生长转化因子TGF-β1基因转染对大鼠脂肪干细胞的影响
摘要
目的：在明确转化生长因子β(TGF-β)诱导脂肪干细胞(ADSCs)向软骨组织细胞分化作用的基础上；基于转基因技术实现ADSCs的TGF-β1基因修饰,研究TGF-β1在ADSCs内表达对其分化的作用,阐明其成为理想软骨组织工程种子细胞价值。
方法：运用TGF-β1重组腺病毒转染ADSCs,研究ADSCs表达TGF-β1诱导其向软骨组织分化作用的影响。
结果：1.转染后ADSCs中软骨形成相关基因的表达情况RT-PCR检测结果显示CollagenⅠ, CollagenⅡ, CollagenⅩ, Aggrecan在转染后的ADSCs细胞中明显表达增高,而ALP, PPARγ2则没有变化。
2.GAG含量检测：TGF-β1基因转染的ADSCs中表达的GAG含量,随着转染时间的增加也显著增加。第5,10天时,细胞内的GAG含量与对照相比显著增加(p<0.01)。而第10天的GAG含量较第5天也显著增加(p<0.01)。
3.细胞免疫组化：TGF-β1基因转染的ADSCs, CollagenⅡ和Aggrecan的染色均为阳性。
结论：1.TGF-β1基因转染ADSCs内CollagenⅠ, CollagenⅡ, CollagenⅩ, Aggrecan表达明显增高,诱导其向软骨组织分化。2.TGF-β1基因转染ADSCs具有成为理想软骨组织工程种子细胞价值。
Objective:On the basis of the fact that TGF-βinducing differentiation of ADSCs to cartilaginous tissues, we use transgenic technology to modificate ADSCs with TGF-β1 gene to study effect of TGF-β1 on ADSCs differentiation and elucidate its value to be seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.
Methods:Use recombinant TGF-β1 adenovirus to transfect ADSCs,we study effect of TGF-β1 in ADSCs on inducing differentiation of ADSCs to be cartilaginous tissues.
Results:1.RT-PCR shows that expression of CollagenⅠ,CollagenⅡ,CollagenⅩ,Aggrecan in TGF-β1 gene transferring ADSCs increased significantly,while ALP, PPARγ2 didn t change.
2.Expression of GAG in TGF-β1 gene transferring ADSCs increased as transfection time going on.On the fifth and tenth days, the GAG content in ADSCs increased significantly compared with the control(p<0.01). GAG content on the tenth day increased significantly compared with the fifth day(p<0.01).
3. CollagenⅡand Aggrecan staining were positive in TGF-β1 gene transferring ADSCs.
Conclusions:1.Expression of CollagenⅠ,CollagenⅡ,CollagenⅩ,Aggrecan in TGF-β1 gene transferring ADSCs increased significantly,inducing differentiation of ADSCs to cartilaginous tissues.
2.TGF-β1 gene transferring ADSCs have the value to be seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.
方法：运用TGF-β1重组腺病毒转染ADSCs,研究ADSCs表达TGF-β1诱导其向软骨组织分化作用的影响。
结果：1.转染后ADSCs中软骨形成相关基因的表达情况RT-PCR检测结果显示CollagenⅠ, CollagenⅡ, CollagenⅩ, Aggrecan在转染后的ADSCs细胞中明显表达增高,而ALP, PPARγ2则没有变化。
2.GAG含量检测：TGF-β1基因转染的ADSCs中表达的GAG含量,随着转染时间的增加也显著增加。第5,10天时,细胞内的GAG含量与对照相比显著增加(p<0.01)。而第10天的GAG含量较第5天也显著增加(p<0.01)。
3.细胞免疫组化：TGF-β1基因转染的ADSCs, CollagenⅡ和Aggrecan的染色均为阳性。
结论：1.TGF-β1基因转染ADSCs内CollagenⅠ, CollagenⅡ, CollagenⅩ, Aggrecan表达明显增高,诱导其向软骨组织分化。2.TGF-β1基因转染ADSCs具有成为理想软骨组织工程种子细胞价值。
Objective:On the basis of the fact that TGF-βinducing differentiation of ADSCs to cartilaginous tissues, we use transgenic technology to modificate ADSCs with TGF-β1 gene to study effect of TGF-β1 on ADSCs differentiation and elucidate its value to be seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.
Methods:Use recombinant TGF-β1 adenovirus to transfect ADSCs,we study effect of TGF-β1 in ADSCs on inducing differentiation of ADSCs to be cartilaginous tissues.
Results:1.RT-PCR shows that expression of CollagenⅠ,CollagenⅡ,CollagenⅩ,Aggrecan in TGF-β1 gene transferring ADSCs increased significantly,while ALP, PPARγ2 didn t change.
2.Expression of GAG in TGF-β1 gene transferring ADSCs increased as transfection time going on.On the fifth and tenth days, the GAG content in ADSCs increased significantly compared with the control(p<0.01). GAG content on the tenth day increased significantly compared with the fifth day(p<0.01).
3. CollagenⅡand Aggrecan staining were positive in TGF-β1 gene transferring ADSCs.
Conclusions:1.Expression of CollagenⅠ,CollagenⅡ,CollagenⅩ,Aggrecan in TGF-β1 gene transferring ADSCs increased significantly,inducing differentiation of ADSCs to cartilaginous tissues.
2.TGF-β1 gene transferring ADSCs have the value to be seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.
引文
1 Curl WW, Krome J, Gordon S,et al. Cartilage injuries:a review of 31,516 knee Arthroscopies. Arthroscopy 1997;13:456-60.
2 Aglieti P, Buzzi R, Bassi PB, et al. Athroscopic drilling in juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral chondyle. Athroscopy 1994;10:286-91.
3 Adams ME. An analysis of clinical studies of the use of cross linked hyaluronan, hylan in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Rheumatol.1993;39:16-18.
4 杨万波.关节软骨组织工程学研究进展.中国矫形外科杂志,2003；11：1387-89.
5 黄伟春,张燕,杨洪义.软骨组织工程进展国外医学生物医学工程分册,1999；22：270-76.
6 Van Susante JLC, Pieper J, Buma P, et al. "Linkage of chondroitin sulfate to type I collagen scaffolds stimulates the bioactivity of seeded chondrocytes in vitro Biomatrials,2001;22:2359-69.
7 陈际达,曹文灵,王远亮.软骨组织工程.国外医学生物医学工程分册,2001；24：16-19.
