黑龙江东部盆地群早白垩世岩相古地理研究与油气远景分析
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摘要
从国家对能源的战略需求出发,大庆油田公司提出“大庆外围找大庆、大庆深部找大庆”,实现大庆“百年油田”建设的战略目标,而围绕东部盆地进行重点油气勘探则是“大庆外围找大庆”的重要环节。
本次研究通过大量野外地质调查、区域地质资料分析、前人研究成果综合,认为黑龙江东部盆地群早白垩世为三江—东锡霍特盆地这一大型裂陷湖盆的南端。基于这样的认识,以沉积学理论为指导,以基干钻井剖面所取得第一手定量资料为立足点,以岩石学及沉积相分析研究为基础,以单因素分析多因素综合作图法为方法论,编制东部盆地群1：50万定量岩相古地理图,结合烃源岩有机地化及储层物性,进行油气远景分析,主要取得了以下认识及结论：
1、通过系统收集整理研究区钻井剖面资料,对区内16口钻井进行详细岩心描述,取得了第一手岩石学资料及沉积相划分依据,研究区岩石类型齐全,层理构造发育,碎屑岩多见各种粒级的砾岩、砂岩及泥岩夹有煤系地层,并可见作为储层及盖层的多种火山岩,单独区分出震积岩,认为该种类型岩石对油气储集具有重要意义。
2、对海相环境进一步探讨,发现海绿石、自生独居石及莓状黄铁矿等自生矿物组合,且在对应层段发现代表典型潮坪沉积的双粘土层构造,为黑龙江东部盆地群白垩纪发生海侵提供了矿物学和沉积学佐证。
3、通过对研究区5口钻井沉积相层序地层划分,划分出10个完整的全区可以对比的三级层序,尤其是层序SQ4在全区对比中最为典型,发育HST、TST及LST三个体系域,LST在可作为全区的对比标志层,为早白垩世早期全区为统一湖盆提供了新的证据。
4、识别出陆相和海相两大类沉积环境。陆相沉积环境进一步划分为曲流河三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相和湖泊相3种沉积相类型,并进一步识别出7种沉积亚相及16种沉积微相；海相沉积环境可进一步划分为滨海和浅海陆棚2种沉积相类型,海相沉积主要作为夹层位于白垩系不同层位,在平面图上由于不是优势相而未显示。
5、以“单因素分析多因素综合作图法”为方法论,在单剖面相分析基础上,选取地层厚度(m)、粗碎屑岩含量(%),砾岩含量(%)及煤和碳质页岩含量(%o)四个单因素,编制黑龙江东部盆地群城子河期和穆棱期的定量岩相古地理图,表明城子河期到穆棱期沉积演化具有继承性、发展性和阶段性三个显著特点。从城子河期到穆棱期是一个水体加深,湖盆扩大的过程,城子河组时期,形成了统一汇水盆地,但湖盆水深相对较浅,以三角洲为主的辫状河(曲流河)三角洲—滨浅湖相沉积体系为特征,并伴有海侵事件；穆棱期湖盆面积扩大,水体相对变深,以曲流河(辫状河)三角洲—滨浅湖—半深湖—湖底扇沉积体系为主。
6、综合研究岩相古地理演化、沉积相带展布、有机地化及储层物性指标析,确定鸡西盆地、三江绥滨凹陷和勃东地区为烃源岩和储集层发育的较有利相带。并提出勃东—前进—抚远坳陷应为半深湖—深湖相沉积,是潜在的有利油气勘查远景区,为下一步油气勘探部署提供科学依据和新的思路。
Baesd on the strategic requirement of energy resources, Daqing oilfield company purposed the target that "to find the oil and gas in peripheral and deep-seated of Daqing", and one of the key links is the oil and gas exploration for easten basins.
On the basis of lots of field investigation, region data analysis and previous researches, it was considered that the easten Heilongjiang basins was the south part of large Sanjiang—Xihuote basin in early Cretaceous. Therefore, this article is mainly upheld by the theory of sedimentology, using the firsthand quantitative information which was obtained from well drilling sections as a foothold. And it was also based on the analysis of petrology and sedimentary facies, using the single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method as its methodology. Combined with the regional geotectonic, the 1:500000 quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography map were made to predict the oil and gas prospect zone. The main cognitions and conclusions of this thesis are as follows:
1、It collected the materials of the well drilling section systematicly, and it also described 16 drilling wells in details to obtain the first hand datas of petrology and the partitioning standards of sedimentary facies. Rock types are complete and bedding structures are various. It contains many kinds of clastic rocks, such as conglomerate sandstones and mudstones. Coal measure strata are also abundant, many kinds of volcanic rocks which were used as reservoir and cover in this area. The seismites were distinguish alone which were considered to be significance to oil and gas reservoir.
