红外微波兼容材料的制备及性能研究
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摘要
本文对红外和微波的机理进行了概述,由红外和微波的作用机理可知单一材料体系很难实现红外微波兼容,所以本文将以复合涂层体系为出发点,即分为吸波部分、控温(热红外)部分及低红外发射部分,分别针对各个部分进行了红外微波兼容性能的研究,在保留其主要性能指标的同时尽可能提高其另一性能,并探索了复合涂层的兼容特性。主要研究内容如下：
1、采用离子交换热解法制备了碳包覆单一金属及复合金属纳米颗粒,在对前驱体的热解特征、热解产物的表面形貌、微观结构等进行表征以及对热解产物红外微波性能的研究中发现：通过该方法制备的样品中金属纳米颗粒分散性较好；前驱体的热解过程主要发生在150℃-500℃,最佳热解温度为600℃；碳包覆磁性纳米粒子具有一定的微波特性,其中Fe/C的微波性能较好,在涂层厚度为2.5mm时,在14GHz附近,Rmin为-5.6dB；碳包覆铜纳米颗粒在8-14μm波段的红外发射率较好,约为0.7左右；引入非磁性的低红外辐射金属后,Fe&Cu/C的红外性能有所改善,在温度为100℃时,发射率下降了0.06,且保留了其微波性能。
2、通过微乳液聚合的方法首次将改性后的铁氧体掺杂到相变微胶囊中,制备出了具有磁性的相变微胶囊；通过对制备工艺的分析以及其红外微波兼容性能的研究发现：本实验采用水溶性引发剂,乳化剂用量在为1wt%时得到的胶囊形态较好；有效地防止因石蜡固-液相变而引起的石蜡和铁氧体的泄漏,以及铁氧体与石蜡分层；具有磁性的相变微胶囊可有效的遮蔽目标的红外辐射,即通过控制目标表面温度,控制目标的发射率,表面最大温差达10℃左右,其表面发射率降低了0.2左右；而且该胶囊具有一定的微波吸收特性,实现了对第一部分的微波补偿。
3、本文发现硅纳米晶超晶格薄膜有较好的红外性能。在对不同周期、不同硅纳米晶颗粒尺寸的样品研究中发现：硅纳米晶超晶格薄膜的红外发射率受超晶格周期及硅纳米晶尺寸的影响较大,当超晶格周期为25周期,硅纳米晶颗粒尺寸为4nm时,红外发射率最低可达到0.324；通过研究其机理发现：硅纳米晶超晶格薄膜的红外发射率较低主要是由nc-Si颗粒形成粗糙的表面导致漫反射较高引起的。
4、通过对碳包覆金属与微胶囊复合涂层进行吸波和热红外测试,探索复合后涂层具有微波吸收性能和热红外性能；并分析了复合层的微波机理,为下一步工作提供了理论依据。
This paper explained the principle of infrared camouflage and radar camouflage, according to influencing factors of infrared stealth, several material-systems were-selected to study the infrared microwave compatibility.
First, in this paper, the method of resin pyrolysis was chosen to prepare carbon-coated single metal and composite metal nano-particles. Through the performance and mechanism analysis, it was found that the dispersion of metal nanoparticles was better; pyrolysis process mainly occurred in the 150℃-500℃. In the 8-14μm the infrared emissivity of Cu/C was better, the emissivity value is around 0.7. Microwave performance of Fe/C is better, when the coating thickness is 2.5mm, in the 14GHz, the Rmin is-5.6dB.
Secondly, in this paper, the method of microemulsion polymerization was used to prepare magnetic phase-change microcapsulats. The ferrite, which was modificatd, was doped in the phase-change micro-capsules, for the first time. It was found that the water-soluble initiator is better, and when the amount of emulsifier was the lwt%, the capsule form is better. The infrared radiation of targets can be effectively shielded by the magnetic micro-phase change capsules, so that the infrared emissivity value could be controled, which was about 0.6.
Third, it is found that nc-Si superlattice films have a better IR performance for the first time. The infrared properties of nc-Si superlattice films was mainly due to the formation of a rough surface caused by diffuse reflection; when the superlattice period was 25 and the particle size was 4nm, he emissivity value is around 0.324, when the size of nc-Si is 4 nm.
Fourth, microwave absorption properties and thermal infrared properties were explored, and the mechanism of composite layer for further provided a theoretical basis was analyzed.
1、采用离子交换热解法制备了碳包覆单一金属及复合金属纳米颗粒,在对前驱体的热解特征、热解产物的表面形貌、微观结构等进行表征以及对热解产物红外微波性能的研究中发现：通过该方法制备的样品中金属纳米颗粒分散性较好；前驱体的热解过程主要发生在150℃-500℃,最佳热解温度为600℃；碳包覆磁性纳米粒子具有一定的微波特性,其中Fe/C的微波性能较好,在涂层厚度为2.5mm时,在14GHz附近,Rmin为-5.6dB；碳包覆铜纳米颗粒在8-14μm波段的红外发射率较好,约为0.7左右；引入非磁性的低红外辐射金属后,Fe&Cu/C的红外性能有所改善,在温度为100℃时,发射率下降了0.06,且保留了其微波性能。
2、通过微乳液聚合的方法首次将改性后的铁氧体掺杂到相变微胶囊中,制备出了具有磁性的相变微胶囊；通过对制备工艺的分析以及其红外微波兼容性能的研究发现：本实验采用水溶性引发剂,乳化剂用量在为1wt%时得到的胶囊形态较好；有效地防止因石蜡固-液相变而引起的石蜡和铁氧体的泄漏,以及铁氧体与石蜡分层；具有磁性的相变微胶囊可有效的遮蔽目标的红外辐射,即通过控制目标表面温度,控制目标的发射率,表面最大温差达10℃左右,其表面发射率降低了0.2左右；而且该胶囊具有一定的微波吸收特性,实现了对第一部分的微波补偿。
3、本文发现硅纳米晶超晶格薄膜有较好的红外性能。在对不同周期、不同硅纳米晶颗粒尺寸的样品研究中发现：硅纳米晶超晶格薄膜的红外发射率受超晶格周期及硅纳米晶尺寸的影响较大,当超晶格周期为25周期,硅纳米晶颗粒尺寸为4nm时,红外发射率最低可达到0.324；通过研究其机理发现：硅纳米晶超晶格薄膜的红外发射率较低主要是由nc-Si颗粒形成粗糙的表面导致漫反射较高引起的。
4、通过对碳包覆金属与微胶囊复合涂层进行吸波和热红外测试,探索复合后涂层具有微波吸收性能和热红外性能；并分析了复合层的微波机理,为下一步工作提供了理论依据。
This paper explained the principle of infrared camouflage and radar camouflage, according to influencing factors of infrared stealth, several material-systems were-selected to study the infrared microwave compatibility.
First, in this paper, the method of resin pyrolysis was chosen to prepare carbon-coated single metal and composite metal nano-particles. Through the performance and mechanism analysis, it was found that the dispersion of metal nanoparticles was better; pyrolysis process mainly occurred in the 150℃-500℃. In the 8-14μm the infrared emissivity of Cu/C was better, the emissivity value is around 0.7. Microwave performance of Fe/C is better, when the coating thickness is 2.5mm, in the 14GHz, the Rmin is-5.6dB.
Secondly, in this paper, the method of microemulsion polymerization was used to prepare magnetic phase-change microcapsulats. The ferrite, which was modificatd, was doped in the phase-change micro-capsules, for the first time. It was found that the water-soluble initiator is better, and when the amount of emulsifier was the lwt%, the capsule form is better. The infrared radiation of targets can be effectively shielded by the magnetic micro-phase change capsules, so that the infrared emissivity value could be controled, which was about 0.6.
Third, it is found that nc-Si superlattice films have a better IR performance for the first time. The infrared properties of nc-Si superlattice films was mainly due to the formation of a rough surface caused by diffuse reflection; when the superlattice period was 25 and the particle size was 4nm, he emissivity value is around 0.324, when the size of nc-Si is 4 nm.
Fourth, microwave absorption properties and thermal infrared properties were explored, and the mechanism of composite layer for further provided a theoretical basis was analyzed.
引文
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