8 Gazit D, Turgeman G, Kelley P, et al. Engineered pluripoten mesenchymal cells in integrate and differentiate in regenerating bone:a novel cell mediated gene therapy. Gene Med,1999;1:121-33.
9 Zuk PA, Zhu Min, Mizuno H, et al. Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue:implication for cell. Based therapies. Tissue Engineering.2001;7:211-27.
10 Rangappa S, Fen C, Lee Eli, et al. Transformation of adult mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the fatty tissue into cardiomyocytes. Ann Thorac Surg,2003;75:775-79.
11 Erickson GR, Gimble JM, Franklin DM, et al. Chondrogenic potentials of adipose tissue-derived strom cells in vitro and in vivo. Biochem and Biophys Res Com. 2002;290:763-69.
12 Hunziker EB, Driesang IM, Morris EA. Chondrogenesis in cartilage repair is induced by members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. CI in Orthop 2001;18:171-81.
13 Van den Berg W, Van den Kraan P, Scharstuhl A, et al.Growth factors and cartilage repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res,2001;12:244-50.
14 Tara L, Agbaloo, Peter K, et al. Investigation of platelet-rich plasma in rabbit cranial defects:a pilot study. Oral Maxillofac Surg,2002;60:1176-81.
15 Boumediene K, Felisaz N, Pujol JP. Cell-cycle-dependent expression of transforming growth factor-P type I receptor correlates with differential proliferative effects of TGF-P in articular chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res, 1998;243:173-84.
16 Huang Jl, Zuk PA, Jones NF, et al. Chondrogenic potential of multipotential cells from human adipose tissue. Plast and Reconstr Surg.2004; 113:585-94.
17 THolpady SS, Katz AJ, Ogle RC. Mesenchymal stem cells from rat visceral fat exhibit multilzlotential differentiation in vitro. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol.2003;272:398-02.
18 Langer R, Vacanti JP. Tissue engineering.Science,1993;260:920-26.
19 Van Osch GJ, Van der Veen SW, Verwoerd Verhoef HL. In vitro rediffcrentiation of culture expanded rabbit and human auricular chondrocytes for cartilage reconstructio. Plast Reconstr Surg,2001; 107:433-35.
20 Minas T, Nehrer S. Current concepts in the treatment of articular cartilage defects.Orthopedics.1997;20:525-38.
21 Aglieti P, Buzzi R, Bassi P B, et al.Athroscopic drilling in juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral chondyle. Athroscopy 1994; 10:286-91.
22 Moran ME, Kim HK, Wand Salter RB. Biological resurfacing of full-thickness defects in patellar articular cartilage of the rabbit:Investigation of autogenous periosteal grafts subjected to continous passive motion. Bone Joint Surg 1992;74:659-67.
23 Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell.2006, 126:663-676.
24 Young FE. A time for restraint. Science.2000,287:1424.
25 Lenoir N. Europe confronts the embryonic stem cell research challenge. Science. 2000,287:1425-1427.
26 Verfaillie CM. Adult stem cells:assessing the case for pluripotency. Trends Cell Biol.2002,12:502-508.
27 Toma JG, McKenzie IA, Bagli D, et al. Isolation and characterization of multipotent skin-derived precursors from human skin. Stem Cells.2005, 23:727-37.
28 Cornelius P, MacDougald OA, Lane MD. Regulation of adipocyte development. Annu Rev Nutr.1994,14:99-129.
29 Weissman IL. Translating stem and progenitor cell biology to the clinic:barriers and opportunities. Science,2000;287:1442-46.
30 Gimble JM. Adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Expert Opin Biol Ther.2003, 3:705-713.
31 Gimble JM, Katz AJ, Bunnel BA. Adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medicine. Circ Res 2007,100:1249-1260.
32 Kitagawa Y, Korobi M, Toriyama K, et al. History of discovery of human adipose-derived stem cells and their clinical application. Jpn J Plast Reconstr Surg.2006,49:1097-1104.
33 Fraser JK, Wulur I, Alfonso Z, et al. Fat tissue:an underappreciated source of stem cells for biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol.2006,24:150-154.
34 Sally RF, Pierre BS, Babak JM, et al. Transforming growth factor beta superfamily members:Role in cartilage modeling. Plast Resconstr Surg 2000;105:980-90.
35 Zuk PA, Zhu M, AShjian P, et al. Human adipose tissue is a sourse of multipotent stem cells. Mol Bio Cell.2002; 13:4279-95.
36 Guilak F, Lott KE, Awad HA, et al. Clonal analysis of the differentiation potential of human adipose-derived adult stem cells. J Cell Physiol.2006,206(1):229-37.
37 Gronthos S, Franklin DM, Leddy HA, et al. Surface protein characterization of humanadipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Cell Physiol.2001; 189:54-63.
38 Guilak F, Lott KE, Awad HA, et al. Clonal analysis of the differentiation potential of human adipose-derived adult stem cells. J Cell Physiol.2006,206(l):229-37.
39 Gronthos S, Franklin DM, Leddy HA, et al. Surface protein characterization of humanadipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Cell Physiol.2001; 189:54-63.
40 Im GI, Shin YW, Lee KB. Do adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells have the same osteogenic and chondrogenic potential as bone marrow-derived cells? Osteoarthritis Cartilage.2005;13:845-53.
41 ZhuYX, Song KD, Liu TQ, et al. Collagen-chitosan polymeric scaffolds for in vitro culture of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Res.2007;11:6155-60.
42 余方圆,卢世璧,袁玫,等.脂肪干细胞向软骨细胞方向诱导的初步研究。中国矫形外科杂志。2004;12：25-28.
43 Jerry I, Huang BS, Patdcia A, Zuk, et al. Chondrogenic Potential of Multipoten-tial Cells from Human Adipose Tissue. Plastic and reconstructive surgery.2004;12:585-94.
44 Preeti Malladi, Yue Xu, Michael Chiou, et al. Effect of reduced Oxygen tension on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in adipose-derived mesenchymal cells. Plast Reconstr Surg.2006;15:123-28.
45 Steinert A, Weber M, Dimmler A, et al. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells encapsulated in ultrahigh viscosity alginate. Orthop Res.2003;21:1090-97.
46 Yoo JU, Barthel TS, Nishimura K, et al. The chondrogenic potential of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Bone Joint Surg Am.1998;80:1745-57.
47 夏万尧.组织工程化软骨组织形成的最佳细胞浓度和最佳形成时间的实验研究。中国修复重建外科杂志。1999；13：244.
