面向流域的城市化水文效应研究
|
摘要
全球城市化的加速发展对城市水系以及所在流域的自然水文循环造成严重的干扰、破坏,由此引发的淡水资源短缺、洪涝灾害频繁、水体污染、河道断流、湿地萎缩、荒漠化扩展、地下水超采、海水入侵、水土流失以及河流生态系统破坏等问题往往综合并发,城市化水文效应已经成为全球气候与环境变化领域研究的前沿和热点问题之一。
目前城市化水文效应的理论和案例研究多数是就城市论城市,从城市本身的角度来解决问题。以供水工程、水环境净化工程、防洪排涝工程三大工程的为核心的城市水文效应的应对策略并没有从根本上解决城市化导致的水问题,而是将问题向流域其他地方甚至其它流域转移。基于城市单点尺度对城市化水文效应研究的不足和缺陷,本文提出从流域尺度研究城市化水文效应的思路,关注城市化对流域自然水循环基本功能的干扰和破坏状况。面向流域的城市化水文效应研究以统筹流域“点-线-面”不同尺度之间、降水在“径流-蒸发-存储-下渗”各环节之间分配比例、上游与下游之间、社会用水与生态环境需水之间的相互关系为基础,通过城市发展的水资源与水环境约束,服务于流域科学的城市化和城镇体系发展规划,服务于城市化进程中流域水文循环的补偿和修复。
基于流域自然水循环和社会水循环的相互作用过程,深化了流域健康水循环的内涵。流域健康水循环反映的是人类对于流域水系结构和功能发挥的认可程度,应该同时拥有理想的社会功能和自然功能。流域水循环健康的标志应该是:在流域水系自然功能和社会功能均衡发挥情况下,流域水系具有持续的流动性、良好的水质和良好的水生态系统。其健康状态的评判指标包括水文特征参数、河网结构、水文区位指数、水质等。
基于对城市化特征及流域水系功能的认识,构建了城市化与流域自然水循环耦合的“压力—状态—反应”概念模型。将与流域自然水循环相耦合的城市化过程分解为城市人口、经济规模扩张,城市给排水系统扩张,城市空间扩张及城市数量增长,城市之间的相互关系等四个方面。进而分别构建各要素与流域自然水循环相互耦合的概念模型。提出干旱指数、城市化水平、经济发展阶段、土地利用强度、建设用地比例、水文有序性、水资源开发利用率、河段的水文区位指数、水质、植被覆盖等10个具有通用性的面向流域的城市化水文效应评判指标,采用分级评价的方法对各指标进行赋值,并构建综合评价的数学表达式。城市化进程中流域水循环健康状态指数值<0.2时,流域水循环为极端病态,0.2～0.4为病态,0.4～0.6为亚健康状态,0.6～0.8为健康状态,0.8～1为很健康。
以沂沭泗流域为例,从城市节点、子流域、流域整体三个尺度分析了不同城市化阶段的城市化水文效应,估算了不同城市化水平下的流域水循环健康状态指数。分析表明:在城市节点尺度上,城市化水文效应集中表现为水资源紧张、水污染和城市洪涝灾害。而在流域尺度上,城市化水文效应更突出于对流域自然水循环基本水文和生态功能的破坏和干扰。从城市化的初级阶段、加速发展的起步阶段到加速发展的中期阶段,反映城市化水文效应的流域水循环综合健康指数值处于下降趋势。针对不同尺度、不同城市化阶段城市化水文效应的特点和程度,提出了面向流域水循环补偿和修复的城市化水文效应整治策略。
With the accelerative development of global urbanization, urban river system and natural hydrological cycle have been disturbed and destroyed. These disturbances and destruction result in a series of water eco- environment problems, such as fresh water shortage, flooding disaster frequency, water pollution, river discontinuous flow, wetlands decrease, desertification expansion, groundwater overexploitation, seawater intrusion, water loss and soil erosion, river ecosystem destroyed, etc. The hydrological effects of urbanization have been one of the leading edge and hot issue in the global climate and environment change fields.
Now, researches on the theory and cases studies on hydrological effects of urbanization are mainly conducted from viewpoint of the urban itself. The problem-solving strategies on hydrological effects of urbanization focus on engineering methods which involves the water supply, water purification, flood and waterlog controlling engineering. However, these engineering measures could not really resolve the water problems produced by urbanization, only transformed the urban water problems to the other regions of the basin or other basins. Have recognized of the defects of present research perspective, author of this dissertation proposes a new research idea on hydrological effects of urbanization at basin scale, whose focus is put on the disturbed natural hydrological cycle during urbanization in a basin. In the study on basin-oriented hydrological effects of urbanization many different kinds of relationships should comprehensively be consider, including research scales from nodes to lines to areas, the distributed proportion of precipitation among the“runoff-evaporation-storage-infiltration”, between the upper and the lower reaches, between the society water requirement and ecological water requirement, etc. Study results could be used for establishment of scientific urbanization model and urban system planning at a basin scale, and for the rehabilitation and eco- compensation to natural hydrological cycle during urbanization.
Based on an analysis of the interaction processes between natural and social hydrological cycle, the dissertation deepens the concept of healthy hydrological cycle. The healthy hydrological cycle reflects human recognition degree to the structure and function of the river system. Both the social and natural functions of a river system should be ensured at the same time. Sustaining fluidity of a river system, well water quality and water ecosystem are the main signs of a healthy hydrological cycle. The evaluation indexes of healthy hydrological cycle include hydrological characteristic parameters, river system structure, hydrological location index and water quality etc.
Based on the characters of urbanization and the function of river system, this dissertation puts forward the pressured-state–response coupling mechanism model between urbanization and natural hydrological cycle. The urbanization process relevant to the natural hydrological cycle could been understood from 4 aspects, namely the amount of urban population and economy increasing, urban water supply-drainage system expanding, urban space expanding and city number increasing, the interaction of the cities. Then, a concept model for the coupling mechanism and its evaluation index between natural hydrological cycle and every aspect of urbanization is discussed. The evaluation index system includes 10 common indicators as following: drought index, urbanization level, stage of economic deployment, land-use intensity, proportion of construction land, hydrology orderliness, proportion of water resources development and utilization, hydrological location index, water quality, damage degree of vegetation cover. Using the grade assessment method assign to each index, a mathematical expression for synthetically evaluation of the healthy state of hydrological cycle during urbanization can be obtained. Research results illustrate that the hydrological cycle is extreme diseased, if the exponential valuation is below 0.2; while diseased, if the exponential valuation ranges from 0.2 to 0.4, sub-healthy, if the exponential valuation ranges from 0.4 to 0.6, healthy, if the exponential valuation ranges from 0.6 to 0.8, very healthy, if the exponential valuation ranges from 0.8 to1.
Taking YiShuSi basin as the study region, this dissertation deals with the hydrological effects of urbanization in this region at different scale: urban node, sub-basin, whole basin, analyzes the damaged natural hydrological cycle, and evaluates the healthy hydrological cycle index in different urbanization stages. The results show that the main hydrological effects of urbanization express as the water scarcity, water quality and flooding disaster at urban node scale, however, at basin scale, hydrological effects of urbanization more manifest as disturbance and damage to the basis hydrological cycle and ecological function of natural hydrological cycle. From the primary urbanization stage to start-up of accelerative urbanization stage, then to the middle of accelerative urbanization stage, the healthy hydrological cycle index during urbanization trends to decline. In connection with the characteristics and disturbance degree at different scale and different urbanization level, different management strategies of urbanization hydrological effect are put forward in this dissertation based on the eco-compensation and rehabilitation of hydrological cycle.