2、According to further discussion on the marine environment, the authigenic mineral combinations of glauconite, authigenic monazite and framboid pyrite were found. And the typical tidal flat deposits with two-clay-layer structure are also found in the corresponding layers, which supplied mineralogical and sedimentology evidences to transgression in the cretaceous basins of eastern Hei Longjiang Province.
3、Based on the sequence analysis of 5 drilling wells in the study area,10 integrated third-order sequences were divided out, especially the sequence 4, which can be compared in all region and provide strong evidences of that the basins were unified in the early Cretaceous.
4、It also identify two major categories of continental and Marine sedimentary environments. Continental depositional environment are further divided into 3 types, they are meandering river delta, braided delta and lacustrine facies.Furthermore, it identifies 7 kinds of sedimentary sub-facies and 16 kinds of sedimentary micro-facies. Marine sedimentary environment can be further divided into 2 types, they are coastal and shallow shelf facies. Marine deposits were mainly regard as dissections which were located in different layers in the Cretaceous. Because of non-dominant facies, which were not display on planar graph.
5、Using the single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method, four single factors were selects (formation thickness(m), clastic percentage content(%), conglomerate percentage content (%) and coal and carbon shale content (‰)).to make the quantitative lithofacies and paleogeography maps of Muling period and Chengzihe periods were compiled. There are 3 distiguished characters of Inheritance, development and Staggered from Chengzihe period to Muling period. Form the period of Chengzihe to Muling, it is a water enhanced process. Muling period inherited Chengzihe period deposition, and continues to develop with its base. In the period of the Chengzihe formation, there already formed a unified basin, but the water depth relatively shallow, so that there fromed braidd delta (meandering delt) and shore-shallow lacustrine sedimentary system, accompanied by transgression events. The lake area of Muling period became larger, and water relatively gets deeper. Then it fromed a braidd delta (meandering delt)-shore-shallow lacustrine and semi-deep lake systems.
6、The comprehensive study on lithofacies and paleogeography evolution, sedimentary facies distribution and organic geochemical and reservoir properties analysis, defined that Jixi basin, the Sanjiang Suibin hollow and BoDong areas were the favorable facies belt of hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoir facies. It was purposed that BoDong-Qianjin-Fuyuan area was depocenter of the semi-deep lake-deep lake, all above should be the focus for further exploration zone.
本次研究通过大量野外地质调查、区域地质资料分析、前人研究成果综合,认为黑龙江东部盆地群早白垩世为三江—东锡霍特盆地这一大型裂陷湖盆的南端。基于这样的认识,以沉积学理论为指导,以基干钻井剖面所取得第一手定量资料为立足点,以岩石学及沉积相分析研究为基础,以单因素分析多因素综合作图法为方法论,编制东部盆地群1：50万定量岩相古地理图,结合烃源岩有机地化及储层物性,进行油气远景分析,主要取得了以下认识及结论：
1、通过系统收集整理研究区钻井剖面资料,对区内16口钻井进行详细岩心描述,取得了第一手岩石学资料及沉积相划分依据,研究区岩石类型齐全,层理构造发育,碎屑岩多见各种粒级的砾岩、砂岩及泥岩夹有煤系地层,并可见作为储层及盖层的多种火山岩,单独区分出震积岩,认为该种类型岩石对油气储集具有重要意义。
2、对海相环境进一步探讨,发现海绿石、自生独居石及莓状黄铁矿等自生矿物组合,且在对应层段发现代表典型潮坪沉积的双粘土层构造,为黑龙江东部盆地群白垩纪发生海侵提供了矿物学和沉积学佐证。
3、通过对研究区5口钻井沉积相层序地层划分,划分出10个完整的全区可以对比的三级层序,尤其是层序SQ4在全区对比中最为典型,发育HST、TST及LST三个体系域,LST在可作为全区的对比标志层,为早白垩世早期全区为统一湖盆提供了新的证据。
4、识别出陆相和海相两大类沉积环境。陆相沉积环境进一步划分为曲流河三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相和湖泊相3种沉积相类型,并进一步识别出7种沉积亚相及16种沉积微相；海相沉积环境可进一步划分为滨海和浅海陆棚2种沉积相类型,海相沉积主要作为夹层位于白垩系不同层位,在平面图上由于不是优势相而未显示。
5、以“单因素分析多因素综合作图法”为方法论,在单剖面相分析基础上,选取地层厚度(m)、粗碎屑岩含量(%),砾岩含量(%)及煤和碳质页岩含量(%o)四个单因素,编制黑龙江东部盆地群城子河期和穆棱期的定量岩相古地理图,表明城子河期到穆棱期沉积演化具有继承性、发展性和阶段性三个显著特点。从城子河期到穆棱期是一个水体加深,湖盆扩大的过程,城子河组时期,形成了统一汇水盆地,但湖盆水深相对较浅,以三角洲为主的辫状河(曲流河)三角洲—滨浅湖相沉积体系为特征,并伴有海侵事件；穆棱期湖盆面积扩大,水体相对变深,以曲流河(辫状河)三角洲—滨浅湖—半深湖—湖底扇沉积体系为主。
6、综合研究岩相古地理演化、沉积相带展布、有机地化及储层物性指标析,确定鸡西盆地、三江绥滨凹陷和勃东地区为烃源岩和储集层发育的较有利相带。并提出勃东—前进—抚远坳陷应为半深湖—深湖相沉积,是潜在的有利油气勘查远景区,为下一步油气勘探部署提供科学依据和新的思路。
Baesd on the strategic requirement of energy resources, Daqing oilfield company purposed the target that "to find the oil and gas in peripheral and deep-seated of Daqing", and one of the key links is the oil and gas exploration for easten basins.
On the basis of lots of field investigation, region data analysis and previous researches, it was considered that the easten Heilongjiang basins was the south part of large Sanjiang—Xihuote basin in early Cretaceous. Therefore, this article is mainly upheld by the theory of sedimentology, using the firsthand quantitative information which was obtained from well drilling sections as a foothold. And it was also based on the analysis of petrology and sedimentary facies, using the single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method as its methodology. Combined with the regional geotectonic, the 1:500000 quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography map were made to predict the oil and gas prospect zone. The main cognitions and conclusions of this thesis are as follows:
1、It collected the materials of the well drilling section systematicly, and it also described 16 drilling wells in details to obtain the first hand datas of petrology and the partitioning standards of sedimentary facies. Rock types are complete and bedding structures are various. It contains many kinds of clastic rocks, such as conglomerate sandstones and mudstones. Coal measure strata are also abundant, many kinds of volcanic rocks which were used as reservoir and cover in this area. The seismites were distinguish alone which were considered to be significance to oil and gas reservoir.
2、According to further discussion on the marine environment, the authigenic mineral combinations of glauconite, authigenic monazite and framboid pyrite were found. And the typical tidal flat deposits with two-clay-layer structure are also found in the corresponding layers, which supplied mineralogical and sedimentology evidences to transgression in the cretaceous basins of eastern Hei Longjiang Province.
3、Based on the sequence analysis of 5 drilling wells in the study area,10 integrated third-order sequences were divided out, especially the sequence 4, which can be compared in all region and provide strong evidences of that the basins were unified in the early Cretaceous.
4、It also identify two major categories of continental and Marine sedimentary environments. Continental depositional environment are further divided into 3 types, they are meandering river delta, braided delta and lacustrine facies.Furthermore, it identifies 7 kinds of sedimentary sub-facies and 16 kinds of sedimentary micro-facies. Marine sedimentary environment can be further divided into 2 types, they are coastal and shallow shelf facies. Marine deposits were mainly regard as dissections which were located in different layers in the Cretaceous. Because of non-dominant facies, which were not display on planar graph.
5、Using the single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method, four single factors were selects (formation thickness(m), clastic percentage content(%), conglomerate percentage content (%) and coal and carbon shale content (‰)).to make the quantitative lithofacies and paleogeography maps of Muling period and Chengzihe periods were compiled. There are 3 distiguished characters of Inheritance, development and Staggered from Chengzihe period to Muling period. Form the period of Chengzihe to Muling, it is a water enhanced process. Muling period inherited Chengzihe period deposition, and continues to develop with its base. In the period of the Chengzihe formation, there already formed a unified basin, but the water depth relatively shallow, so that there fromed braidd delta (meandering delt) and shore-shallow lacustrine sedimentary system, accompanied by transgression events. The lake area of Muling period became larger, and water relatively gets deeper. Then it fromed a braidd delta (meandering delt)-shore-shallow lacustrine and semi-deep lake systems.
6、The comprehensive study on lithofacies and paleogeography evolution, sedimentary facies distribution and organic geochemical and reservoir properties analysis, defined that Jixi basin, the Sanjiang Suibin hollow and BoDong areas were the favorable facies belt of hydrocarbon source rocks and reservoir facies. It was purposed that BoDong-Qianjin-Fuyuan area was depocenter of the semi-deep lake-deep lake, all above should be the focus for further exploration zone.
引文
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