48 Worster AA, Nixon AJ, Brower Toland BD, et al. Effect of transforming growth factor β 1 on chondrogenic differentiation of cultured equine mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Vet Res,2000;61:1003-10.
49 Longobardi L, O'Rear L, Aakula S, et al. Effect of IGF-I in the chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the presence or absence of TGF-β signaling. Bone Miner Res.2006;21:626-36.
50 Eppley BL, Woodell JE, Higgins J. Platelet quantification and growth factor analysis from platelet-rich plasma:implications for wound healing. Plast Reconstr Surg.2004;114:1502-08.
51 Sally RF, Pierre BS, Babak JM, et al. Transforming growth factor beta superfamily members:Role in cartilage modeling. Plast Resconstr Surg. 2000;105:980-99.
52 Erlebacher A, Filvaroff EH, Ye JQ, et al. Osteoblastic responses to TGF-β during bone remodeling. Mol Biol Cell.1998;9:1903-18.
53 Noda M, Rodan GA. Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta) regulation of alkaline phosphatase expression and other phenotype-related mRNAs in osteoblastic rat osteosarcoma cells. Cell Physiol 1987; 133:426-37.
54 Joyce ME, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, et al. Transforming growth factor-β and the initiation of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the rat femur. Cell Biol. 1990;110:2195-07.
55 Kratchmarova I, Blagoev B, Haack-Sorensen M, et al. Mechanism of divergent growth factor effects in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Science. 2005;308:1472-77.
56 Fukumoto T, Sperling Jw, SanyalA, et al. Combined effects of insulin-like growth factor-β 1 and transforming growth factor-β 1 on periosteal mesenchymal cells during chondrogenesis in vitro. Osteoarthritis Cartilage.2003;11:55-64.
57 Tat suyama K, Maezawa Y, Baba H, et al. Expression of various growth factors for cell proliferation and cytodifferentiation during fracture repair of bone. Eur J Histochem.2000;44 (3):269-78.
58 Van den Berg W, Van den Kraan P, Scharstuhl A, et al. Growth factors and cartilage repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res.2001;19:244-25.
59 Awad HA, Halvorsen YD, Gimble JM, et al. Effects of transforming growth factor β 1 and dexamethasone on the growth of chondrogenic differentiation of adipose derived stromal cells. Tissue Eng.2003;9:1301-12.
60 郭常安,陈峥嵘.转基因技术在骨关节疾病研究中的应用.国外医学骨科学分册2002；23：155-60.
61窦立萍,达万明,王畅等KirZds4基因RNAI慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定.中国实验血液学杂志.2008,16(3)：663-666.
62谢书阳,张敬之,任兆瑞.慢病毒载体与造血干细胞介导的基因治疗.中国生物工程杂志.2004,24(10)：5-8.
63 Meyerrose TE, Roberts M, Ohlemiler KK, et al. Lentiviral-transduced human mesenchymal stem cells persistently express therapeutic levels of enzyme in a xenotransplantation model of human disease. Stem Cells.2008, 26(7):1713-1722.
1. Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell.2006, 126:663-676.
2. Young FE. A time for restraint. Science.2000,287:1424.
3. Lenoir N. Europe confronts the embryonic stem cell research challenge. Science. 2000,287:1425-1427.
4. Ferrari G, Cusella-De Angelis G, Colttta M, et al. Muscle regeneration by bne marrow-derived myogenic progenitors. Science.1998,279:1528-1530.
5. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science.1999,284:143-147.
6. Woodbury D, Schwarz EJ, Prockop DJ, et al. Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiation into neurons. J Neurusci Res.2000,61:364-370.
7. Verfaillie CM. Adult stem cells:assessing the case for pluripotency. Trends Cell Biol。 2002,12:502-508.
8. Toma JG, McKenzie IA, Bagli D, et al. Isolation and characterization of multipotent skin-derived precursors from human skin. Stem Cells.2005, 23:727-37.
9. Cornelius P, MacDougald OA, Lane MD. Regulation of adipocyte development. Annu Rev Nutr.1994,14:99-129.
10. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Mizuno H, et al. Multi-lineage cells from human adipose tissue: implication for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng.2001,7:211-228.
11. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, et al. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cell. Mol Biol Cell.2002,13:4279-4295.
12. Chen JH, Enloe BM, Weybright P, et al. Biochemical correlates of thiazolidinedione-induced adipocyte differentiation by highresolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med.2002,48:602-610.
13. Tontonoz P, Singer S, Forman BM, et al. Terminal differentiation of human liposarcoma cells induced by ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the retinoid X receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci.1997, 94:237-241.
14. Prunet-Marcassus B, Cousin B, Caton D, et al. From heterogeneity to plasticity in adipose tissues:site-specific differences. Exp Cell Res.2006,312:727-736.
15. Yamada Y, Wang XD, Yokoyama S, et al. Cardiac progenitor cells in brown adipose tissue repaired damaged myocardium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006,342:662-670.
16. Yamada Y, Yokoyama S, Wang XD, et al. Cardiac stem cells in brown adipose tissue express CD 133 and induce bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells.2007,25:1326-1333.
17. Izadpanah R, Trygg C, Patel B, et al. Biologic properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue. J Cell Biochem.2006, 99:1285-1297.
18. Kern S, Eichler H, Stoeve J, et al. Comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, or adipose tissue. Stem Cells. 2006,24:1294-1301.
19. Gimble JM. Adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Expert Opin Biol Ther.2003, 3:705-713.
20. Gimble JM, Katz AJ, Bunnel BA. Adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medicine. Circ Res 2007,100:1249-1260.
21. Kitagawa Y, Korobi M, Toriyama K, et al. History of discovery of human adipose-derived stem cells and their clinical application. Jpn J Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006,49:1097-1104.
22. Fraser JK, Wulur I, Alfonso Z, et al. Fat tissue:an underappreciated source of stem cells for biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol.2006,24:150-154.
23.雷华,李青峰.脂肪干细胞的研究进展.中华整形外科杂志.2003,19(6).
24. Guilak F, Lott KE, Awad HA, et al. Clonal analysis of the differentiation potential of human adipose-derived adult stem cells. J Cell Physiol.2006,206(l):229-37.
25. Mitchell JB, McIntosh K, Zvonic S, et al. The immunophenotype of human adipose derived cells:temporal changers in stromal-and stem cell-associated markers. Stem Cells.2006,24:376-385.
26. Chiou M, Xu Y, Longaker MT. Mitogenic and chondrogenic effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 in adipose-derived mesenchymal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2006,343:644-652.