目前城市化水文效应的理论和案例研究多数是就城市论城市,从城市本身的角度来解决问题。以供水工程、水环境净化工程、防洪排涝工程三大工程的为核心的城市水文效应的应对策略并没有从根本上解决城市化导致的水问题,而是将问题向流域其他地方甚至其它流域转移。基于城市单点尺度对城市化水文效应研究的不足和缺陷,本文提出从流域尺度研究城市化水文效应的思路,关注城市化对流域自然水循环基本功能的干扰和破坏状况。面向流域的城市化水文效应研究以统筹流域“点-线-面”不同尺度之间、降水在“径流-蒸发-存储-下渗”各环节之间分配比例、上游与下游之间、社会用水与生态环境需水之间的相互关系为基础,通过城市发展的水资源与水环境约束,服务于流域科学的城市化和城镇体系发展规划,服务于城市化进程中流域水文循环的补偿和修复。
基于流域自然水循环和社会水循环的相互作用过程,深化了流域健康水循环的内涵。流域健康水循环反映的是人类对于流域水系结构和功能发挥的认可程度,应该同时拥有理想的社会功能和自然功能。流域水循环健康的标志应该是:在流域水系自然功能和社会功能均衡发挥情况下,流域水系具有持续的流动性、良好的水质和良好的水生态系统。其健康状态的评判指标包括水文特征参数、河网结构、水文区位指数、水质等。
基于对城市化特征及流域水系功能的认识,构建了城市化与流域自然水循环耦合的“压力—状态—反应”概念模型。将与流域自然水循环相耦合的城市化过程分解为城市人口、经济规模扩张,城市给排水系统扩张,城市空间扩张及城市数量增长,城市之间的相互关系等四个方面。进而分别构建各要素与流域自然水循环相互耦合的概念模型。提出干旱指数、城市化水平、经济发展阶段、土地利用强度、建设用地比例、水文有序性、水资源开发利用率、河段的水文区位指数、水质、植被覆盖等10个具有通用性的面向流域的城市化水文效应评判指标,采用分级评价的方法对各指标进行赋值,并构建综合评价的数学表达式。城市化进程中流域水循环健康状态指数值<0.2时,流域水循环为极端病态,0.2～0.4为病态,0.4～0.6为亚健康状态,0.6～0.8为健康状态,0.8～1为很健康。
以沂沭泗流域为例,从城市节点、子流域、流域整体三个尺度分析了不同城市化阶段的城市化水文效应,估算了不同城市化水平下的流域水循环健康状态指数。分析表明:在城市节点尺度上,城市化水文效应集中表现为水资源紧张、水污染和城市洪涝灾害。而在流域尺度上,城市化水文效应更突出于对流域自然水循环基本水文和生态功能的破坏和干扰。从城市化的初级阶段、加速发展的起步阶段到加速发展的中期阶段,反映城市化水文效应的流域水循环综合健康指数值处于下降趋势。针对不同尺度、不同城市化阶段城市化水文效应的特点和程度,提出了面向流域水循环补偿和修复的城市化水文效应整治策略。
With the accelerative development of global urbanization, urban river system and natural hydrological cycle have been disturbed and destroyed. These disturbances and destruction result in a series of water eco- environment problems, such as fresh water shortage, flooding disaster frequency, water pollution, river discontinuous flow, wetlands decrease, desertification expansion, groundwater overexploitation, seawater intrusion, water loss and soil erosion, river ecosystem destroyed, etc. The hydrological effects of urbanization have been one of the leading edge and hot issue in the global climate and environment change fields.
Now, researches on the theory and cases studies on hydrological effects of urbanization are mainly conducted from viewpoint of the urban itself. The problem-solving strategies on hydrological effects of urbanization focus on engineering methods which involves the water supply, water purification, flood and waterlog controlling engineering. However, these engineering measures could not really resolve the water problems produced by urbanization, only transformed the urban water problems to the other regions of the basin or other basins. Have recognized of the defects of present research perspective, author of this dissertation proposes a new research idea on hydrological effects of urbanization at basin scale, whose focus is put on the disturbed natural hydrological cycle during urbanization in a basin. In the study on basin-oriented hydrological effects of urbanization many different kinds of relationships should comprehensively be consider, including research scales from nodes to lines to areas, the distributed proportion of precipitation among the“runoff-evaporation-storage-infiltration”, between the upper and the lower reaches, between the society water requirement and ecological water requirement, etc. Study results could be used for establishment of scientific urbanization model and urban system planning at a basin scale, and for the rehabilitation and eco- compensation to natural hydrological cycle during urbanization.
Based on an analysis of the interaction processes between natural and social hydrological cycle, the dissertation deepens the concept of healthy hydrological cycle. The healthy hydrological cycle reflects human recognition degree to the structure and function of the river system. Both the social and natural functions of a river system should be ensured at the same time. Sustaining fluidity of a river system, well water quality and water ecosystem are the main signs of a healthy hydrological cycle. The evaluation indexes of healthy hydrological cycle include hydrological characteristic parameters, river system structure, hydrological location index and water quality etc.
Based on the characters of urbanization and the function of river system, this dissertation puts forward the pressured-state–response coupling mechanism model between urbanization and natural hydrological cycle. The urbanization process relevant to the natural hydrological cycle could been understood from 4 aspects, namely the amount of urban population and economy increasing, urban water supply-drainage system expanding, urban space expanding and city number increasing, the interaction of the cities. Then, a concept model for the coupling mechanism and its evaluation index between natural hydrological cycle and every aspect of urbanization is discussed. The evaluation index system includes 10 common indicators as following: drought index, urbanization level, stage of economic deployment, land-use intensity, proportion of construction land, hydrology orderliness, proportion of water resources development and utilization, hydrological location index, water quality, damage degree of vegetation cover. Using the grade assessment method assign to each index, a mathematical expression for synthetically evaluation of the healthy state of hydrological cycle during urbanization can be obtained. Research results illustrate that the hydrological cycle is extreme diseased, if the exponential valuation is below 0.2; while diseased, if the exponential valuation ranges from 0.2 to 0.4, sub-healthy, if the exponential valuation ranges from 0.4 to 0.6, healthy, if the exponential valuation ranges from 0.6 to 0.8, very healthy, if the exponential valuation ranges from 0.8 to1.
Taking YiShuSi basin as the study region, this dissertation deals with the hydrological effects of urbanization in this region at different scale: urban node, sub-basin, whole basin, analyzes the damaged natural hydrological cycle, and evaluates the healthy hydrological cycle index in different urbanization stages. The results show that the main hydrological effects of urbanization express as the water scarcity, water quality and flooding disaster at urban node scale, however, at basin scale, hydrological effects of urbanization more manifest as disturbance and damage to the basis hydrological cycle and ecological function of natural hydrological cycle. From the primary urbanization stage to start-up of accelerative urbanization stage, then to the middle of accelerative urbanization stage, the healthy hydrological cycle index during urbanization trends to decline. In connection with the characteristics and disturbance degree at different scale and different urbanization level, different management strategies of urbanization hydrological effect are put forward in this dissertation based on the eco-compensation and rehabilitation of hydrological cycle.
引文
[1] UNDESA.WorldUrbanizationProspects-The2007revision,http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp,2008.
[2]俞孔坚.回到土地,生活读书新知[M].北京:三联书店,2009.
[3]吴良镛.国际建协,北京宪章——建筑学的未来[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[4]邱四维,信海光.中国未来20年的深刻变革:3亿农民非农化之路. http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2005-11/22/content_3817605.htm.
[5] Hall. M.J. Urban Hydrology[M]. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London and New York, 1984:1-13.
[6]周乃晟,贺宝根等编译.城市水文学概论[M].上海:华东师大出版社,1995.
[7] UNESCO.Hydrological effects of urbanization[R].Studies and Reports in Hydrology, Paris, France, 1974:13-37.
[8]李丽娟,李九一.土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应研究进展[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(2):211-232
[9]罗春玲,桂林城市化水文效应分析[J].人民珠江,2005(1):59-62.
[10] Cottingham P. et al.(eds): Urbanization impacts on stream ecology - from syndrome to cure? [R] .Outcomes of workshops held at the Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia, 8th - 10th December 2003:2-6.
[11]张杰,李冬.人类社会用水健康宣言[J].给水排水,2008,5:129-135.
[12]谭海樵,薛丽芳等.基于水文区位指数的城市雨水管理初探[C].中国地理学会自然地理专业委员会编:“自然地理与生态建设”.北京:气象出版社,2006.
[13](日)中野尊正.城市生态学[M].孟德政,刘得新译.北京:科学出版社,1986.
[14]李秀彬.全球环境变化研究的核心领域——土地利用/土地覆被变化的国际研究动向[J].地理学报,1996:51(6):553-539
[15]李秀彬.土地覆被变化的水文水资源效应研究——社会需求与科学问题[C].中国地理学会自然地理专业委员会编《土地覆被变化及其环境效应》,星球地图出版社,2002.
[16]夏军,谈戈.全球变化与水文科学新的进展与挑战[J].资源科学,2002,24(3):1-7
[17]夏军.华北地区水循环与水资源安全[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(6):517-526
[18]刘昌明.地理水文学的研究进展与21世纪展望[J].地理学报,1994(49)(增刊):517-526
[19] Calder I R. Hydrologic effects of land use change[C].In: Maident D R. Handbook of Hydrology .McGraw– Hill, New York ,1993
[20] Z.Tang,B.A.Engel,B.C.pijancwski,K.J.Lim. Forecasting land use change and its environmental impact at a watershed scale[J].Journal of Environment Management, 76(2005):35-45.
[21]邓慧平.气候与土地利用变化对水文水资源的影响研究[J].地球科学进展,2001:16,34,36-441.
[22] Daniel Niehoff , Uta Fritsch, Axel Bronstert. Land-use impacts on storm-runoff generation: scenarios of land-use change and simulation of hydrological response in a meso-scale catchment in SW-Germany[J].Journal of Hydrolog y, 267(2002):80–93.
[23] Jens Kristian LCrup, Jens Christian Refsgaard, Assessing the effect of land use change on catchment runoff by combined use of statistical tests and hydrological modelling: Casestudies fromZimbabwe[J],.Journal of Hydrology, 205 (1998): 47-163.
[24] N. Fohrer, S. Haverkamp, K. Eckhardt and H. G. Frede. Hydrologic Response to Land Use Changes on the Catchment Scale[J]. Phys. Chem. Earth (B),26(2001): 577-582.
[25] Y.B. Liu, F. De Smedt, L. Hoffmannb and L. Pfister.Assessing land use impacts on flood processes in complex terrain by using GIS and odeling approach[J]. Environmental Modeling and Assessment ,9(2004): 227–235 .
[26] B.F.W. Croke, W.S. Merritt, A.J. Jakeman.A dynamic model for predicting hydrologic response to land cover changes in gauged and ungauged catchments[J]. Journal of Hydrology ,291 (2004) :115–131.
[27] J.C. Bathurs, J. Ewen, G. Parkin, P.E. O’Connell, J.D. Cooper.Validation of catchment models for predicting land-use and climate change impacts[J]. Journal of Hydrology ,287 (2004) :74–94.
[28] G. Parkin, G. O’Donnell, J. Ewena, J.C. Bathursta,.Validation of catchment models for predicting land-use and climate change impacts: Case study for a editerranean catchment[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 175 (1996) :595-613.
[29] Ian R. Calder, Robin L. Hall, Heidi G. Bastablea. The impact of land use change on water resources in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study of Lake Malawi[J]. Journal of Hydrology ,170 (1995): 123-135.
[30] L. Siriwardenaa, B.L. Finlayson, T.A. McMaho. The impact of land use change on catchment hydrology in large catchments: The Comet River, Central Queensland, Australia[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 326 (2006):199–214.
[31] Toby N. Carlson, S. Traci Arthur.The impact of land use—land cover changes due to urbanization on surface microclimate and hydrology: a satellite perspective[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 25(2000):49–65.
[32] T. Lasanta,J.M. Garc′?a-Ruiz . Runoff and sediment yield in a semi-arid environment: the effect of land management after farmland abandonment[J]. Catena, 38(2000):265–278.
[33] DeFries R,K N Eshleman.Land-use change and hydrologic processes:a major focus for the future[J]. Hydrological Processes,2004(18):2183-2186.
[34]李昌峰,高俊峰,曹慧.土地利用变化对水资源影响研究的现状和趋势[J].土壤,2002(4):191～205.
[35]邓慧平,李秀彬,陈军锋,等.流域土地覆被变化水文效应的模拟——以长江上游源头区梭磨河为例[J].地理学报,2003,25(1):53～62.
[36]温灼如.都市水文学——水文学新的分支学科[C]J.水文研究报告学选编第1集,水利电力部南京水文研究所,1982.
[37] LEOPOLD L B. Hydrology for Urban Land Planning: A Guidebook on the Hydrologic Effects of Urban Land Use. U.S.Geol[R]. Survey Circ.1968.
[38] ALLEY W M and SMITH P E. Multi-Event Urban Runoff Quality Model[R]. US Geological Survey, Open File Report 82-764. Virginia: Richmond, 1982.
[39] Dae-Sik Kim, Kei Mizuno, Shintaro Kobayashi. Analysis of urbanization characteristics causing farmland loss in a raped growth area using GIS and RS[J]. Paddy Water Environ,2003,1:189-199.
[40]赵新锋,曾松青,陈建耀等.”珠三角”地区城市化对地下水水质影响案例研究[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):553-536.
[41] CHAN HO JEONG. Effect of land use and urbanization on hydro-chemistry and contamination of groundwater from Taejon area, Korea[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2001(253): 194-210.
[42]李长兴.城市水文的研究现状与发展趋势[J].人民珠江,1998.4:9-12
[43]马海波,刘震.城市化引起的水文效应[J].黑龙江水专学报,2007,34(1):98-100
[44]陈建耀.城市水文学研究进展——东南亚地区城市水文学学术研讨会综述[J].水文科技进展,1997,14(1):18-22
[45]冉茂玉,论城市化的水文效应[J].四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,23(4):436-439.
[46]杨士弘等.城市生态环境学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[47]周淑贞,东炯编著.城市气候学[M].北京:气象出版社,1994.
[48]刘湛沅,王成新,城市化对城市气候影响的实证分析[J].资源开发与市场,2009,25(2):115-117.
[49] Sieker F.,Kaiser M.,Sieker H..Dezentrale Regenwasserbewirschaftung im privaten[J].gewerberlichen und konnunalen Bereich, Fraunhofer IRB Verlag,2006.
[50]申仁淑,长春市城市化影响效应分析[J].水文科技信息,1997,14(3):21-25
[51]申仁淑,辛玉琛,长春市产汇流模型研究[J].东北水利水电,1998,12:19-22
[52]文立道,范本贤,徐晓峰等.多点入汇流计算法在北京城市洪水计算中的应用与研究[J].水文, 1998, 1:22-28.
[53]张志华.城市化对水文特性的影响[J].城市道桥与防洪,2000,2:28-29.
[54]葛怡,史培军,周俊华等.土地利用变化驱动下的上海市区水灾灾情模拟[J].自然灾害学报.2003,12(3):25-30.
[55]王紫雯,程伟平.城市水涝灾害的生态机理分析和思考———以杭州市为主要研究对象[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2002,36(5):583-589
[56]高俊峰,闻余华.太湖流域土地利用变化对流域产水量的影响[J].地理学报,2002,57(2):194-201
[57]高俊峰.太湖流域土地利用变化及洪涝灾害响应[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(2):150-157
[58]史培军,袁艺,陈晋.深圳市土地利用变化对流域径流的影响[J].生态学报,2001,21(7):1041-1049
[59]丁文峰,张平仓等.城市化过程中的水环境问题研究综述[J].长江科学院院报,2006,23(2):21-26
[60]左其亭.城市水资源承载能力——理论·方法·应用[M].北京:北京化学工业出版社,2005
[61]贾绍凤,张士锋,杨红等.工业用水与经济发展的关系——用水库兹涅茨曲线[J].自然资源学报, 2004(3): 279-284.
[62]曹喆,张淑娜.天津城市化的发展趋向与水资源可持续利用[J].城市环境与城市生态, 2002(3): 24-26.
[63]曾晓燕,牟瑞芳,许顺国.城市化对区域水资源的影响[J].资源环境与工程, 2005(4): 318-322.
[64]袁铭道.美国水污染控制和发展概况[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1986.
[65]环境保护部,2007年全国环境统计公报, http://www.eedu.org.cn/news/envir/homenews/200809/29770.html
[66]汪慧珍,李宪法.北京城区雨水径流的污染及控制[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(2).
[67]张勇等.上海市地表水水质近20年的变化[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(2):247-251
[68] ALLEY W M and SMITH P E. Distributed RoutingRainfall-Runoff Model: Version II. US Geological Survey, Geological Survey Open File Report[R]. Virginia:Richmond,1982.
