季风对大气颗粒物的输送与东海赤潮的潜在关系
摘要
本文将大气科学的数值诊断试验和生物地球化学研究方法有机的结合起来。利用NASA的OMI气溶胶资料、NCEP的再分析气象场资料和两个沿海城市的大气颗粒物(TSP)的室外采样和室内元素组成和形态分析资料,研究了2005和2006年季风对大气颗粒物的输送与诱发东海赤潮的潜在关系,研究发现：
1)南海夏季风暴发后的1～3周内,东海有一次赤潮过程,而且往往是当年的第一次赤潮；
2)2005和2006年,东海的每一次赤潮都与来自西北(冬季风的方向)的气溶胶向东海上空的输送和在赤潮海域的沉降密切相关；
3)对浙江省杭州和天台两城市的TSP的研究发现,元素在TSP的含量与浙江省的地壳丰度有很大的区别,说明样品有部分来自浙江以外的源地输入,推测可能是由冬季风带入；
4)TSP在海水中的形态分布为,Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co(海水中有可能成为限制性的金属元素)是以可溶交换态和碳酸盐氧化可还原态为主；在赤潮期间,铁在碳酸盐氧化可还原态,Zn在可溶交换态的含量在海水中的形态分布有所增加；
5)天然海水中的形态分布表明,铁在碳酸盐氧化可还原态的溶解量最大。在海洋中,能被生物利用的主要是可溶交换态和碳酸盐氧化可还原态,这说明铁和锌可为海洋生物提供可利用的成份,推测原因可能是在大气颗粒物中,连接两个内核的胶接物中的Fe等营养物质在海水中的溶解释放；
6)低层(850hPa)的西南气流为赤潮的发生提供有利的水动力条件；
7)最后给出了季风与东海赤潮之间关系的模型。
以上研究结果为揭示东海赤潮频发机理提供了新的信息,对评价季风对大气颗粒物中铁等营养元素的输送与近海海域环境与生态的影响具有重要的理论价值。
In this research, the numerical diagnosis examination on atmospheric science and the research method of biogeochemistry is associated together.
The relationships among red tide, monsoon and the aeolian dust input are investigated based on analyzing Aerosol Index (AI) data from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) provided by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), vertical velocity, horizontal flow field data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NECP) and red tides in the East China Sea (ECS) data. Elemental composition and chemical speciation in total suspended particulate (TSP) are further studied, which are collected from Hangzhou and Tiantai, Zhejiang Province. On the basis of analysis for the relationships, the major results are summarized as follows:
1) The first red tide of ECS often occurs after about 1-3 weeks when summer monsoon in the South China Sea broke out;
2) The all of red tide of ECS in 2005 and 2006 are associated with aeolian dust input brought winter monsoon, and their deposition in the areas where red tide occurs.
3) The elemental composition in total suspended particulate (TSP) is different from the crustal abundance of Zhejiang, it is speculated that a part of TSP may be brought by winter monsoon.
4) The main chemical speciation in sea water of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Co in TSP is soluble and exchangeable fraction, and carbonates, oxides and reducible pools, showing that these 5 metals in TSP is available for marine biota. The contents of soluble and exchangeable fraction and carbonates, oxides and reducible metals will increase when red tides appear in ECS.
5)Fe has the most enriched content in carbonates, oxides and reducible carbonates, oxides and reducible pools based on analyzing the chemical speciation of TSP in sea water. It is guessed that these nutriments consisting of Fe in the cement enwrapping inside crystal was released into sea water.
6) Summer monsoon (southerly or southwest wind) in Lower lay (850hPa) provides the hydrodynamic force condition for occurring red tide in ECS.
Finally, the model of relationship between monsoon and red tide is given.
1)南海夏季风暴发后的1～3周内,东海有一次赤潮过程,而且往往是当年的第一次赤潮；
2)2005和2006年,东海的每一次赤潮都与来自西北(冬季风的方向)的气溶胶向东海上空的输送和在赤潮海域的沉降密切相关；
3)对浙江省杭州和天台两城市的TSP的研究发现,元素在TSP的含量与浙江省的地壳丰度有很大的区别,说明样品有部分来自浙江以外的源地输入,推测可能是由冬季风带入；
4)TSP在海水中的形态分布为,Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co(海水中有可能成为限制性的金属元素)是以可溶交换态和碳酸盐氧化可还原态为主；在赤潮期间,铁在碳酸盐氧化可还原态,Zn在可溶交换态的含量在海水中的形态分布有所增加；
5)天然海水中的形态分布表明,铁在碳酸盐氧化可还原态的溶解量最大。在海洋中,能被生物利用的主要是可溶交换态和碳酸盐氧化可还原态,这说明铁和锌可为海洋生物提供可利用的成份,推测原因可能是在大气颗粒物中,连接两个内核的胶接物中的Fe等营养物质在海水中的溶解释放；
6)低层(850hPa)的西南气流为赤潮的发生提供有利的水动力条件；
7)最后给出了季风与东海赤潮之间关系的模型。
以上研究结果为揭示东海赤潮频发机理提供了新的信息,对评价季风对大气颗粒物中铁等营养元素的输送与近海海域环境与生态的影响具有重要的理论价值。
In this research, the numerical diagnosis examination on atmospheric science and the research method of biogeochemistry is associated together.
The relationships among red tide, monsoon and the aeolian dust input are investigated based on analyzing Aerosol Index (AI) data from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) provided by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), vertical velocity, horizontal flow field data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NECP) and red tides in the East China Sea (ECS) data. Elemental composition and chemical speciation in total suspended particulate (TSP) are further studied, which are collected from Hangzhou and Tiantai, Zhejiang Province. On the basis of analysis for the relationships, the major results are summarized as follows:
1) The first red tide of ECS often occurs after about 1-3 weeks when summer monsoon in the South China Sea broke out;
2) The all of red tide of ECS in 2005 and 2006 are associated with aeolian dust input brought winter monsoon, and their deposition in the areas where red tide occurs.
3) The elemental composition in total suspended particulate (TSP) is different from the crustal abundance of Zhejiang, it is speculated that a part of TSP may be brought by winter monsoon.
4) The main chemical speciation in sea water of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Co in TSP is soluble and exchangeable fraction, and carbonates, oxides and reducible pools, showing that these 5 metals in TSP is available for marine biota. The contents of soluble and exchangeable fraction and carbonates, oxides and reducible metals will increase when red tides appear in ECS.
5)Fe has the most enriched content in carbonates, oxides and reducible carbonates, oxides and reducible pools based on analyzing the chemical speciation of TSP in sea water. It is guessed that these nutriments consisting of Fe in the cement enwrapping inside crystal was released into sea water.
6) Summer monsoon (southerly or southwest wind) in Lower lay (850hPa) provides the hydrodynamic force condition for occurring red tide in ECS.
Finally, the model of relationship between monsoon and red tide is given.
引文
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