基于二维成像测井的裂缝性储层测井评价方法研究
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摘要
随着世界油气工业的发展,裂缝性储层参数计算和评价作为储量估算的重要基础,日益受到关注和重视。裂缝性储层孔隙空间呈现多样化,基质孔隙、裂缝孔隙和溶洞孔隙同时并存且在空间上分布极不均匀,具有极强的非均质性和各向异性。孔隙成因的复杂性和孔隙结构的复杂性导致Archie公式在裂缝性碳酸盐岩储集层应用受到限制,对不同孔隙类型的储层,其孔隙结构指数在量值上存在显著差异,并影响着含油饱和度的正确求解。为了便于对裂缝性储层进行测井评价,按照基质孔隙、连通缝洞孔隙和孤立孔洞孔隙等三种不同类型孔隙在储层中发育程度的不同,将碳酸盐岩储层孔隙模型分为双重孔隙模型和三重孔隙模型,在获取复合系统孔隙结构指数值的基础上,通过阿尔奇公式及其改进模型实现对储层含油饱和度的评价成为最基本的思路。在裂缝性储层中,裂缝的产状、发育程度、裂缝孔隙度大小等因素都对储层评价有着明显影响,但在以往的孔隙模型中,由于无法依据常规测井资料获取准确的裂缝倾角信息,因此均没有考虑裂缝倾角、裂缝孔隙曲折程度等因素带来的影响。为了更好的改善裂缝性储层的评价效果,以胜利油区车古潜山碳酸盐岩储层为靶区,借鉴Aguilera考虑双孔隙模型和三孔隙模型(2004)时的串并联导电思路,构建了基于裂缝与电流线夹角、连通缝洞孔隙曲折度、连通缝洞孔隙度等因素的新三孔隙度模型,并依据模型对不同角度情况下,连通缝洞曲折度、连通缝洞孔隙度、基质孔隙度、孤立孔洞孔隙度等因素对复合系统的孔隙结构指数的影响进行了考察。在此基础上,结合电成像处理的裂缝倾角等参数,对车古潜山碳酸盐岩储层进行了重新评价。研究结果表明,裂缝型、孔隙型、孔洞型、裂缝-孔隙型等不同的裂缝储层类型,其孔隙结构指数变化范围有所不同,该研究成果对于多重孔隙介质储层的评价有一定的指导和参考意义。m
More attentions should be focused on the fractured reservoirs parameters calculation and logging evaluation, which are an important basis for estimating reserves with the development of world oil and gas industry. Fracture reservoirs pore space is usually divided into threee types: matrix pores, fracture pores and vug pores. All these three kinds of pores space have strong inhomogeneous and anisotropy, so the Archie formula model is no longer applicable for the fractured reservoir. It shows a dramatically increased range of the m, n value in because of the complexity of pore genesis and pore structure in fractured reservoir. In order to realize the logging evaluation of fractured reservoir, we usual need to use the dual-pore structure model or tri-pore structure model to obtain the value of m, and seek a reasonable form of Archie's expansion to improve the calculation of water saturation. In the past, it is difficult to obtain the exactly fracture parameters form the conventional logging, so a lot of influence factors such as fracture dip and fracture tortuosity are not considered into the former pore structure models. A new tri-pore structure model is developed for petrophysical evaluation of naturally fractured reservoirs where dip of fractures ranges between 0 and 90 degrees, and where fracture tortuosity is greater than 1.0. The model leads to the observation that including fracture dip and tortuosity in the petrophysics analysis can generate significant changes in the composite system pore exponent(m). The single influent factor of composite system pore exponent m are studied, such as fracture tortuosity、fracture dip、fracture porosity、matrix poroity and non-connected porosity. Furthermore, logging data from Chegu Area in Shengli Oilfield are reprocessed to improve the saturation evaluation combining with the Archie model. It is concluded that different types of reservoirs (fracture typed、pore typed、fracture and vuggy typed、vug typed)have its own m value range. The result will be helpful to the logging evaluation of fractured and vuggy reservoirs.
More attentions should be focused on the fractured reservoirs parameters calculation and logging evaluation, which are an important basis for estimating reserves with the development of world oil and gas industry. Fracture reservoirs pore space is usually divided into threee types: matrix pores, fracture pores and vug pores. All these three kinds of pores space have strong inhomogeneous and anisotropy, so the Archie formula model is no longer applicable for the fractured reservoir. It shows a dramatically increased range of the m, n value in because of the complexity of pore genesis and pore structure in fractured reservoir. In order to realize the logging evaluation of fractured reservoir, we usual need to use the dual-pore structure model or tri-pore structure model to obtain the value of m, and seek a reasonable form of Archie's expansion to improve the calculation of water saturation. In the past, it is difficult to obtain the exactly fracture parameters form the conventional logging, so a lot of influence factors such as fracture dip and fracture tortuosity are not considered into the former pore structure models. A new tri-pore structure model is developed for petrophysical evaluation of naturally fractured reservoirs where dip of fractures ranges between 0 and 90 degrees, and where fracture tortuosity is greater than 1.0. The model leads to the observation that including fracture dip and tortuosity in the petrophysics analysis can generate significant changes in the composite system pore exponent(m). The single influent factor of composite system pore exponent m are studied, such as fracture tortuosity、fracture dip、fracture porosity、matrix poroity and non-connected porosity. Furthermore, logging data from Chegu Area in Shengli Oilfield are reprocessed to improve the saturation evaluation combining with the Archie model. It is concluded that different types of reservoirs (fracture typed、pore typed、fracture and vuggy typed、vug typed)have its own m value range. The result will be helpful to the logging evaluation of fractured and vuggy reservoirs.
引文
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