[69] Theo G.,Martin T.Analysis and modeling of flooding in urban drainage systems[J].Journal of Hydrology,299 (2004):300-311
[70] BICKNELL B R, IMHOFF J C, KITTLE J L,DONIGAN A S and JOHANSON R C. Hydrologic Simulation Program: Fortran User Manual for Release 10[R]. Washington,US: Environmental Protection Agen-cy.
[71] NATIONS, ROME. COLON R, MCMAHON G F,BRASS Model: Application to Savannah River System Reservoirs [J]. Journal of Water Resources Planning andManagement, ASCE 1987,113 (2): 177-190.
[72]孙虎,甘枝茂.城市化建设人为弃土引发的侵蚀产沙过程研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,26(3):95-98.
[73]孙虎.延安市人为松散堆积物的侵蚀与输移[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):69-73.
[74] Ministerial Declaration of The Hague on Water Security in the 21st Century[R].Second World Water Forum,2000.
[75]洪阳.中国21世纪水安全[J],环境保护.1999,(10):29-31.
[76] XIA Jun,ZHANGYong-yong.Assessment of dam impacts on river flow regimes and water quality:a case study of the Huai River Basin in P.R.China[J].Journal of Chongqing University(English Edition),2008,7(4):261-276
[77]夏军.华北地区水循环与水资源安全:问题与挑战[J].海河水利,2003,(3):1-3.
[78] Magnusson, T.S, Urban Water Security– Local conditions and regional context: A case study of attitudes and water use behaviour in Windhoek[R]. Namibia, Link?ping, Sweden,2005 .
[79] NORRIS R H, THOMS M C. What is river health[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999, 41:197—207.
[80] FAIRWEATHER PG. State of environment indicators of‘river health’: exploringthe metaphor[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999,41:211—220.
[81] KARR J R. Defining and measuring river health[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999,41:221—234.
[82] SCHOFIELDNJ,DAVIESPE.Measuringthehealthofour rivers[J].Water,1996(5—6):39—43.
[83] BOULTONAJ.Anoverviewofriverhealthassessment:philosophies, ractice,problems and prognosis[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999,41:469—479.
[84]李国英.黄河治理的终极目标是“维持黄河健康生命”[J].人民黄河,2004,26(1):1—3.
[85]胡春宏,陈建国,郭庆超,等.论维持黄河健康生命的关键技术与调控措施[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2005,3(1):1—5.
[86]刘昌明,刘晓燕.河流健康理论初探[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):683-692.
[87]陈家琦.现代水文学发展的新阶段——水资源水文学[J].自然资源学报,1986,1(2):46-53.
[88]张杰,李冬.流域和城市水健康循环战略规划实例[J].给水排水,2008,34(5):136-146.
[89]李磊.我国流域生态补偿机制探讨[J].软科学,2007,21(30.
[90]孔凡斌.完善我国生态补偿机制:理论、实践与研究展望[J].中国经济信息网,2007,11:5-9
[91]常木,邬亮.流域生态补偿机制研究[J].环境预测,2005,12:21-25
[92]宋鹏臣,姚建,马训周等.我国流域生态补偿研究进展[J].资源开发与市场,2007,23(11):1021-1024.
[93]刘桂环,张惠远,万军等.京津冀北流域生态补偿机制初探[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2006,16(4):120-124.
[94]李磊.我国流域生态补偿机制探讨[J].软科学,2007,21(3): 85-87.
[95]金蓉,石培基,王雪平.黑河流域生态补偿机制及效益评估研究[J].人民黄河,2005,27(7):4-6.
[96]崔功豪,王本炎等编著.城市地理学[M].南京:江苏教育出版社,1992.
[97]许学强,周一星,等编著.城市地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996.
[98]《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》.北京:人民出版社,1979:24-25.
[99]胡序威,论城镇化的概念内涵和规律性[J].城市与区域规划研究,2008,2:26-42.
[100]顾朝林,吴莉娅.中国城市化问题研究综述(Ⅰ).城市与区域规划研究,2008,2:104-147.
[101]吴贻永,葛震明.联合国城市指标体系概述与评价[J].城市问题,2001,3:13-15.
[102]欧向军,甑峰等.区域城市化水平综合测度及理想动力分析——以江苏省为例[J].地理研究, 2008, 5:993-1001.
[103]史培军.土地利用/覆被变化研究的方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[104]王秀兰,包玉海.土地利用动态变化的研究方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(l):81—87.
[105]刘纪远著,20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化的遥感时空信息研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[106]刘喜峰,张巍巍,张泽中.城市化与城市供水安全的模型分析[J].人民黄河,2007,29(2):60-62.
[107]王裕德.试论城市化水文效应及城市水环境[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995(2):34-39.
[108] Imbe M,Ohta.Takano N. Methodological approach to improve the hydrological water cycle in urbanized areas, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Technologies in Urban Storm Drainage[R]. Lyon,France, 1995:37-44 .
[109]牛文元.理论地理学[M].北京:商务印书馆出版社,1992
[110] AP: Miliband calls for 'radical rethink' on land use, http://environment.guardian.co.uk/ conservation/ story/0,,2030492,00.html, 2007
[111] Goode D.:Green Infrastructure - Report to the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution,http://www.rcep.org.uk/index.htm,2006
[112] Paul M. J.,MeyerJ. L.: Streams in the Urban Landscape[J].. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 2001,32: 333-365
[113] Gurnell A., Lee M. and Souch C.: Urban Rivers: Hydrology, Geomorphology, Ecology and Opportunities for Change[J]. Geography Compass.2007,5:1118–1137
[114] Findlay S. J. and Taylor M. P.: Why rehabilitate urban river systems? [J]. Area,200638 (3),:312–325
[115] Caruso B. S. and Downs P. W.: Rehabilitation and Flood Management Planning in a Steep[J]. Boulder-Bedded Stream. Environmental Management2007,40(2):256-267
[116] Lamaro E., Stokes R.Riverbanks and the law: The arbitrary nature of river boundaries in New South Wales[J]. Australia. The Environmentalist.2007,27(1):131
[117] UN WWAP: The United Nations World Water Development Report 2 - Water a shared responsibility, http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap, 2006
[118] GROTEHUSMANN,D.;KHELIL,A.;SIEKER,F.;UHL,M.:Hydrologisch-stadt?kologische Studieüber künftige M?glichkeiten der Regenwasserentsorgung versiegelter Fl?chen imEmscher- Einzugsgebie [R]. t; in: Schlussbericht, Teil 2: Projektgebiet Siedlung Schüngelberg, Institut für Wasserwirtschaft, Universit?t Hannover,1991
[119] Roch, I., Matthey, M.: Grundlagenund Perspektivengrenzüberschreitender Raumentwicklung für dendeutsch- tschechischen Grenzraum[M].In:Kr?tke, St.(Hrsg.):Chancen der EU-Osterweiterung für Ostdeutschland. Hannover, 2006
[110]倪晋仁,刘元元.河流健康诊断与生态修复[J].中国水利,2006,13:16-20
[121]林俊俸,李朝忠.小流域都市化对暴雨洪水影响的试验研究[J].水文,1990(6):9-14.
[122] Tan H.Q.: Nature-oriented Mode for Rainwater Management in Urban Area[J].,Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 1999,9(2):144-148,
[123] Tan Haiqiao: Models for Regulating and Rehabilitating the Precipitation Conditions in Hydrological Cycle in Urban Area[C]. In Proc. of the 32nd International Geological Conference, Florence-Italy, August 20-28, Session 6-9, 2004
[124]谭海樵,城市雨水的回归之路[N].科学时报,2006-10-1
[125]李恒鹏,杨桂山,刘晓玫等.流域土地利用变化的长周期水文效应及管理策略[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(4):450-454.
[126]袁艺.土地利用对流域降雨—径流关系影响的研究[D].北京:北京师范大学,2002.
[127]徐嘉兴,太湖流域土地利用变化及其环境效应研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[128]张建云,章四龙,王金星,等.近50a来我国六大流域年际径流变化趋势研究[J].水科学进展,2007,18(2):31-34.
[129]李丽娟,郑红星,华北典型河流年径流演变规律及其驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(3):309-316.
[130]夏军,王渺林.长江上游流域径流变化与分布式水文模拟[J],资源科学,2008,30(7):962-967.
[131]凡炳文,牟燕红,邱文俊.洮河流域径流时间序列一致性及变异研究[J].水文,2008,28(3):69-73.
[132] (美)David R. Maidment主编,张建云,李纪生等译,水文学手册,北京:科学出版社.2002
[133]刘昌明.流域水循环分布式模拟[M].黄河水利出版社,2006.
[134]芮孝芳著.水文学原理[M].中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[135]王浩,王成明等.二元径流演化模式及其在无定河流域的应用[J].中国科学E辑技术科学,2004,34(增刊):42-48.
[136] [英]A.G.威尔逊著,蔡云龙译.地理学与环境——系统分析方法[M].商务印书馆,1997.
[137]陈家琦.现代水文学发展的新阶段—水资源水文学[J].自然资源学报,1986,2:46-53.
[138]王浩,王成明等.二元径流演化模式及其在无定河流域的应用[J].中国科学E辑(技术科学),2004,34(增刊):42-48.
[139]王浩,王建华等.基于二元水循环模式的水资源评价理论方法[J]2006,12:1496-1502
[140]杨青山.城市流域水资源循环利用与可持续发展规概论[J].中外建筑,2008,6:81-84
[141] Karr J R. Defining and measuring river health[J]. Freshwater Biology.1999,41:211-220.
[142] Norris R H, Thomas M C. What is river health?[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999,41:197-209.
[143]张杰,熊永必,李捷.水健康循环原理与应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[144]周林飞,许士国等.基于压力-状态-响应模型的扎龙湿地健康水循环评价研究[J].水科学进展,2008,19:205-213.
[145]普里戈金.从混沌到有序:人与自然的新对话[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1987.
[146]王兴革,纪友等.基于水文特征统计[J].黑龙江水利科技,2008,5:163-163.
[147]张蕾娜,李秀彬.用水文特征参数变化表征人类活动的水文效应初探[J].资源科学,2004,26(5):62-67
[148]张蕾娜,李秀彬,云州水库流域土地利用变化水文效应的特征参数分析[J].地学前沿,2003,10(3):27
[149]王文圣丁晶,金菊良编著.随机水文学(第二版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[150]承继成,江美球.流域地貌数学模型[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.
[151]杨凯,袁雯等.感潮河网地区水系结构特征及城市化响应[J].地理学报,2004,4:557-564.
[152]谭海樵等.城市雨水的统筹与共享.中国地理学会2004学术年会暨海峡两岸地理学术研讨会论文摘要集[C],2004:391.
[153]谭海樵等.蓄排兼顾,修复城市雨水的天然通道.中国水利学会2007年学术年会论文集[C],雨水利用专业委员会,2007:14-17.
[154]成都地质学院普通地质研究室.动力地质学原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
[155]中国环境保护总局,《地面水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[156]陈建华,建设地理学研究——以石羊河下游地区为例[D].2002,兰州:兰州大学2002.
[157]夏军,欧春平,G.H.Hunang,基于GIS和差异信息测度的海河流域水文气象要素时空变异性分析自然资源学版[J].2007,22(3):409-415
[158] LEANG.Deathoftheworld`srivers[EB/OL]. hppt://www.news.independent.co.uk/environment/article350785.ece,2006.
[159] OECD.OECD core set of indicators for environmental performance review.Pairs:Environmental Monography, 1993.
[160]殷克东,赵昕等.基于PSR模型的可持续发展研究[J].软科学,2002,16(5):62-66.
[161]李德华主编.城市规划原理(第三版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[162]丹保宪任(日).水文大循环和城市水环境代谢[J].给水排水,2002,6:1-5.
[163]刘易斯.芒福德.城市发展史:它到起源,演变和前景[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[164]沈清基.对城市河流的生态学认识[J].上海城市规划,2003,2:31-36.
[165]陈光庭.城市发展与河流关系三议[J].城市问题,1998,1:29-32.
[166]高云福.城市化发展与水系统的演变[J].城市勘测,1998,(3):5-8.
[167]张欧阳,许炯心,张红武等.洪水的灾害与资源效益及其转化模式[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(1):25-30.
[168] H.钱纳里.发展的模式:1950-1970[M].北京:经济出版社,1988.
[169]王金营,经济发展中人口城市化与经济增长相关分析比较[J].中国人口.资源与环境, 2003, 13(5): 52-58.
[170]吴殿延,田杰等.我国各地区现代化与工业化、城市化、知识化及经济协调发展的初步研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002(1):51-58.
[171]黄金川,方创琳.城市化与生态环境交互耦合机制与规律性分析[J].地理研究,2003,22(2):211-220.
[172]刘耀斌,李仁东,宋学峰.中国区域城市化与生态环境耦合的关联分析[J].地理学报, 2005, 7(3): 345-350.
[173]崔功耗,魏请泉等编著.《区域分析与区域规划》(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[174]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994.
[175]薛薇主编,SPSS统计分析方法及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009
[176]赵济主编,中国自然地理(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995
[177]水利部淮委沂沭泗水利管理局,沂沭泗河道志[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996
[178]沂沭泗水利管理局,沭泗流防汛手册[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[179]水利部淮河水利委员会,淮河防汛水情手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997
[180]徐州市水利局编.徐州市水利志[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.
[181]《徐州市城市总体规划(2003-2010)》[R].徐州市人民政府,2004
[182]林振山,王国祥.矿区塌陷地改造与构造湿地建设[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):790-795.
[183]刘民.徐州市水资源管理及水污染防治对策[J].中国水利,2006,(13):56-57.
[184]上海市建设和交通委员会.《室外排水设计规范》(GB50014-2006)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.
[185]《徐州市城市总体规划(2007-2020)》[R].徐州市人民政府,2008.
[186] K. Polaskovaa, P. Hlavineka, R. Haloun. Integrated approach for protection of an urban catchment area[J]. Desalination 188 (2006) 51–59.
[187]沂沭泗水利管理局.淮河流域沂沭泗水系实用水文预报方案[R].济南:.山东省水文出版社,2001.
[188]燕荷叶.人类活动对沁河流域径流影响研究[J].水利水电技术,2003,34(6):5-8.
[189]毛战坡,王雨春等.筑坝对河流生态系统影响研究进展[J].水科学进展,2005,1:134-140.
[190] Nilsson,C.,Reidy C.A.,Dynesius M., & Revenga C.: Fragmentation and flow regulation of the world’s large river systems[J]. Science,2005,308:405-408,.
[191] B.F.Chao,Y.H.Wu,Y.S.Li, Impact of artificial reservoir water impoundment on global sea level, Science Express, 2008.3.13, ttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/contenet/full/1154580/DCI
[192]宋国君,谭炳卿编著.中国淮河流域水环境保护政策评估[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[193]郑家庆,曹光杰主编.临沂区域环境与发展[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2006.
[194]王师千,王允成,王信远等.临沂市典型污灌区环境质量调查评价与控制对策[J].农业环境与发展,2003,3:18-22
[195]李吉学,冯文献,陈国浩等.济宁市地下水超采区分析及对策[J].地下水,2006,12:55-57.
[196] IsoIde Roch,Dagmar PETRIKOVA.Border-Free River Basins Fluslandschaften ohen Grenzen[M]. Published:ROAD Bratislva,2005.
[2]俞孔坚.回到土地,生活读书新知[M].北京:三联书店,2009.
[3]吴良镛.国际建协,北京宪章——建筑学的未来[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[4]邱四维,信海光.中国未来20年的深刻变革:3亿农民非农化之路. http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2005-11/22/content_3817605.htm.
[5] Hall. M.J. Urban Hydrology[M]. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London and New York, 1984:1-13.
[6]周乃晟,贺宝根等编译.城市水文学概论[M].上海:华东师大出版社,1995.
[7] UNESCO.Hydrological effects of urbanization[R].Studies and Reports in Hydrology, Paris, France, 1974:13-37.
[8]李丽娟,李九一.土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应研究进展[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(2):211-232
[9]罗春玲,桂林城市化水文效应分析[J].人民珠江,2005(1):59-62.
[10] Cottingham P. et al.(eds): Urbanization impacts on stream ecology - from syndrome to cure? [R] .Outcomes of workshops held at the Symposium on Urbanization and Stream Ecology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia, 8th - 10th December 2003:2-6.
[11]张杰,李冬.人类社会用水健康宣言[J].给水排水,2008,5:129-135.
[12]谭海樵,薛丽芳等.基于水文区位指数的城市雨水管理初探[C].中国地理学会自然地理专业委员会编:“自然地理与生态建设”.北京:气象出版社,2006.
[13](日)中野尊正.城市生态学[M].孟德政,刘得新译.北京:科学出版社,1986.
[14]李秀彬.全球环境变化研究的核心领域——土地利用/土地覆被变化的国际研究动向[J].地理学报,1996:51(6):553-539
[15]李秀彬.土地覆被变化的水文水资源效应研究——社会需求与科学问题[C].中国地理学会自然地理专业委员会编《土地覆被变化及其环境效应》,星球地图出版社,2002.
[16]夏军,谈戈.全球变化与水文科学新的进展与挑战[J].资源科学,2002,24(3):1-7
[17]夏军.华北地区水循环与水资源安全[J].地理科学进展,2002,21(6):517-526
[18]刘昌明.地理水文学的研究进展与21世纪展望[J].地理学报,1994(49)(增刊):517-526
[19] Calder I R. Hydrologic effects of land use change[C].In: Maident D R. Handbook of Hydrology .McGraw– Hill, New York ,1993
[20] Z.Tang,B.A.Engel,B.C.pijancwski,K.J.Lim. Forecasting land use change and its environmental impact at a watershed scale[J].Journal of Environment Management, 76(2005):35-45.
[21]邓慧平.气候与土地利用变化对水文水资源的影响研究[J].地球科学进展,2001:16,34,36-441.
[22] Daniel Niehoff , Uta Fritsch, Axel Bronstert. Land-use impacts on storm-runoff generation: scenarios of land-use change and simulation of hydrological response in a meso-scale catchment in SW-Germany[J].Journal of Hydrolog y, 267(2002):80–93.
[23] Jens Kristian LCrup, Jens Christian Refsgaard, Assessing the effect of land use change on catchment runoff by combined use of statistical tests and hydrological modelling: Casestudies fromZimbabwe[J],.Journal of Hydrology, 205 (1998): 47-163.
[24] N. Fohrer, S. Haverkamp, K. Eckhardt and H. G. Frede. Hydrologic Response to Land Use Changes on the Catchment Scale[J]. Phys. Chem. Earth (B),26(2001): 577-582.
[25] Y.B. Liu, F. De Smedt, L. Hoffmannb and L. Pfister.Assessing land use impacts on flood processes in complex terrain by using GIS and odeling approach[J]. Environmental Modeling and Assessment ,9(2004): 227–235 .
[26] B.F.W. Croke, W.S. Merritt, A.J. Jakeman.A dynamic model for predicting hydrologic response to land cover changes in gauged and ungauged catchments[J]. Journal of Hydrology ,291 (2004) :115–131.
[27] J.C. Bathurs, J. Ewen, G. Parkin, P.E. O’Connell, J.D. Cooper.Validation of catchment models for predicting land-use and climate change impacts[J]. Journal of Hydrology ,287 (2004) :74–94.
[28] G. Parkin, G. O’Donnell, J. Ewena, J.C. Bathursta,.Validation of catchment models for predicting land-use and climate change impacts: Case study for a editerranean catchment[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 175 (1996) :595-613.
[29] Ian R. Calder, Robin L. Hall, Heidi G. Bastablea. The impact of land use change on water resources in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study of Lake Malawi[J]. Journal of Hydrology ,170 (1995): 123-135.
[30] L. Siriwardenaa, B.L. Finlayson, T.A. McMaho. The impact of land use change on catchment hydrology in large catchments: The Comet River, Central Queensland, Australia[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 326 (2006):199–214.
[31] Toby N. Carlson, S. Traci Arthur.The impact of land use—land cover changes due to urbanization on surface microclimate and hydrology: a satellite perspective[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 25(2000):49–65.
[32] T. Lasanta,J.M. Garc′?a-Ruiz . Runoff and sediment yield in a semi-arid environment: the effect of land management after farmland abandonment[J]. Catena, 38(2000):265–278.
[33] DeFries R,K N Eshleman.Land-use change and hydrologic processes:a major focus for the future[J]. Hydrological Processes,2004(18):2183-2186.
[34]李昌峰,高俊峰,曹慧.土地利用变化对水资源影响研究的现状和趋势[J].土壤,2002(4):191～205.
[35]邓慧平,李秀彬,陈军锋,等.流域土地覆被变化水文效应的模拟——以长江上游源头区梭磨河为例[J].地理学报,2003,25(1):53～62.
[36]温灼如.都市水文学——水文学新的分支学科[C]J.水文研究报告学选编第1集,水利电力部南京水文研究所,1982.
[37] LEOPOLD L B. Hydrology for Urban Land Planning: A Guidebook on the Hydrologic Effects of Urban Land Use. U.S.Geol[R]. Survey Circ.1968.
[38] ALLEY W M and SMITH P E. Multi-Event Urban Runoff Quality Model[R]. US Geological Survey, Open File Report 82-764. Virginia: Richmond, 1982.
[39] Dae-Sik Kim, Kei Mizuno, Shintaro Kobayashi. Analysis of urbanization characteristics causing farmland loss in a raped growth area using GIS and RS[J]. Paddy Water Environ,2003,1:189-199.
[40]赵新锋,曾松青,陈建耀等.”珠三角”地区城市化对地下水水质影响案例研究[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):553-536.
[41] CHAN HO JEONG. Effect of land use and urbanization on hydro-chemistry and contamination of groundwater from Taejon area, Korea[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2001(253): 194-210.
[42]李长兴.城市水文的研究现状与发展趋势[J].人民珠江,1998.4:9-12
[43]马海波,刘震.城市化引起的水文效应[J].黑龙江水专学报,2007,34(1):98-100
[44]陈建耀.城市水文学研究进展——东南亚地区城市水文学学术研讨会综述[J].水文科技进展,1997,14(1):18-22
[45]冉茂玉,论城市化的水文效应[J].四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,23(4):436-439.
[46]杨士弘等.城市生态环境学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[47]周淑贞,东炯编著.城市气候学[M].北京:气象出版社,1994.
[48]刘湛沅,王成新,城市化对城市气候影响的实证分析[J].资源开发与市场,2009,25(2):115-117.
[49] Sieker F.,Kaiser M.,Sieker H..Dezentrale Regenwasserbewirschaftung im privaten[J].gewerberlichen und konnunalen Bereich, Fraunhofer IRB Verlag,2006.
[50]申仁淑,长春市城市化影响效应分析[J].水文科技信息,1997,14(3):21-25
[51]申仁淑,辛玉琛,长春市产汇流模型研究[J].东北水利水电,1998,12:19-22
[52]文立道,范本贤,徐晓峰等.多点入汇流计算法在北京城市洪水计算中的应用与研究[J].水文, 1998, 1:22-28.
[53]张志华.城市化对水文特性的影响[J].城市道桥与防洪,2000,2:28-29.
[54]葛怡,史培军,周俊华等.土地利用变化驱动下的上海市区水灾灾情模拟[J].自然灾害学报.2003,12(3):25-30.
[55]王紫雯,程伟平.城市水涝灾害的生态机理分析和思考———以杭州市为主要研究对象[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2002,36(5):583-589
[56]高俊峰,闻余华.太湖流域土地利用变化对流域产水量的影响[J].地理学报,2002,57(2):194-201
[57]高俊峰.太湖流域土地利用变化及洪涝灾害响应[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(2):150-157
[58]史培军,袁艺,陈晋.深圳市土地利用变化对流域径流的影响[J].生态学报,2001,21(7):1041-1049
[59]丁文峰,张平仓等.城市化过程中的水环境问题研究综述[J].长江科学院院报,2006,23(2):21-26
[60]左其亭.城市水资源承载能力——理论·方法·应用[M].北京:北京化学工业出版社,2005
[61]贾绍凤,张士锋,杨红等.工业用水与经济发展的关系——用水库兹涅茨曲线[J].自然资源学报, 2004(3): 279-284.
[62]曹喆,张淑娜.天津城市化的发展趋向与水资源可持续利用[J].城市环境与城市生态, 2002(3): 24-26.
[63]曾晓燕,牟瑞芳,许顺国.城市化对区域水资源的影响[J].资源环境与工程, 2005(4): 318-322.
[64]袁铭道.美国水污染控制和发展概况[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1986.
[65]环境保护部,2007年全国环境统计公报, http://www.eedu.org.cn/news/envir/homenews/200809/29770.html
[66]汪慧珍,李宪法.北京城区雨水径流的污染及控制[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002,15(2).
[67]张勇等.上海市地表水水质近20年的变化[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(2):247-251
[68] ALLEY W M and SMITH P E. Distributed RoutingRainfall-Runoff Model: Version II. US Geological Survey, Geological Survey Open File Report[R]. Virginia:Richmond,1982.
[69] Theo G.,Martin T.Analysis and modeling of flooding in urban drainage systems[J].Journal of Hydrology,299 (2004):300-311
[70] BICKNELL B R, IMHOFF J C, KITTLE J L,DONIGAN A S and JOHANSON R C. Hydrologic Simulation Program: Fortran User Manual for Release 10[R]. Washington,US: Environmental Protection Agen-cy.
[71] NATIONS, ROME. COLON R, MCMAHON G F,BRASS Model: Application to Savannah River System Reservoirs [J]. Journal of Water Resources Planning andManagement, ASCE 1987,113 (2): 177-190.
[72]孙虎,甘枝茂.城市化建设人为弃土引发的侵蚀产沙过程研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),1998,26(3):95-98.
[73]孙虎.延安市人为松散堆积物的侵蚀与输移[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1):69-73.
[74] Ministerial Declaration of The Hague on Water Security in the 21st Century[R].Second World Water Forum,2000.
[75]洪阳.中国21世纪水安全[J],环境保护.1999,(10):29-31.
[76] XIA Jun,ZHANGYong-yong.Assessment of dam impacts on river flow regimes and water quality:a case study of the Huai River Basin in P.R.China[J].Journal of Chongqing University(English Edition),2008,7(4):261-276
[77]夏军.华北地区水循环与水资源安全:问题与挑战[J].海河水利,2003,(3):1-3.
[78] Magnusson, T.S, Urban Water Security– Local conditions and regional context: A case study of attitudes and water use behaviour in Windhoek[R]. Namibia, Link?ping, Sweden,2005 .
[79] NORRIS R H, THOMS M C. What is river health[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999, 41:197—207.
[80] FAIRWEATHER PG. State of environment indicators of‘river health’: exploringthe metaphor[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999,41:211—220.
[81] KARR J R. Defining and measuring river health[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999,41:221—234.
[82] SCHOFIELDNJ,DAVIESPE.Measuringthehealthofour rivers[J].Water,1996(5—6):39—43.
[83] BOULTONAJ.Anoverviewofriverhealthassessment:philosophies, ractice,problems and prognosis[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999,41:469—479.
[84]李国英.黄河治理的终极目标是“维持黄河健康生命”[J].人民黄河,2004,26(1):1—3.
[85]胡春宏,陈建国,郭庆超,等.论维持黄河健康生命的关键技术与调控措施[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2005,3(1):1—5.
[86]刘昌明,刘晓燕.河流健康理论初探[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):683-692.
[87]陈家琦.现代水文学发展的新阶段——水资源水文学[J].自然资源学报,1986,1(2):46-53.
[88]张杰,李冬.流域和城市水健康循环战略规划实例[J].给水排水,2008,34(5):136-146.
[89]李磊.我国流域生态补偿机制探讨[J].软科学,2007,21(30.
[90]孔凡斌.完善我国生态补偿机制:理论、实践与研究展望[J].中国经济信息网,2007,11:5-9
[91]常木,邬亮.流域生态补偿机制研究[J].环境预测,2005,12:21-25
[92]宋鹏臣,姚建,马训周等.我国流域生态补偿研究进展[J].资源开发与市场,2007,23(11):1021-1024.
[93]刘桂环,张惠远,万军等.京津冀北流域生态补偿机制初探[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2006,16(4):120-124.
[94]李磊.我国流域生态补偿机制探讨[J].软科学,2007,21(3): 85-87.
[95]金蓉,石培基,王雪平.黑河流域生态补偿机制及效益评估研究[J].人民黄河,2005,27(7):4-6.
[96]崔功豪,王本炎等编著.城市地理学[M].南京:江苏教育出版社,1992.
[97]许学强,周一星,等编著.城市地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996.
[98]《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》.北京:人民出版社,1979:24-25.
[99]胡序威,论城镇化的概念内涵和规律性[J].城市与区域规划研究,2008,2:26-42.
[100]顾朝林,吴莉娅.中国城市化问题研究综述(Ⅰ).城市与区域规划研究,2008,2:104-147.
[101]吴贻永,葛震明.联合国城市指标体系概述与评价[J].城市问题,2001,3:13-15.
[102]欧向军,甑峰等.区域城市化水平综合测度及理想动力分析——以江苏省为例[J].地理研究, 2008, 5:993-1001.
[103]史培军.土地利用/覆被变化研究的方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[104]王秀兰,包玉海.土地利用动态变化的研究方法探讨[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(l):81—87.
[105]刘纪远著,20世纪90年代中国土地利用变化的遥感时空信息研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[106]刘喜峰,张巍巍,张泽中.城市化与城市供水安全的模型分析[J].人民黄河,2007,29(2):60-62.
[107]王裕德.试论城市化水文效应及城市水环境[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995(2):34-39.
[108] Imbe M,Ohta.Takano N. Methodological approach to improve the hydrological water cycle in urbanized areas, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Technologies in Urban Storm Drainage[R]. Lyon,France, 1995:37-44 .
[109]牛文元.理论地理学[M].北京:商务印书馆出版社,1992
[110] AP: Miliband calls for 'radical rethink' on land use, http://environment.guardian.co.uk/ conservation/ story/0,,2030492,00.html, 2007
[111] Goode D.:Green Infrastructure - Report to the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution,http://www.rcep.org.uk/index.htm,2006
[112] Paul M. J.,MeyerJ. L.: Streams in the Urban Landscape[J].. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 2001,32: 333-365
[113] Gurnell A., Lee M. and Souch C.: Urban Rivers: Hydrology, Geomorphology, Ecology and Opportunities for Change[J]. Geography Compass.2007,5:1118–1137
[114] Findlay S. J. and Taylor M. P.: Why rehabilitate urban river systems? [J]. Area,200638 (3),:312–325
[115] Caruso B. S. and Downs P. W.: Rehabilitation and Flood Management Planning in a Steep[J]. Boulder-Bedded Stream. Environmental Management2007,40(2):256-267
[116] Lamaro E., Stokes R.Riverbanks and the law: The arbitrary nature of river boundaries in New South Wales[J]. Australia. The Environmentalist.2007,27(1):131
[117] UN WWAP: The United Nations World Water Development Report 2 - Water a shared responsibility, http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap, 2006
[118] GROTEHUSMANN,D.;KHELIL,A.;SIEKER,F.;UHL,M.:Hydrologisch-stadt?kologische Studieüber künftige M?glichkeiten der Regenwasserentsorgung versiegelter Fl?chen imEmscher- Einzugsgebie [R]. t; in: Schlussbericht, Teil 2: Projektgebiet Siedlung Schüngelberg, Institut für Wasserwirtschaft, Universit?t Hannover,1991
[119] Roch, I., Matthey, M.: Grundlagenund Perspektivengrenzüberschreitender Raumentwicklung für dendeutsch- tschechischen Grenzraum[M].In:Kr?tke, St.(Hrsg.):Chancen der EU-Osterweiterung für Ostdeutschland. Hannover, 2006
[110]倪晋仁,刘元元.河流健康诊断与生态修复[J].中国水利,2006,13:16-20
[121]林俊俸,李朝忠.小流域都市化对暴雨洪水影响的试验研究[J].水文,1990(6):9-14.
[122] Tan H.Q.: Nature-oriented Mode for Rainwater Management in Urban Area[J].,Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 1999,9(2):144-148,
[123] Tan Haiqiao: Models for Regulating and Rehabilitating the Precipitation Conditions in Hydrological Cycle in Urban Area[C]. In Proc. of the 32nd International Geological Conference, Florence-Italy, August 20-28, Session 6-9, 2004
[124]谭海樵,城市雨水的回归之路[N].科学时报,2006-10-1
[125]李恒鹏,杨桂山,刘晓玫等.流域土地利用变化的长周期水文效应及管理策略[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(4):450-454.
[126]袁艺.土地利用对流域降雨—径流关系影响的研究[D].北京:北京师范大学,2002.
[127]徐嘉兴,太湖流域土地利用变化及其环境效应研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[128]张建云,章四龙,王金星,等.近50a来我国六大流域年际径流变化趋势研究[J].水科学进展,2007,18(2):31-34.
[129]李丽娟,郑红星,华北典型河流年径流演变规律及其驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(3):309-316.
[130]夏军,王渺林.长江上游流域径流变化与分布式水文模拟[J],资源科学,2008,30(7):962-967.
[131]凡炳文,牟燕红,邱文俊.洮河流域径流时间序列一致性及变异研究[J].水文,2008,28(3):69-73.
[132] (美)David R. Maidment主编,张建云,李纪生等译,水文学手册,北京:科学出版社.2002
[133]刘昌明.流域水循环分布式模拟[M].黄河水利出版社,2006.
[134]芮孝芳著.水文学原理[M].中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[135]王浩,王成明等.二元径流演化模式及其在无定河流域的应用[J].中国科学E辑技术科学,2004,34(增刊):42-48.
[136] [英]A.G.威尔逊著,蔡云龙译.地理学与环境——系统分析方法[M].商务印书馆,1997.
[137]陈家琦.现代水文学发展的新阶段—水资源水文学[J].自然资源学报,1986,2:46-53.
[138]王浩,王成明等.二元径流演化模式及其在无定河流域的应用[J].中国科学E辑(技术科学),2004,34(增刊):42-48.
[139]王浩,王建华等.基于二元水循环模式的水资源评价理论方法[J]2006,12:1496-1502
[140]杨青山.城市流域水资源循环利用与可持续发展规概论[J].中外建筑,2008,6:81-84
[141] Karr J R. Defining and measuring river health[J]. Freshwater Biology.1999,41:211-220.
[142] Norris R H, Thomas M C. What is river health?[J]. Freshwater Biology,1999,41:197-209.
[143]张杰,熊永必,李捷.水健康循环原理与应用[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[144]周林飞,许士国等.基于压力-状态-响应模型的扎龙湿地健康水循环评价研究[J].水科学进展,2008,19:205-213.
[145]普里戈金.从混沌到有序:人与自然的新对话[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1987.
[146]王兴革,纪友等.基于水文特征统计[J].黑龙江水利科技,2008,5:163-163.
[147]张蕾娜,李秀彬.用水文特征参数变化表征人类活动的水文效应初探[J].资源科学,2004,26(5):62-67
[148]张蕾娜,李秀彬,云州水库流域土地利用变化水文效应的特征参数分析[J].地学前沿,2003,10(3):27
[149]王文圣丁晶,金菊良编著.随机水文学(第二版)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[150]承继成,江美球.流域地貌数学模型[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.
[151]杨凯,袁雯等.感潮河网地区水系结构特征及城市化响应[J].地理学报,2004,4:557-564.
[152]谭海樵等.城市雨水的统筹与共享.中国地理学会2004学术年会暨海峡两岸地理学术研讨会论文摘要集[C],2004:391.
[153]谭海樵等.蓄排兼顾,修复城市雨水的天然通道.中国水利学会2007年学术年会论文集[C],雨水利用专业委员会,2007:14-17.
[154]成都地质学院普通地质研究室.动力地质学原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
[155]中国环境保护总局,《地面水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[156]陈建华,建设地理学研究——以石羊河下游地区为例[D].2002,兰州:兰州大学2002.
[157]夏军,欧春平,G.H.Hunang,基于GIS和差异信息测度的海河流域水文气象要素时空变异性分析自然资源学版[J].2007,22(3):409-415
[158] LEANG.Deathoftheworld`srivers[EB/OL]. hppt://www.news.independent.co.uk/environment/article350785.ece,2006.
[159] OECD.OECD core set of indicators for environmental performance review.Pairs:Environmental Monography, 1993.
[160]殷克东,赵昕等.基于PSR模型的可持续发展研究[J].软科学,2002,16(5):62-66.
[161]李德华主编.城市规划原理(第三版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[162]丹保宪任(日).水文大循环和城市水环境代谢[J].给水排水,2002,6:1-5.
[163]刘易斯.芒福德.城市发展史:它到起源,演变和前景[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[164]沈清基.对城市河流的生态学认识[J].上海城市规划,2003,2:31-36.
[165]陈光庭.城市发展与河流关系三议[J].城市问题,1998,1:29-32.
[166]高云福.城市化发展与水系统的演变[J].城市勘测,1998,(3):5-8.
[167]张欧阳,许炯心,张红武等.洪水的灾害与资源效益及其转化模式[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(1):25-30.
[168] H.钱纳里.发展的模式:1950-1970[M].北京:经济出版社,1988.
[169]王金营,经济发展中人口城市化与经济增长相关分析比较[J].中国人口.资源与环境, 2003, 13(5): 52-58.
[170]吴殿延,田杰等.我国各地区现代化与工业化、城市化、知识化及经济协调发展的初步研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002(1):51-58.
[171]黄金川,方创琳.城市化与生态环境交互耦合机制与规律性分析[J].地理研究,2003,22(2):211-220.
[172]刘耀斌,李仁东,宋学峰.中国区域城市化与生态环境耦合的关联分析[J].地理学报, 2005, 7(3): 345-350.
[173]崔功耗,魏请泉等编著.《区域分析与区域规划》(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[174]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994.
[175]薛薇主编,SPSS统计分析方法及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009
[176]赵济主编,中国自然地理(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995
[177]水利部淮委沂沭泗水利管理局,沂沭泗河道志[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996
[178]沂沭泗水利管理局,沭泗流防汛手册[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[179]水利部淮河水利委员会,淮河防汛水情手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997
[180]徐州市水利局编.徐州市水利志[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.
[181]《徐州市城市总体规划(2003-2010)》[R].徐州市人民政府,2004
[182]林振山,王国祥.矿区塌陷地改造与构造湿地建设[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):790-795.
[183]刘民.徐州市水资源管理及水污染防治对策[J].中国水利,2006,(13):56-57.
[184]上海市建设和交通委员会.《室外排水设计规范》(GB50014-2006)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.
[185]《徐州市城市总体规划(2007-2020)》[R].徐州市人民政府,2008.
[186] K. Polaskovaa, P. Hlavineka, R. Haloun. Integrated approach for protection of an urban catchment area[J]. Desalination 188 (2006) 51–59.
[187]沂沭泗水利管理局.淮河流域沂沭泗水系实用水文预报方案[R].济南:.山东省水文出版社,2001.
[188]燕荷叶.人类活动对沁河流域径流影响研究[J].水利水电技术,2003,34(6):5-8.
[189]毛战坡,王雨春等.筑坝对河流生态系统影响研究进展[J].水科学进展,2005,1:134-140.
[190] Nilsson,C.,Reidy C.A.,Dynesius M., & Revenga C.: Fragmentation and flow regulation of the world’s large river systems[J]. Science,2005,308:405-408,.
[191] B.F.Chao,Y.H.Wu,Y.S.Li, Impact of artificial reservoir water impoundment on global sea level, Science Express, 2008.3.13, ttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/contenet/full/1154580/DCI
[192]宋国君,谭炳卿编著.中国淮河流域水环境保护政策评估[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007.
[193]郑家庆,曹光杰主编.临沂区域环境与发展[M].济南:山东大学出版社,2006.
[194]王师千,王允成,王信远等.临沂市典型污灌区环境质量调查评价与控制对策[J].农业环境与发展,2003,3:18-22
[195]李吉学,冯文献,陈国浩等.济宁市地下水超采区分析及对策[J].地下水,2006,12:55-57.
[196] IsoIde Roch,Dagmar PETRIKOVA.Border-Free River Basins Fluslandschaften ohen Grenzen[M]. Published:ROAD Bratislva,2005.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |