轨道车辆—结构动态耦合系统的数值模拟方法及应用
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摘要
伴随着当今铁路客运高速化、重载化需求的日益高涨与逐步实施,轨道车辆与承载结构的动力相互作用问题越来越受到人们的重视。一方面,由于高速运行的车辆对所通过的结构(隧道、桥梁等)产生动力冲击作用,引起结构的振动可能使其构件产生疲劳,降低其强度和稳定性;另一方面,结构的振动又对运行车辆的平稳性和安全性产生影响。因此,对轨道车辆与承载运输的结构进行动态响应分析,掌握其动态响应特性是十分必要的。本文建立了轮轨三维滚动接触模型,基于三维非线性建模及并行计算技术,研究了轨道车辆-结构动态耦合系统的三维动态仿真方法。本文的主要研究内容包括:
研究轨道车辆-结构动态耦合系统数值建模方法,包括基于近景摄影测量原理,对平板车、灌浆车的关键尺寸进行了测量,并建立了相应的几何模型;通过车轮踏面与轨道面的垂向接触对和轮缘与轨道侧面的侧向接触对构建力学模型;基于分段的bucket分类搜索和双向对称接触方式建立了三维轮轨滚动接触的方法,实现该方法的直线和曲线动态模拟。
研究轨道车辆-结构动态耦合系统的高性能数值计算方法,在求解结构三维非线性有限元模型的动力学响应时,总体的计算规模巨大,串行算法和普通的计算机无法胜任此工作。本文采用更新拉格朗日格式中心差分算法,对非线性有限元方程进行求解时,结合上海超级计算中心曙光4000A计算机的体系结构和轨道车辆运行的特点,提出基于轮轨接触均衡的区域分解并行算法。通过对轨道车辆与桥梁、隧道结构的动态耦合振动响应分析,检验了并行效率。
研究轮轨三维滚动接触建模方法在车-桥动态耦合系统响应分析中的应用。分别建立了轻轨车辆与大跨度双层斜拉桥的三维非线性有限元模型,其中轻轨车辆采用二系悬挂的方式连接,模型包含轮对、转向架和车体;斜拉桥由土体、承台、主塔、墩、枕木、钢轨、斜拉索和钢板桁梁桥面组成。对轻轨车辆在单车匀速、双车交汇下的桥梁动态响应及行车安全进行了分析。
研究车-桥动态耦合系统在船桥碰撞下的动态响应特性,船舶对斜拉桥的撞击作用通过建立船舶的三维非线性有限元模型实现。将“船桥碰撞”与“车桥耦合”联系在一起进行研究,建立面向车辆行驶过程的车-船-桥动态耦合系统模型。分析船舶撞击荷载对斜拉桥及轻轨车辆行车安全的影响。
研究上海隧道工程股份有限公司正在施工的“青草沙”隧道轨道管片运输行车安全问题,建立了车辆与轨道三维非线性有限元模型。轨道运输车辆由电瓶车、平板车及运载的管片组成,车辆之间采用销连接,车辆与24kg窄轨之间的作用通过滚动接触的方式实现组成。分析轨道运输车辆事故多发的机理,设计了提高行车安全的减振装置,通过仿真比较了改进前后的效果。
研究轮轨三维滚动接触建模方法在车-隧动态耦合系统响应分析中的应用。建立了轨道运输车辆-轨道-隧道结构的三维非线性有限元模型,隧道结构主要由土体、隧道管壁、工作井及组成。为了体现拟实建模方法的特点,土体采用弹塑性材料模拟,根据真实的地质资料进行了分层,考虑了外水压的影响。对车辆正常运输以碰撞事故发生时的隧道动态响应进行了分析。
With the increasing requirement and implement of high-speed and overload transportation, more and more attention has been paid on the couple dynamic response of rail vehicle and structure. On the one hand, the dynamic shock by the high-speed passing vehicle will cause the mechanical fatigue of structure. On the other hand, the vibration of the structure affects the safety and stabilization of vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to study on the dynamic response characteristics of the vehicle and the loaded structure. Based on the 3D non-linear modeling method and the parallel computing technologies, the 3D rolling contact model of rail and wheel is set up, and the 3D dynamic numerical simulation method of rail vehicle and structure as bridge and tunnel is studied. The main contents include:
The numerical modeling method of the rail vehicle and structure dynamic couple system is studied. Based on the photogrammetry theory, the geometry model of rail transportation vehicle is build. With the vertical contact of wheel tread and top surface of railhead as well as lateral contact of wheel flange and lateral surface of railhead, the mechanical model of wheel and rail is set up. Through the bucket sorting search method based on segment and bi-direction contact manner, the dynamic running simulation in the straight and curve line with 3D rolling contact model is achieved.
The high performance numerical computation method of the rail vehicle and structure dynamic couple system is studied. Serial methods and normal computer are not adapted to nonlinear dynamic analysis of large and complex structure with the 3D non-linear finite element models. With the Update Lagrange Formation method and central difference algorithm, the nonlinear equation is solved. Based on the character of the vehicle-rail dynamic couple system and the structures of DAWNIING 4000A supercomputer located in Shanghai Supercomputer Center, the domain decomposition method based on the rail-wheel contact balance between vehicle and rail is proposed. Through the application in rail vehicle and bridge dynamic analysis, as well as the rail transportation vehicle and the tunnel coupling vibration analysis, the parallel computing efficiency of rail-wheel contact balance bisection (RWCBB) method and recursive coordinate bisection (RCB) method are compared.
The application of the 3D wheel-rail rolling contact numerical modeling methods in vehicle and bridge couple dynamic response analysis is studied. The non-linear finite element models of light rail vehicle and cable-stayed bridge are respectively built up. The finite element model of light rail vehicle is made of the wheel-set, the bogie, and the body, which are connected with secondary suspension system. The finite element model of the cable-stayed bridge includes all structural components: bridge deck, cable, tower, piers, cap, piles, sleeper, rail and soil. Through the simulation of two moving load conditions as single direction for one train and oppose direction for two, the running safety of light rail train and dynamic response of bridge are analyzed, which provides the reference for the safety design of long span cable-stayed bridge.
The dynamic response characteristic of light rail vehicle and bridge couple system under collision of ship and bridge is studied. The 3D numerical model of the ship is set up. Combine the ship-bridge collision with vehicle-bridge couple problem, the finite element model of the light rail vehicle, the cable-stayed bridge, and the ship are built as a whole system. The dynamic response of the cable-stayed bridge and the light rail vehicle under ship impact are respectively analyzed.
According to transportation safety issues of the“Qingcaosha”tunnel, which being construct by Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co. Ltd, the rail transportation vehicle and the 24Kg narrow rail structure are respectively built with 3D non-linear finite element models. The rail transportation vehicle is composed of storage battery car, the flat car and the grout transportation car, which are connected with dowels each other. In order to improve the running safety of rail transportation vehicle and decrease the probability of derailment accident, the device of absorbers is design and added to vehicle. The effect with and without absorbers in vehicle is testified.
The application of the 3D wheel-rail rolling contact numerical modeling methods in vehicle and tunnel vibration analysis is studied. The finite element model of tunnel, which are made of solid, the tunnel wall and the working well, is established. The Drucker-Prager material model is applied in describing the soil, which delaminated according to the real geological and hydraulic. The dynamic response of tunnel during normal running condition and accident condition of rail transportation vehicle are respectively analyzed.
研究轨道车辆-结构动态耦合系统数值建模方法,包括基于近景摄影测量原理,对平板车、灌浆车的关键尺寸进行了测量,并建立了相应的几何模型;通过车轮踏面与轨道面的垂向接触对和轮缘与轨道侧面的侧向接触对构建力学模型;基于分段的bucket分类搜索和双向对称接触方式建立了三维轮轨滚动接触的方法,实现该方法的直线和曲线动态模拟。
研究轨道车辆-结构动态耦合系统的高性能数值计算方法,在求解结构三维非线性有限元模型的动力学响应时,总体的计算规模巨大,串行算法和普通的计算机无法胜任此工作。本文采用更新拉格朗日格式中心差分算法,对非线性有限元方程进行求解时,结合上海超级计算中心曙光4000A计算机的体系结构和轨道车辆运行的特点,提出基于轮轨接触均衡的区域分解并行算法。通过对轨道车辆与桥梁、隧道结构的动态耦合振动响应分析,检验了并行效率。
研究轮轨三维滚动接触建模方法在车-桥动态耦合系统响应分析中的应用。分别建立了轻轨车辆与大跨度双层斜拉桥的三维非线性有限元模型,其中轻轨车辆采用二系悬挂的方式连接,模型包含轮对、转向架和车体;斜拉桥由土体、承台、主塔、墩、枕木、钢轨、斜拉索和钢板桁梁桥面组成。对轻轨车辆在单车匀速、双车交汇下的桥梁动态响应及行车安全进行了分析。
研究车-桥动态耦合系统在船桥碰撞下的动态响应特性,船舶对斜拉桥的撞击作用通过建立船舶的三维非线性有限元模型实现。将“船桥碰撞”与“车桥耦合”联系在一起进行研究,建立面向车辆行驶过程的车-船-桥动态耦合系统模型。分析船舶撞击荷载对斜拉桥及轻轨车辆行车安全的影响。
研究上海隧道工程股份有限公司正在施工的“青草沙”隧道轨道管片运输行车安全问题,建立了车辆与轨道三维非线性有限元模型。轨道运输车辆由电瓶车、平板车及运载的管片组成,车辆之间采用销连接,车辆与24kg窄轨之间的作用通过滚动接触的方式实现组成。分析轨道运输车辆事故多发的机理,设计了提高行车安全的减振装置,通过仿真比较了改进前后的效果。
研究轮轨三维滚动接触建模方法在车-隧动态耦合系统响应分析中的应用。建立了轨道运输车辆-轨道-隧道结构的三维非线性有限元模型,隧道结构主要由土体、隧道管壁、工作井及组成。为了体现拟实建模方法的特点,土体采用弹塑性材料模拟,根据真实的地质资料进行了分层,考虑了外水压的影响。对车辆正常运输以碰撞事故发生时的隧道动态响应进行了分析。
With the increasing requirement and implement of high-speed and overload transportation, more and more attention has been paid on the couple dynamic response of rail vehicle and structure. On the one hand, the dynamic shock by the high-speed passing vehicle will cause the mechanical fatigue of structure. On the other hand, the vibration of the structure affects the safety and stabilization of vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to study on the dynamic response characteristics of the vehicle and the loaded structure. Based on the 3D non-linear modeling method and the parallel computing technologies, the 3D rolling contact model of rail and wheel is set up, and the 3D dynamic numerical simulation method of rail vehicle and structure as bridge and tunnel is studied. The main contents include:
The numerical modeling method of the rail vehicle and structure dynamic couple system is studied. Based on the photogrammetry theory, the geometry model of rail transportation vehicle is build. With the vertical contact of wheel tread and top surface of railhead as well as lateral contact of wheel flange and lateral surface of railhead, the mechanical model of wheel and rail is set up. Through the bucket sorting search method based on segment and bi-direction contact manner, the dynamic running simulation in the straight and curve line with 3D rolling contact model is achieved.
The high performance numerical computation method of the rail vehicle and structure dynamic couple system is studied. Serial methods and normal computer are not adapted to nonlinear dynamic analysis of large and complex structure with the 3D non-linear finite element models. With the Update Lagrange Formation method and central difference algorithm, the nonlinear equation is solved. Based on the character of the vehicle-rail dynamic couple system and the structures of DAWNIING 4000A supercomputer located in Shanghai Supercomputer Center, the domain decomposition method based on the rail-wheel contact balance between vehicle and rail is proposed. Through the application in rail vehicle and bridge dynamic analysis, as well as the rail transportation vehicle and the tunnel coupling vibration analysis, the parallel computing efficiency of rail-wheel contact balance bisection (RWCBB) method and recursive coordinate bisection (RCB) method are compared.
The application of the 3D wheel-rail rolling contact numerical modeling methods in vehicle and bridge couple dynamic response analysis is studied. The non-linear finite element models of light rail vehicle and cable-stayed bridge are respectively built up. The finite element model of light rail vehicle is made of the wheel-set, the bogie, and the body, which are connected with secondary suspension system. The finite element model of the cable-stayed bridge includes all structural components: bridge deck, cable, tower, piers, cap, piles, sleeper, rail and soil. Through the simulation of two moving load conditions as single direction for one train and oppose direction for two, the running safety of light rail train and dynamic response of bridge are analyzed, which provides the reference for the safety design of long span cable-stayed bridge.
The dynamic response characteristic of light rail vehicle and bridge couple system under collision of ship and bridge is studied. The 3D numerical model of the ship is set up. Combine the ship-bridge collision with vehicle-bridge couple problem, the finite element model of the light rail vehicle, the cable-stayed bridge, and the ship are built as a whole system. The dynamic response of the cable-stayed bridge and the light rail vehicle under ship impact are respectively analyzed.
According to transportation safety issues of the“Qingcaosha”tunnel, which being construct by Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co. Ltd, the rail transportation vehicle and the 24Kg narrow rail structure are respectively built with 3D non-linear finite element models. The rail transportation vehicle is composed of storage battery car, the flat car and the grout transportation car, which are connected with dowels each other. In order to improve the running safety of rail transportation vehicle and decrease the probability of derailment accident, the device of absorbers is design and added to vehicle. The effect with and without absorbers in vehicle is testified.
The application of the 3D wheel-rail rolling contact numerical modeling methods in vehicle and tunnel vibration analysis is studied. The finite element model of tunnel, which are made of solid, the tunnel wall and the working well, is established. The Drucker-Prager material model is applied in describing the soil, which delaminated according to the real geological and hydraulic. The dynamic response of tunnel during normal running condition and accident condition of rail transportation vehicle are respectively analyzed.
引文
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