27. Jeon ES, Song HY, Kim MR, et al. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine induces proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells via activation of JNK. J Lipid Res.2006,47:653-664.
28. Kang YJ, Jeon ES, Song HY, et al. Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem.2005,95:1135-1145.
29. Song HY, Jeon ES, Jung JS, et al. Oncostatin M induces proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol.2005, 37:2357-2365.
30. Rubio D, Garcia-Castro J, Martin MC, et al. Spontaneous human adult stem cell transformation. Cancer Res.2005,65:3035-3039.
31. Gronthos S, Franklin DM, Leddy HA, et al. Surface protein characterization of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. J Cell Physiol.2001,189:54-63.
32. Zhu H, Mitsuhashi N, Klein A, et al. The role of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 in mesenchymal stem cell migration in the extra-cellularmatrix. Stem Cells.2006,24 (4):928-935.
33. Cheng C, Sharp PA. Regulation of CD44 alternative splicing by SRm160 and its potential role in tumor cell invasion. Mol Cell Biol.2006,26 (1):362-370.
34. Lee RH, Kim B, Choi I, et al. Characterization and expression analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and adipose tissue. Cell Physiol Biochem.2004,14:311-324.
35. Strem BM, Hicok KC, Zhu M, et al. Multipotential differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Keio J Med.2005,54(3):132-141.
36. PeisterA, Mellad JA, Larson BL, et al. Adult stem cells from bone marrow (MSCs) isolated from different strains of inbred mice vary in surface epitopes, rates of proliferation, and differentiation potential. Blood.2003,103 (5):1662-1668.
37. Wall ME, Bernacki SH, Loboa EG, et al. Effects of serial passaging on the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of adipose derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng.2007,13:1291-1298.
38. Kakudo N, Shimotsuma A, Kusumoto K, et al. Fibroblast growth factor-2 stimulates adipogenic differentiation of human adiposederived stem cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2007,359:239-244.
39. Pasarica M, Mashtalir N, McAllister EJ, et al. Adipogenic human adenovirus Ad-36 induces commitment, differentiation, and lipid accumulation in human adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cells.2008,26:969-978.
40. Mizuno H, Hyakusoku H. Mesengenic potential and future clinical perspective of human proces sed lipoaspirate cells. J Nippon Med Sch.2003,70(4):300-306.
41. Lee JA, Parrett BM, Conejero JA, et al. Biological alchemy:engineering bone and fat from fat-derived stem cells. Ann Plast Surg.2003,50:610-617.
42. Hanson AD, Marvel SW, Bernacki SH, et al. Osteogenic effects of rest inserted and continuous cyclic tensile strain on hASC lines with disparate osteodifferentiation capabilities. Ann Biomed Eng.2009,37:955-965.
43. Al-Salleeh F, Beatty MW, Reinhardt RA, et al. Human osteogenic protein-1 induces osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells harvested from mice. Arch Oral Biol.2008,53:928-936.
44. Quarto N, Longaker MT, et al. Differential expression of specific FGF ligands and receptor isoforms during osteogenic differentiation of mouse adipose-derived stem cells (mASCs) recapitulates the in vivo osteogenic pattern. Gene.2008, 424:130-140.
45. Grewal NS, Gabbay JS, Ashley RK, et al. BMP-2 does not influence the osteogenic fate of human adipose-derived stem cells. Plast Reconstr Surg.2009, 123:158-165.
46. Aksu AE, Rubin JP, Jason R, et al. Role of gender and anatomical region on induction of osteogenic differentiation of human adiposederived stem cells. Ann Plast Surg.2008,60:306-322.
47. Ogawa R, Mizuno H, Hyakusoku H, et al. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells isolated from GFP transgenic mice. J Nippon Med Sch.2004,71(4):240-241.
48. Huang JI, Zuk PA, Jones NF, et al. Chondrogenic potential of multipotential cells from human adipose tissue. Plast Reconstr Surg.2004,113(2):585-594.
49. Wei Y, Hu Y, Lv R, et al. Regulation of adipose-derived adult stem cells differentiating into chondrocytes with the use of rhBMP-2. Cytotherapy.2006, 8:570-579.
50. Estes BT, Wu AW, Guilak F. Potent induction of chondrocytic differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells by bone morphogenetic protein 6. Arthritis Rheum.2006,54:1222-1232.
51. Hennig T, Lorenz H, Thiel A, et al. Reduced chondrogenic potential of adipose tissue derived stromal cells correlates with an altered TGF-beta receptor and BMP profile and is overcome by BMP-6. J Cell Physiol.2007,211:682-691.
52. Betre H, Ong SR, Guilak F et al. Chondrocytic differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells in elastin-like polypeptide. Biomaterials.2006, 27:91-99.
53. Jin X, Sun Y, Zhang K, et al. Ectopic neocartilage formation from predifferentiated human adipose derived stem cells induced by adenoviral-mediated transfer of hTGF-beta2. Biomaterials.2007,28:2994-3003.
54. Xu Y, Balloch G, Chiou M, et al. Analysis of the material properties of early chondrogenic differentiated adipose-derived stem cells using an in vitro three dimensional micromass culture system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2007, 359:311-316.
55. DeUgarte DA, Morizono K, Elbarbary A, et al. Comparison of multi-lineage cells from human adipose tissue and bone marrow. Cells Tissues Organs.2003,174 (3):101-109.
56. Winter A, Breit S, Parsch D, et al. Cartilage-like gene expression in differentiated human stem cell spheroids:a comparison of bone marrow-derived and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Arthritis Rheum.2003,48(2):418-429.
57. Cui L, Wu Y, Cen L, et al. Repair of articular cartilage defect in non-weight bearing areas using adipose derived stem cells loaded polyglycolic acid mesh. Biomaterials.2009,30(14):2683-2693.
58. Romanov YA, Darevskaya AN, Merzlikina NV, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and adipose tissue:Isolation, characterization, and differentiation potentialities. Bull Exp Biol Med.2005,140:138-143.
59. Woodbury D, Schwarz EJ, Prockop DJ, et al. Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neurons. J Neurosci Res.2000,61(4):364-370.
60. Dezawa M, Takahashi I, Esakim, et al. Sciaticn in nerve regeneration in rats induced by transplantation of in vitro differentiated bone marrow stromal cells. Eurn J Neurosci.2001,14:1771-1776.
61. Dezawa M, Takahashi I, Esakim, et al. Central and Prepheral nerve regeneration by transplantation of Schwann cells and transdifferentiated bone marrow stromal cells. Anat Sci Int.2002,77(1):12-25.
62.候赛云,朱家恺.大鼠骨髓基质干细胞体外诱导分化为类雪旺细胞.中华显微外科杂志.2003,26(1)：39-41.
63.候赛云,朱家恺.经诱导的骨髓基质干细胞应用于组织工程化人工神经的实验研究.中华显微外科杂志.2003,26(2)：112-115.
64. Safford KM, Safford SD, Gimble JM, et al. Characterization of neuronal/glial differentiation of routine adipose-derived adult stromal cells. Exp Neurol.2004, 187(2):319-328.
65. Lin YF, Chen XZ, Yan ZB, et al. Multilineage differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells from GFP transgenic mice. Published online:14 February 2006.
66. Kang SK, Putnam LA, Ylostalo J, et al. Neurogenesis of Rhesus adipose stromal cells. J Cell Science.2004,117(22):4289-4299.
67. Safford KM, Hicok KC, Safford SD, et al. Neurogenic differentiation of murine and human adipose-derived stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2002, 294(2):371-379.
68. Planat-Benard V, Silvestre JS, Cousin B, et al. Plasticity of human adipose lineage cells toward endothelial cells:physiological and therapeutic perspectives. Circulation.2004,109(5):656-663.
69. Cao Y, Sun Z, Liao L, et al. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro and improve postnatal neovascularization in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2005,332:370-379.
70. Mizuno H, Zuk PA, Zhu M, et al. Myogenic differentiation by human proces sed lipoaspirate cells. Plast Reconstr Surg.2002,109(1):199-209.
71. DiRocco G, Iachininoto MG, Tritarelli A, et al. Myogenic potential of adipose-tissue-derived cells. J Cell Sci.2006,119:2945-2952.
72. Vieira NM, Brandalise V, Zucconi E, et al. Human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells restore dystrophin expression of Duchenne skeletal-muscle cells in vivo. Biol Cell.2008,100:231-241.
73. Miyahara Y, Nagaya N, Kataoka M, et al. Monolayered mesenchymal stem cells repair scarred myocardium after myocardial infarction. Nat Med.2006, 12:459-465.
74. Corre J, Barreau C, Cousin B, et al. Human subcutaneous adipose cells support complete differentiation but not self-renewal of hematopoietic progenitors. J Cell Physiol.2006,208:282-288.
75. Timper K, Seboek D, Eberhardt M, et al. Human adipose tissuederived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon expressing cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2006,341:1135-1140.
76. Seo MJ, Suh SY, Bae YC, et al. Differentiation of human adipose stromal cells into hepatic ineage in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2005, 328:258-264.
2 Aglieti P, Buzzi R, Bassi PB, et al. Athroscopic drilling in juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral chondyle. Athroscopy 1994;10:286-91.
3 Adams ME. An analysis of clinical studies of the use of cross linked hyaluronan, hylan in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Rheumatol.1993;39:16-18.
4 杨万波.关节软骨组织工程学研究进展.中国矫形外科杂志,2003；11：1387-89.
5 黄伟春,张燕,杨洪义.软骨组织工程进展国外医学生物医学工程分册,1999；22：270-76.
6 Van Susante JLC, Pieper J, Buma P, et al. "Linkage of chondroitin sulfate to type I collagen scaffolds stimulates the bioactivity of seeded chondrocytes in vitro Biomatrials,2001;22:2359-69.
7 陈际达,曹文灵,王远亮.软骨组织工程.国外医学生物医学工程分册,2001；24：16-19.
8 Gazit D, Turgeman G, Kelley P, et al. Engineered pluripoten mesenchymal cells in integrate and differentiate in regenerating bone:a novel cell mediated gene therapy. Gene Med,1999;1:121-33.
9 Zuk PA, Zhu Min, Mizuno H, et al. Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue:implication for cell. Based therapies. Tissue Engineering.2001;7:211-27.
10 Rangappa S, Fen C, Lee Eli, et al. Transformation of adult mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the fatty tissue into cardiomyocytes. Ann Thorac Surg,2003;75:775-79.
11 Erickson GR, Gimble JM, Franklin DM, et al. Chondrogenic potentials of adipose tissue-derived strom cells in vitro and in vivo. Biochem and Biophys Res Com. 2002;290:763-69.
12 Hunziker EB, Driesang IM, Morris EA. Chondrogenesis in cartilage repair is induced by members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. CI in Orthop 2001;18:171-81.
13 Van den Berg W, Van den Kraan P, Scharstuhl A, et al.Growth factors and cartilage repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res,2001;12:244-50.
14 Tara L, Agbaloo, Peter K, et al. Investigation of platelet-rich plasma in rabbit cranial defects:a pilot study. Oral Maxillofac Surg,2002;60:1176-81.
15 Boumediene K, Felisaz N, Pujol JP. Cell-cycle-dependent expression of transforming growth factor-P type I receptor correlates with differential proliferative effects of TGF-P in articular chondrocytes. Exp Cell Res, 1998;243:173-84.
16 Huang Jl, Zuk PA, Jones NF, et al. Chondrogenic potential of multipotential cells from human adipose tissue. Plast and Reconstr Surg.2004; 113:585-94.
17 THolpady SS, Katz AJ, Ogle RC. Mesenchymal stem cells from rat visceral fat exhibit multilzlotential differentiation in vitro. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol.2003;272:398-02.
18 Langer R, Vacanti JP. Tissue engineering.Science,1993;260:920-26.
19 Van Osch GJ, Van der Veen SW, Verwoerd Verhoef HL. In vitro rediffcrentiation of culture expanded rabbit and human auricular chondrocytes for cartilage reconstructio. Plast Reconstr Surg,2001; 107:433-35.
20 Minas T, Nehrer S. Current concepts in the treatment of articular cartilage defects.Orthopedics.1997;20:525-38.
21 Aglieti P, Buzzi R, Bassi P B, et al.Athroscopic drilling in juvenile osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral chondyle. Athroscopy 1994; 10:286-91.
22 Moran ME, Kim HK, Wand Salter RB. Biological resurfacing of full-thickness defects in patellar articular cartilage of the rabbit:Investigation of autogenous periosteal grafts subjected to continous passive motion. Bone Joint Surg 1992;74:659-67.
23 Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell.2006, 126:663-676.
24 Young FE. A time for restraint. Science.2000,287:1424.
25 Lenoir N. Europe confronts the embryonic stem cell research challenge. Science. 2000,287:1425-1427.
26 Verfaillie CM. Adult stem cells:assessing the case for pluripotency. Trends Cell Biol.2002,12:502-508.
27 Toma JG, McKenzie IA, Bagli D, et al. Isolation and characterization of multipotent skin-derived precursors from human skin. Stem Cells.2005, 23:727-37.
28 Cornelius P, MacDougald OA, Lane MD. Regulation of adipocyte development. Annu Rev Nutr.1994,14:99-129.
29 Weissman IL. Translating stem and progenitor cell biology to the clinic:barriers and opportunities. Science,2000;287:1442-46.
30 Gimble JM. Adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Expert Opin Biol Ther.2003, 3:705-713.
31 Gimble JM, Katz AJ, Bunnel BA. Adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medicine. Circ Res 2007,100:1249-1260.
32 Kitagawa Y, Korobi M, Toriyama K, et al. History of discovery of human adipose-derived stem cells and their clinical application. Jpn J Plast Reconstr Surg.2006,49:1097-1104.
33 Fraser JK, Wulur I, Alfonso Z, et al. Fat tissue:an underappreciated source of stem cells for biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol.2006,24:150-154.
34 Sally RF, Pierre BS, Babak JM, et al. Transforming growth factor beta superfamily members:Role in cartilage modeling. Plast Resconstr Surg 2000;105:980-90.
35 Zuk PA, Zhu M, AShjian P, et al. Human adipose tissue is a sourse of multipotent stem cells. Mol Bio Cell.2002; 13:4279-95.
36 Guilak F, Lott KE, Awad HA, et al. Clonal analysis of the differentiation potential of human adipose-derived adult stem cells. J Cell Physiol.2006,206(1):229-37.
37 Gronthos S, Franklin DM, Leddy HA, et al. Surface protein characterization of humanadipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Cell Physiol.2001; 189:54-63.
38 Guilak F, Lott KE, Awad HA, et al. Clonal analysis of the differentiation potential of human adipose-derived adult stem cells. J Cell Physiol.2006,206(l):229-37.
39 Gronthos S, Franklin DM, Leddy HA, et al. Surface protein characterization of humanadipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Cell Physiol.2001; 189:54-63.
40 Im GI, Shin YW, Lee KB. Do adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells have the same osteogenic and chondrogenic potential as bone marrow-derived cells? Osteoarthritis Cartilage.2005;13:845-53.
41 ZhuYX, Song KD, Liu TQ, et al. Collagen-chitosan polymeric scaffolds for in vitro culture of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Res.2007;11:6155-60.
42 余方圆,卢世璧,袁玫,等.脂肪干细胞向软骨细胞方向诱导的初步研究。中国矫形外科杂志。2004;12：25-28.
43 Jerry I, Huang BS, Patdcia A, Zuk, et al. Chondrogenic Potential of Multipoten-tial Cells from Human Adipose Tissue. Plastic and reconstructive surgery.2004;12:585-94.
44 Preeti Malladi, Yue Xu, Michael Chiou, et al. Effect of reduced Oxygen tension on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in adipose-derived mesenchymal cells. Plast Reconstr Surg.2006;15:123-28.
45 Steinert A, Weber M, Dimmler A, et al. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells encapsulated in ultrahigh viscosity alginate. Orthop Res.2003;21:1090-97.
46 Yoo JU, Barthel TS, Nishimura K, et al. The chondrogenic potential of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Bone Joint Surg Am.1998;80:1745-57.
47 夏万尧.组织工程化软骨组织形成的最佳细胞浓度和最佳形成时间的实验研究。中国修复重建外科杂志。1999；13：244.
48 Worster AA, Nixon AJ, Brower Toland BD, et al. Effect of transforming growth factor β 1 on chondrogenic differentiation of cultured equine mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Vet Res,2000;61:1003-10.
49 Longobardi L, O'Rear L, Aakula S, et al. Effect of IGF-I in the chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the presence or absence of TGF-β signaling. Bone Miner Res.2006;21:626-36.
50 Eppley BL, Woodell JE, Higgins J. Platelet quantification and growth factor analysis from platelet-rich plasma:implications for wound healing. Plast Reconstr Surg.2004;114:1502-08.
51 Sally RF, Pierre BS, Babak JM, et al. Transforming growth factor beta superfamily members:Role in cartilage modeling. Plast Resconstr Surg. 2000;105:980-99.
52 Erlebacher A, Filvaroff EH, Ye JQ, et al. Osteoblastic responses to TGF-β during bone remodeling. Mol Biol Cell.1998;9:1903-18.
53 Noda M, Rodan GA. Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta) regulation of alkaline phosphatase expression and other phenotype-related mRNAs in osteoblastic rat osteosarcoma cells. Cell Physiol 1987; 133:426-37.
54 Joyce ME, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, et al. Transforming growth factor-β and the initiation of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the rat femur. Cell Biol. 1990;110:2195-07.
55 Kratchmarova I, Blagoev B, Haack-Sorensen M, et al. Mechanism of divergent growth factor effects in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Science. 2005;308:1472-77.
56 Fukumoto T, Sperling Jw, SanyalA, et al. Combined effects of insulin-like growth factor-β 1 and transforming growth factor-β 1 on periosteal mesenchymal cells during chondrogenesis in vitro. Osteoarthritis Cartilage.2003;11:55-64.
57 Tat suyama K, Maezawa Y, Baba H, et al. Expression of various growth factors for cell proliferation and cytodifferentiation during fracture repair of bone. Eur J Histochem.2000;44 (3):269-78.
58 Van den Berg W, Van den Kraan P, Scharstuhl A, et al. Growth factors and cartilage repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res.2001;19:244-25.
59 Awad HA, Halvorsen YD, Gimble JM, et al. Effects of transforming growth factor β 1 and dexamethasone on the growth of chondrogenic differentiation of adipose derived stromal cells. Tissue Eng.2003;9:1301-12.
60 郭常安,陈峥嵘.转基因技术在骨关节疾病研究中的应用.国外医学骨科学分册2002；23：155-60.
61窦立萍,达万明,王畅等KirZds4基因RNAI慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定.中国实验血液学杂志.2008,16(3)：663-666.
62谢书阳,张敬之,任兆瑞.慢病毒载体与造血干细胞介导的基因治疗.中国生物工程杂志.2004,24(10)：5-8.
63 Meyerrose TE, Roberts M, Ohlemiler KK, et al. Lentiviral-transduced human mesenchymal stem cells persistently express therapeutic levels of enzyme in a xenotransplantation model of human disease. Stem Cells.2008, 26(7):1713-1722.
1. Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell.2006, 126:663-676.
2. Young FE. A time for restraint. Science.2000,287:1424.
3. Lenoir N. Europe confronts the embryonic stem cell research challenge. Science. 2000,287:1425-1427.
4. Ferrari G, Cusella-De Angelis G, Colttta M, et al. Muscle regeneration by bne marrow-derived myogenic progenitors. Science.1998,279:1528-1530.
5. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science.1999,284:143-147.
6. Woodbury D, Schwarz EJ, Prockop DJ, et al. Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiation into neurons. J Neurusci Res.2000,61:364-370.
7. Verfaillie CM. Adult stem cells:assessing the case for pluripotency. Trends Cell Biol。 2002,12:502-508.
8. Toma JG, McKenzie IA, Bagli D, et al. Isolation and characterization of multipotent skin-derived precursors from human skin. Stem Cells.2005, 23:727-37.
9. Cornelius P, MacDougald OA, Lane MD. Regulation of adipocyte development. Annu Rev Nutr.1994,14:99-129.
10. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Mizuno H, et al. Multi-lineage cells from human adipose tissue: implication for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng.2001,7:211-228.
11. Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, et al. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cell. Mol Biol Cell.2002,13:4279-4295.
12. Chen JH, Enloe BM, Weybright P, et al. Biochemical correlates of thiazolidinedione-induced adipocyte differentiation by highresolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med.2002,48:602-610.
13. Tontonoz P, Singer S, Forman BM, et al. Terminal differentiation of human liposarcoma cells induced by ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the retinoid X receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci.1997, 94:237-241.
14. Prunet-Marcassus B, Cousin B, Caton D, et al. From heterogeneity to plasticity in adipose tissues:site-specific differences. Exp Cell Res.2006,312:727-736.
15. Yamada Y, Wang XD, Yokoyama S, et al. Cardiac progenitor cells in brown adipose tissue repaired damaged myocardium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006,342:662-670.
16. Yamada Y, Yokoyama S, Wang XD, et al. Cardiac stem cells in brown adipose tissue express CD 133 and induce bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells.2007,25:1326-1333.
17. Izadpanah R, Trygg C, Patel B, et al. Biologic properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue. J Cell Biochem.2006, 99:1285-1297.
18. Kern S, Eichler H, Stoeve J, et al. Comparative analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, or adipose tissue. Stem Cells. 2006,24:1294-1301.
19. Gimble JM. Adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Expert Opin Biol Ther.2003, 3:705-713.
20. Gimble JM, Katz AJ, Bunnel BA. Adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medicine. Circ Res 2007,100:1249-1260.
21. Kitagawa Y, Korobi M, Toriyama K, et al. History of discovery of human adipose-derived stem cells and their clinical application. Jpn J Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006,49:1097-1104.
22. Fraser JK, Wulur I, Alfonso Z, et al. Fat tissue:an underappreciated source of stem cells for biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol.2006,24:150-154.
23.雷华,李青峰.脂肪干细胞的研究进展.中华整形外科杂志.2003,19(6).
24. Guilak F, Lott KE, Awad HA, et al. Clonal analysis of the differentiation potential of human adipose-derived adult stem cells. J Cell Physiol.2006,206(l):229-37.
25. Mitchell JB, McIntosh K, Zvonic S, et al. The immunophenotype of human adipose derived cells:temporal changers in stromal-and stem cell-associated markers. Stem Cells.2006,24:376-385.
26. Chiou M, Xu Y, Longaker MT. Mitogenic and chondrogenic effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 in adipose-derived mesenchymal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2006,343:644-652.
27. Jeon ES, Song HY, Kim MR, et al. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine induces proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells via activation of JNK. J Lipid Res.2006,47:653-664.
28. Kang YJ, Jeon ES, Song HY, et al. Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the PDGF-induced proliferation and migration of human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem.2005,95:1135-1145.
29. Song HY, Jeon ES, Jung JS, et al. Oncostatin M induces proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol.2005, 37:2357-2365.
30. Rubio D, Garcia-Castro J, Martin MC, et al. Spontaneous human adult stem cell transformation. Cancer Res.2005,65:3035-3039.
31. Gronthos S, Franklin DM, Leddy HA, et al. Surface protein characterization of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. J Cell Physiol.2001,189:54-63.
32. Zhu H, Mitsuhashi N, Klein A, et al. The role of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 in mesenchymal stem cell migration in the extra-cellularmatrix. Stem Cells.2006,24 (4):928-935.
33. Cheng C, Sharp PA. Regulation of CD44 alternative splicing by SRm160 and its potential role in tumor cell invasion. Mol Cell Biol.2006,26 (1):362-370.
34. Lee RH, Kim B, Choi I, et al. Characterization and expression analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and adipose tissue. Cell Physiol Biochem.2004,14:311-324.
35. Strem BM, Hicok KC, Zhu M, et al. Multipotential differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Keio J Med.2005,54(3):132-141.
36. PeisterA, Mellad JA, Larson BL, et al. Adult stem cells from bone marrow (MSCs) isolated from different strains of inbred mice vary in surface epitopes, rates of proliferation, and differentiation potential. Blood.2003,103 (5):1662-1668.
37. Wall ME, Bernacki SH, Loboa EG, et al. Effects of serial passaging on the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of adipose derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng.2007,13:1291-1298.
38. Kakudo N, Shimotsuma A, Kusumoto K, et al. Fibroblast growth factor-2 stimulates adipogenic differentiation of human adiposederived stem cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2007,359:239-244.
39. Pasarica M, Mashtalir N, McAllister EJ, et al. Adipogenic human adenovirus Ad-36 induces commitment, differentiation, and lipid accumulation in human adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cells.2008,26:969-978.
40. Mizuno H, Hyakusoku H. Mesengenic potential and future clinical perspective of human proces sed lipoaspirate cells. J Nippon Med Sch.2003,70(4):300-306.
41. Lee JA, Parrett BM, Conejero JA, et al. Biological alchemy:engineering bone and fat from fat-derived stem cells. Ann Plast Surg.2003,50:610-617.
42. Hanson AD, Marvel SW, Bernacki SH, et al. Osteogenic effects of rest inserted and continuous cyclic tensile strain on hASC lines with disparate osteodifferentiation capabilities. Ann Biomed Eng.2009,37:955-965.
43. Al-Salleeh F, Beatty MW, Reinhardt RA, et al. Human osteogenic protein-1 induces osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells harvested from mice. Arch Oral Biol.2008,53:928-936.
44. Quarto N, Longaker MT, et al. Differential expression of specific FGF ligands and receptor isoforms during osteogenic differentiation of mouse adipose-derived stem cells (mASCs) recapitulates the in vivo osteogenic pattern. Gene.2008, 424:130-140.
45. Grewal NS, Gabbay JS, Ashley RK, et al. BMP-2 does not influence the osteogenic fate of human adipose-derived stem cells. Plast Reconstr Surg.2009, 123:158-165.
46. Aksu AE, Rubin JP, Jason R, et al. Role of gender and anatomical region on induction of osteogenic differentiation of human adiposederived stem cells. Ann Plast Surg.2008,60:306-322.
47. Ogawa R, Mizuno H, Hyakusoku H, et al. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells isolated from GFP transgenic mice. J Nippon Med Sch.2004,71(4):240-241.
48. Huang JI, Zuk PA, Jones NF, et al. Chondrogenic potential of multipotential cells from human adipose tissue. Plast Reconstr Surg.2004,113(2):585-594.
49. Wei Y, Hu Y, Lv R, et al. Regulation of adipose-derived adult stem cells differentiating into chondrocytes with the use of rhBMP-2. Cytotherapy.2006, 8:570-579.
50. Estes BT, Wu AW, Guilak F. Potent induction of chondrocytic differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells by bone morphogenetic protein 6. Arthritis Rheum.2006,54:1222-1232.
51. Hennig T, Lorenz H, Thiel A, et al. Reduced chondrogenic potential of adipose tissue derived stromal cells correlates with an altered TGF-beta receptor and BMP profile and is overcome by BMP-6. J Cell Physiol.2007,211:682-691.
52. Betre H, Ong SR, Guilak F et al. Chondrocytic differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells in elastin-like polypeptide. Biomaterials.2006, 27:91-99.
53. Jin X, Sun Y, Zhang K, et al. Ectopic neocartilage formation from predifferentiated human adipose derived stem cells induced by adenoviral-mediated transfer of hTGF-beta2. Biomaterials.2007,28:2994-3003.
54. Xu Y, Balloch G, Chiou M, et al. Analysis of the material properties of early chondrogenic differentiated adipose-derived stem cells using an in vitro three dimensional micromass culture system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2007, 359:311-316.
55. DeUgarte DA, Morizono K, Elbarbary A, et al. Comparison of multi-lineage cells from human adipose tissue and bone marrow. Cells Tissues Organs.2003,174 (3):101-109.
56. Winter A, Breit S, Parsch D, et al. Cartilage-like gene expression in differentiated human stem cell spheroids:a comparison of bone marrow-derived and adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Arthritis Rheum.2003,48(2):418-429.
57. Cui L, Wu Y, Cen L, et al. Repair of articular cartilage defect in non-weight bearing areas using adipose derived stem cells loaded polyglycolic acid mesh. Biomaterials.2009,30(14):2683-2693.
58. Romanov YA, Darevskaya AN, Merzlikina NV, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and adipose tissue:Isolation, characterization, and differentiation potentialities. Bull Exp Biol Med.2005,140:138-143.
59. Woodbury D, Schwarz EJ, Prockop DJ, et al. Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neurons. J Neurosci Res.2000,61(4):364-370.
60. Dezawa M, Takahashi I, Esakim, et al. Sciaticn in nerve regeneration in rats induced by transplantation of in vitro differentiated bone marrow stromal cells. Eurn J Neurosci.2001,14:1771-1776.
61. Dezawa M, Takahashi I, Esakim, et al. Central and Prepheral nerve regeneration by transplantation of Schwann cells and transdifferentiated bone marrow stromal cells. Anat Sci Int.2002,77(1):12-25.
62.候赛云,朱家恺.大鼠骨髓基质干细胞体外诱导分化为类雪旺细胞.中华显微外科杂志.2003,26(1)：39-41.
63.候赛云,朱家恺.经诱导的骨髓基质干细胞应用于组织工程化人工神经的实验研究.中华显微外科杂志.2003,26(2)：112-115.
64. Safford KM, Safford SD, Gimble JM, et al. Characterization of neuronal/glial differentiation of routine adipose-derived adult stromal cells. Exp Neurol.2004, 187(2):319-328.
65. Lin YF, Chen XZ, Yan ZB, et al. Multilineage differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells from GFP transgenic mice. Published online:14 February 2006.
66. Kang SK, Putnam LA, Ylostalo J, et al. Neurogenesis of Rhesus adipose stromal cells. J Cell Science.2004,117(22):4289-4299.
67. Safford KM, Hicok KC, Safford SD, et al. Neurogenic differentiation of murine and human adipose-derived stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2002, 294(2):371-379.
68. Planat-Benard V, Silvestre JS, Cousin B, et al. Plasticity of human adipose lineage cells toward endothelial cells:physiological and therapeutic perspectives. Circulation.2004,109(5):656-663.
69. Cao Y, Sun Z, Liao L, et al. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro and improve postnatal neovascularization in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2005,332:370-379.
70. Mizuno H, Zuk PA, Zhu M, et al. Myogenic differentiation by human proces sed lipoaspirate cells. Plast Reconstr Surg.2002,109(1):199-209.
71. DiRocco G, Iachininoto MG, Tritarelli A, et al. Myogenic potential of adipose-tissue-derived cells. J Cell Sci.2006,119:2945-2952.
72. Vieira NM, Brandalise V, Zucconi E, et al. Human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells restore dystrophin expression of Duchenne skeletal-muscle cells in vivo. Biol Cell.2008,100:231-241.
73. Miyahara Y, Nagaya N, Kataoka M, et al. Monolayered mesenchymal stem cells repair scarred myocardium after myocardial infarction. Nat Med.2006, 12:459-465.
74. Corre J, Barreau C, Cousin B, et al. Human subcutaneous adipose cells support complete differentiation but not self-renewal of hematopoietic progenitors. J Cell Physiol.2006,208:282-288.
75. Timper K, Seboek D, Eberhardt M, et al. Human adipose tissuederived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon expressing cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2006,341:1135-1140.
76. Seo MJ, Suh SY, Bae YC, et al. Differentiation of human adipose stromal cells into hepatic ineage in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2005, 328:258-264.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |