction capabilities, search for and discovery of new varieties and types of mineral resources to increase the reserves of mineral resources for China's economic security, efficient and provide resources to ensure sustainable development.
In the paper, connecting with the thesis research, targeting China's forefront mining and geological exploration development, we research and analysis of geological features based on the recent lava-sub lava discovery in Tongkeng deposit. Secondly, in view of domestic and international mining digital information system software, based on the own development "mathematical deposits-Economic Model" package, Surpac, Micrmine and Mapgis, we have created a Digital Mine Information System for the comprehensive information miner genetic prognosis and achieved three-dimensional digital geo-information model which gave anomaly bodies. Thirdly, under the guidance of the metallogenic theory, we established the information prospecting model, that can launch a comprehensive information metallogenic prediction by spatial analysis between mining geological characteristics and metallogenic information.
In previous research results and to draw on the full context, we have carried out extensive field and mine geological survey and comprehensive study of indoor work, mainly including deposits geological characteristics of macro and micro studies, the typical anatomy of deposits, geochemical the determination of characteristics and deposit types and causes of patterns to explore mining of digital information systems research, DEPOSIT Physical characteristics of multi-source geo-information analysis and synthesis of information prospecting model studies, ore-controlling factors and prospecting criteria analysis, GIS-based spatial Analysis of integrated information metallogenic prediction, based on the digital deposit ore deposit deep edge prediction and so on, through the above-mentioned study is mainly supported by the following results:
1.In Tongkeng area, we investigated through lava-sub lava and mineralization in the preliminary study of the relationship to obtain a new theoretical understanding of deposit mode of origin. Research shows that:In Changpo -Gaofeng diggings, in addition there is the traditional late Yanshan granite mineralization, the existence of at least the early Hercynian mafic submarine volcanic and sedimentary-exhalative mineralization and submarine exhalative hot water-the role of sedimentary mineralization and made a theoretical breakthrough in the area mineralization.
2. Through the regional geological background and metallogenic geological characteristics of mining deposits that the district into a multi-source minerals, provide the source material of geological bodies are mainly the ancient pre-Cambrian basement, Cambrian, Devonian Department of carbonate rocks, basalt and mafic magmatic hydrothermal structures such as the late Yanshan. Changpo -Gaofeng diggings of the tin-polymetallic ore deposits in the role of experienced multi-stage multi-period, in order to "polygenetic" deposit.
3. The use of system theory point of view, a detailed study of Changpo -Gaofeng diggings geotectonic evolution, occurrence condition and morphologic occurrence, mineral association, ore texture, metallotect, mineralization, metallogenetic epoch and deposit mode of origin. Pointed out that Changpo -Gaofeng diggings mining for volcanic exhalative sedimentary deposit, theoretical research, not only can obtain a theoretical breakthrough in ore genesis, but also for guiding the exploration of deposits of mines has obvious practical significance. This conclusion has been confirmed by the production of exploration.
4. According to the study area strata, rocks and deposits of a comprehensive macro and micro data analysis and research that Changpo-Gaofeng diggings and North-South Summit to the synkinematic magmatic belt (east rock wall) evolution closely. In Devonian east rock wall was north-south contemporaneous fault, which controlled the devonian basic volcanic rock metallogenic mineralization and spout-sedimentary metallogenic mineralization.The ore-forming and North-South as a whole to the synkinematic magmatic belt of submarine volcanic-sedimentary hydrothermal sedimentary mineralization, jet stream-hot water deposition and post-structural transformation of magma-related hydrothermal superimposed mineralization is closely related with the rock-forming multi-stage, characterized by the formation of minerals and more. This is thus the establishment of integrated information metallogenic model provides a theoretical basis.
5. By the digital mine study on Changpo -Gaofeng diggings mining geological characteristics (topography, stratigraphy, structure, igneous rock, drilling of the original halo and exploration and developing engineering) for full three-dimensional modeling, to achieve three-dimensional digital geo-information model. According to space geology analysis, it gave three anomaly bodies, which can optimize the comprehensive information targets.
6. Based on volcanogenic sedimentary hypothesis in Changpo-Gaofeng diggings metalloginic geology, I compared in space between controlling ore factors (basement, strata, magmatic rock and structure) and metallogenic information (deposit, ore spot, mineralized spot, geophysical prospecting, geochemical exploration and remote sensing).I confirmed the affinity and found the comprehensive information prospecting model between controlling ore factors and metallogenic information by space analysis, which gave 10 targets.
7. According to information correspondence analysis between three-dimensional target bodies and comprehensive information prospecting model, we gived 3 optimized prospecting targets combined with information of Mine Exploration Project. The south of Changpo-Bali-Deep Gaofeng target (Ⅰ-3), The Dachang fracture footwall of Changpo in deep Imbricate belt (Ⅰ-2)and The north of number V underground ore body and east of "east rock wall" target (Ⅱ-2),they provide a guarantee for the mine expansion and evaluation of geological prospecting.
改革开放以来,随着经济的飞速发展,我国对矿产资源的需求与日俱增,而目前我们国家各主要矿种的资源保证程度相当低,矿产资源的形势非常严峻,严重威胁着国家的经济安全和社会稳定。为了改变这种形势,我们必须依赖于科技进步,积极探索新的、更有效的现代成矿预测理论与高新技术有机结合的矿产资源预测体系,整体提升我国矿产资源勘查评价水平和科学预测能力,寻找和发现新的矿产资源品种和类型,增加矿产资源的储备,为我国经济安全、高效、持续发展提供资源保证。
本博士论文结合课题的研究需要,瞄准我国矿业和地质勘探行业发展的前沿,从近期在铜坑成矿区火山岩—次火山岩的重要发现入手,研究分析火山岩—次火山岩的地质特征。其次,在鉴于国内外矿山数字化信息系统软件现状分析的基础上,取长补短,通过深化改造自行开发的“矿床数学-经济模型”软件包,同时以国内外软件Surpac, Micrmine和Mapgis为辅助,作为长坡—高峰矿床(山)数字化信息系统的软件平台,建立长坡—高峰矿区的矿山数字化信息系统,建立三维数字地学模型,通过模型综合分析研究,提出三维异常地段。第三,在成矿理论的指导下,对矿区控矿因素与成矿信息进行空间分析研究,建立综合信息找矿模型,开展综合信息成矿预测研究。
在对前人研究成果的充分借鉴和吸收的前提下,我们开展了广泛的野外及井下地质调查和室内的综合研究工作,主要包括矿床的宏观和微观地质特征研究,典型矿床的解剖,地球化学特征和矿床类型的厘定及成因模式的探讨,矿山数字化信息系统研究,矿床地物化遥多源地学信息特征的分析和综合信息找矿模型的研究、控矿因素和找矿标志分析、基于GIS空间分析的综合信息成矿预测研究,及矿床(山)数字化的靶区优选等,通过上述研究主要得到以下成果：
1、通过铜坑矿区火山岩—次火山岩及其与成矿关系的初步研究,取得矿床成因理论上的新认识。研究表明：在长坡—高峰矿区,除了存在传统的燕山晚期花岗岩成矿作用外,至少还存在海西早期海底基性火山—喷流沉积成矿作用和海底沉积—喷流成矿作用,取得了该区成矿理论上的突破。
2、通过区域成矿地学背景和矿床地质特征研究,认为本区的成矿物质具有多来源性,提供物源的地质体主要有前寒武系的古老基底、寒武纪、泥盆纪地层、基性火山岩和燕山晚期构造岩浆热液等。长坡—高峰锡多金属矿床的成矿作用经历了多期次多阶段,为“多因复成”矿床。
3、运用系统论的观点,详尽地研究了长坡—高峰矿区的大地构造演化,矿体产出位置和形态产状、矿物组合及矿石组构、控矿规律,及成矿作用、成矿时代和矿床成因模式。指出在长坡—高峰矿区进行火山喷流沉积矿床成矿理论的研究,不仅可以取得矿床成因理论上的突破,而且对于指导矿山的找矿勘探具有明显的现实意义。这一结论已得到了生产勘探实践的证实。
4、根据矿区地层、岩浆岩和矿床的宏观和微观资料的综合分析研究,认为长坡—高峰矿区成矿与南北向同构造岩浆带(东岩墙)演化关系密切。“东岩墙”在泥盆纪是南北向的同生断裂带,控制了泥盆纪基性火山作用和喷流沉积成矿作用。整个矿区成矿与南北向同构造岩浆带的海底火山—沉积热水沉积成矿作用、喷流—热水沉积和后期构造岩浆叠加改造有关的热液成矿作用有密切关系,具有成岩成矿多阶段,形成矿种多的特点。这从而为综合信息成矿模型的建立提供了理论依据。
5、通过矿床(山)数字化研究,对长坡—高峰矿区矿体、地形、地层、构造、岩浆岩、钻孔原生晕和探采工程等信息进行全方位立体建模,建立三维数字地学信息模型。通过模型的三维综合空间分析研究,提出三个三维异常地段,为综合信息找矿靶区优选提供依据。
6、通过分析长坡—高峰矿区成矿地质背景入手,在火山喷流沉积成矿理论认识的指导下,对各种控矿因素(基底、地层、岩浆岩和构造)与成矿信息(矿床、矿点、矿化点、物探异常、化探异常和遥感地质)在空间分布上的相关关系进行研究,并用控矿因素对各种成矿信息在空间分布上的控制规律,确定各种控矿因素与成矿作用的密切程度,建立综合信息矿产资源找矿模型,提出了找矿靶区10个。
7、通过数字化三维异常地段与综合信息找矿靶区空间分析,结合已有探矿工程见矿信息,优选出找矿靶区3个。分别是：长坡南-巴里-高峰深部靶区(Ⅰ-3)、长坡区大厂断裂下盘一带深部叠瓦状构造带靶区(Ⅰ-2)和V号盲矿体以北及东岩墙以东靶区(Ⅱ-2)。它们将为矿山扩建及下一步的地质找矿和资源评价工作提供依据。
The doctoral dissertation, The Digital Mine and Comprehensive Information Minerogenetic Prognosis of Dachang Changpo-Gaofeng Area, is based on the scientific research requirements for the project, The Resources Exploration in Tongkeng Tin Deposit of Guangxi Nadan(Serial number:200545022), a sub-project of The Resources Exploration of The Crisis Mine in 2005 sponsored the Ministry of Land and Resources, P.R.C.
With the rapid economic development since the reform and opening up in China, We are demanding for increasing mineral resources. But at present our country's major mineral resources to guarantee is in a very low level, which is very serious. Mineral resources serious throated to the country's economic security and social stability. In order to change this situation, we must rely on scientific and technological progress, and actively explore new, more effective modern metallogenic prediction theory and high-tech combination of mineral resources, projections system and enhancing the overall level of exploration and evaluation of mineral resources, and scientific prediction capabilities, search for and discovery of new varieties and types of mineral resources to increase the reserves of mineral resources for China's economic security, efficient and provide resources to ensure sustainable development.
In the paper, connecting with the thesis research, targeting China's forefront mining and geological exploration development, we research and analysis of geological features based on the recent lava-sub lava discovery in Tongkeng deposit. Secondly, in view of domestic and international mining digital information system software, based on the own development "mathematical deposits-Economic Model" package, Surpac, Micrmine and Mapgis, we have created a Digital Mine Information System for the comprehensive information miner genetic prognosis and achieved three-dimensional digital geo-information model which gave anomaly bodies. Thirdly, under the guidance of the metallogenic theory, we established the information prospecting model, that can launch a comprehensive information metallogenic prediction by spatial analysis between mining geological characteristics and metallogenic information.
In previous research results and to draw on the full context, we have carried out extensive field and mine geological survey and comprehensive study of indoor work, mainly including deposits geological characteristics of macro and micro studies, the typical anatomy of deposits, geochemical the determination of characteristics and deposit types and causes of patterns to explore mining of digital information systems research, DEPOSIT Physical characteristics of multi-source geo-information analysis and synthesis of information prospecting model studies, ore-controlling factors and prospecting criteria analysis, GIS-based spatial Analysis of integrated information metallogenic prediction, based on the digital deposit ore deposit deep edge prediction and so on, through the above-mentioned study is mainly supported by the following results:
1.In Tongkeng area, we investigated through lava-sub lava and mineralization in the preliminary study of the relationship to obtain a new theoretical understanding of deposit mode of origin. Research shows that:In Changpo -Gaofeng diggings, in addition there is the traditional late Yanshan granite mineralization, the existence of at least the early Hercynian mafic submarine volcanic and sedimentary-exhalative mineralization and submarine exhalative hot water-the role of sedimentary mineralization and made a theoretical breakthrough in the area mineralization.
2. Through the regional geological background and metallogenic geological characteristics of mining deposits that the district into a multi-source minerals, provide the source material of geological bodies are mainly the ancient pre-Cambrian basement, Cambrian, Devonian Department of carbonate rocks, basalt and mafic magmatic hydrothermal structures such as the late Yanshan. Changpo -Gaofeng diggings of the tin-polymetallic ore deposits in the role of experienced multi-stage multi-period, in order to "polygenetic" deposit.
3. The use of system theory point of view, a detailed study of Changpo -Gaofeng diggings geotectonic evolution, occurrence condition and morphologic occurrence, mineral association, ore texture, metallotect, mineralization, metallogenetic epoch and deposit mode of origin. Pointed out that Changpo -Gaofeng diggings mining for volcanic exhalative sedimentary deposit, theoretical research, not only can obtain a theoretical breakthrough in ore genesis, but also for guiding the exploration of deposits of mines has obvious practical significance. This conclusion has been confirmed by the production of exploration.
4. According to the study area strata, rocks and deposits of a comprehensive macro and micro data analysis and research that Changpo-Gaofeng diggings and North-South Summit to the synkinematic magmatic belt (east rock wall) evolution closely. In Devonian east rock wall was north-south contemporaneous fault, which controlled the devonian basic volcanic rock metallogenic mineralization and spout-sedimentary metallogenic mineralization.The ore-forming and North-South as a whole to the synkinematic magmatic belt of submarine volcanic-sedimentary hydrothermal sedimentary mineralization, jet stream-hot water deposition and post-structural transformation of magma-related hydrothermal superimposed mineralization is closely related with the rock-forming multi-stage, characterized by the formation of minerals and more. This is thus the establishment of integrated information metallogenic model provides a theoretical basis.
5. By the digital mine study on Changpo -Gaofeng diggings mining geological characteristics (topography, stratigraphy, structure, igneous rock, drilling of the original halo and exploration and developing engineering) for full three-dimensional modeling, to achieve three-dimensional digital geo-information model. According to space geology analysis, it gave three anomaly bodies, which can optimize the comprehensive information targets.
6. Based on volcanogenic sedimentary hypothesis in Changpo-Gaofeng diggings metalloginic geology, I compared in space between controlling ore factors (basement, strata, magmatic rock and structure) and metallogenic information (deposit, ore spot, mineralized spot, geophysical prospecting, geochemical exploration and remote sensing).I confirmed the affinity and found the comprehensive information prospecting model between controlling ore factors and metallogenic information by space analysis, which gave 10 targets.
7. According to information correspondence analysis between three-dimensional target bodies and comprehensive information prospecting model, we gived 3 optimized prospecting targets combined with information of Mine Exploration Project. The south of Changpo-Bali-Deep Gaofeng target (Ⅰ-3), The Dachang fracture footwall of Changpo in deep Imbricate belt (Ⅰ-2)and The north of number V underground ore body and east of "east rock wall" target (Ⅱ-2),they provide a guarantee for the mine expansion and evaluation of geological prospecting.
引文
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