循环经济模式下区域技术体系构建研究
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摘要
发展循环经济是我国实现第二次经济增长方式转型的战略选择。与任何经济模式一样,循环经济的发展离不开技术的支持。在实践中,循环经济所需的技术支持不是来自一个或几个单项技术创新,而是来自多个以关键技术为核心的相互联系、相互促进、相互制约的有机“技术群”创新,即一个区域内客观存在的技术体系的创新,这才是支撑循环经济的物质基础。因此,本文运用演化经济学、技术创新学和系统科学等相关理论,围绕着“循环经济模式下区域技术体系构建”的选题展开研究。首先,对比分析了循环经济与传统经济条件下技术体系的基本特征,对循环经济不同发展阶段的技术经济特征进行了梳理;其次,从系统学的角度,对区域技术体系的构建框架与构建机理展开研究,阐明了区域技术体系的内涵、结构、演变原理等基础知识,揭示出技术选择、技术创新对区域技术体系形成的作用机理;接着,从生态学视角阐释了理想的循环经济模式下区域技术体系的构成内容,并与循环经济的“3R”技术体系进行了比较;之后,以循环经济技术的经济学分析为前提,探讨了循环经济模式下政府、企业和公益性科研机构在区域技术体系构建中的角色定位与基本职能;而后,从区域科技资源配置的视角,对科技资源支撑区域循环经济目标的程度进行度量。最后,以吉林省为例进行了实证分析,评价了吉林省目前面向循环经济建设的技术体系构建重点和区域科技资源配置方向,以及完善循环经济模式下区域技术体系的技术发展策略。
Developing recycling economy is a strategic choice for realize the second transition of economic growth mode in our country. In order to push development of recycling economy effectively, related departments in our country successively distinguish and optimize key technology of recycling economy in focal industries centered on technology development direction of recycling economy, and work out some lists to support technology, which is far from requirement of recycling economy development. In reality, there are 2 aspects of deficiencies existing in technology development standard of recycling economy in our country compared with that in developed countries, one is high energy consumption, low labor capacity and technology contribution; the other is lagged green environmental protection technique development. A distance of over 15-20 years exist between most environmental pollution treatment industrial art, technology and environment-friendly products and those in developed countries, except for technique level of individual fields as electric precipitation, bag house and non-source noise control etc, whose standards are tantamount to those in developed countries. To put it strictly, technology innovation of recycling economy in our country still stay at stage of terminal treatment, the harmonious consequence returning technology to ecology of technology innovation has not been fully realized. Out-dated technology environment attaches higher difficulty to popularizing recycling economy in our country. Under such circumstance, this thesis, with evolutionary economics, ecology, management, technical innovation, system science as the theoretical guidance, developmental stage of recycling economy as the limit, conducts researches on how to more effectively bring supporting, leading and pushing functions of regional technology innovation system into play and how to form recycling economy technology system with regional features according to interrelation between technology system, technology choice and technology innovation. Main researching content of this thesis takes on as follows: basic theory of constructing technology system, development mode study on recycling economy, frame and body research on constructing recycling economy technology system, research on technology innovation capacity under construction and empirical analyses of constructing recycling economy technology system in Jilin province.
The first part is about fundamental research. Theory summary of the thesis is divided into 2 parts, one is about related theory research of technology system; the other is to illustrate basic theory of recycling economy. Exactly speaking, the first is to expound fundamental concept of technology system research and analyze contents, nature, characteristic and classification of technology; the second is to analyze representative theory, ground and standard of technology choice in light of alternativeness of technology; the third is to analyze generation and evolution of technology innovation theory, and mode and influential factor of technology innovation; the fourth is to comprehensively commentate technology form and technology track theory; the fifth is to expound basic concept, characteristic and principle of recycling economy, and analyze main research branches of it: Industrial Ecology, metabolizability of material flow and product lifecycle etc.
The second part refers to characteristics of the technological system under circulation economy mode. There are the essential differences between the circular economy and the traditional economy. Both for requirements on technology system are not the same. Therefore, we should, under the premise of scientific understanding and recognizing characteristics of the technology system baesd on the circular economy, research the issue of constitution of technology system under mode of recycling economy .This part is the base of knowledge for theoretical research and empirical analysis .
The third part is about constructive theory of technology system.This part is the important supporting theory of the thesis, which defines boundary of technology system concept of this thesis through comparison between narrow technology system and broad technology system; points out that technology element and technology structure research are the important content of technology system construction by expounding systematic concept. Generally, a technology system is made up of numerous and various technologies assemble. It can be seen from the technology influences upon technology system that the interior part of technology system mainly consists of leading technology cluster and subsidiary technology environment, the former is core of the technology system, which is not only the key to realize technology system function but also a kind of identification of technology system; while value of the subsidiary technology environment is reflected from cooperation with the leading technology cluster. Analysis of technology structure reflects rule and cause of technology system evolution, based on which the system analyzes function mechanism of technology choice and technology innovation for constructing technology system, which supplies theory basis for probing into constructive strategy of technology system in the following.
The fourth part refers to constructive frame of recycling economy technology system. Ecological rule is a basic rule of directing recycling economy practices. In this part, the author analyzes difference between recycling economy and traditional economy through Principle of Ecology, compares elementary composition of recycling economy technology system with composition of ecosystem, pointing out production technology, consumption technology, characteristics and development focuses of decomposition technology of recycling economy, comparing them with 3R technology of recycling economy and constructing basic frame of recycling economy technology system of this thesis.
The fifth part refers to constructive body of recycling economy technology system. In this part, the author, in view of externality and public products, analyzes difference between recycling economy technology and traditional economy technology, puts up with diverse characteristics on constructive body of recycling economy technology system, and makes analysis of role and function of governments, enterprises and non-profit scientific and research institutes, which means that governments should perform tri roles of organizer, leader and technology-supplier in process of constructing technology system; enterprises should form and consolidate principal position in recycling economy technology innovation in 3 aspects: innovation investment, innovation output and risk taking; non-profit scientific and research institutes should main researcher of recycling economy generic technology.
The sixth part is about estimative study on the allocation of science and technology in constructing recycling economy technology system. This thesis, start with estimative significance of the allocation of science and technology, points out estimative content and key points of the allocation of science and technology under visual angle of recycling economy, and then as a basis for constructing recycling economy effectiveness evaluation index system of the allocation of science and technology. In order to systematically investigate contribution condition of regional allocation of science and technology towards recycling economy effect, this thesis makes measurement to regional allocation of science and technology by choosing DEA method.
Last but not the least, this part refers to empirical analysis of constitution of recycling economy technology system in Jilin province. Based on natural resources condition, environmental bearing capacity standard and current situation of recycling economy development, this thesis makes an appraisal on technological innovation capacity of constructing recycling economy in Jilin province, pointing out that supporting effect of the technology innovation capacity in Jilin province towards recycling economy is unsatisfactory, which are mainly indicated as deficient technology innovation support in aspects of energy conservation, sewage and exhaust emission. In that basis, the author puts forward corresponding technology-innovative proposals on deficiency of recycling technology innovation in Jilin province combined with objective and focal point of Jilin’s recycling economy development.
Developing recycling economy is a strategic choice for realize the second transition of economic growth mode in our country. In order to push development of recycling economy effectively, related departments in our country successively distinguish and optimize key technology of recycling economy in focal industries centered on technology development direction of recycling economy, and work out some lists to support technology, which is far from requirement of recycling economy development. In reality, there are 2 aspects of deficiencies existing in technology development standard of recycling economy in our country compared with that in developed countries, one is high energy consumption, low labor capacity and technology contribution; the other is lagged green environmental protection technique development. A distance of over 15-20 years exist between most environmental pollution treatment industrial art, technology and environment-friendly products and those in developed countries, except for technique level of individual fields as electric precipitation, bag house and non-source noise control etc, whose standards are tantamount to those in developed countries. To put it strictly, technology innovation of recycling economy in our country still stay at stage of terminal treatment, the harmonious consequence returning technology to ecology of technology innovation has not been fully realized. Out-dated technology environment attaches higher difficulty to popularizing recycling economy in our country. Under such circumstance, this thesis, with evolutionary economics, ecology, management, technical innovation, system science as the theoretical guidance, developmental stage of recycling economy as the limit, conducts researches on how to more effectively bring supporting, leading and pushing functions of regional technology innovation system into play and how to form recycling economy technology system with regional features according to interrelation between technology system, technology choice and technology innovation. Main researching content of this thesis takes on as follows: basic theory of constructing technology system, development mode study on recycling economy, frame and body research on constructing recycling economy technology system, research on technology innovation capacity under construction and empirical analyses of constructing recycling economy technology system in Jilin province.
The first part is about fundamental research. Theory summary of the thesis is divided into 2 parts, one is about related theory research of technology system; the other is to illustrate basic theory of recycling economy. Exactly speaking, the first is to expound fundamental concept of technology system research and analyze contents, nature, characteristic and classification of technology; the second is to analyze representative theory, ground and standard of technology choice in light of alternativeness of technology; the third is to analyze generation and evolution of technology innovation theory, and mode and influential factor of technology innovation; the fourth is to comprehensively commentate technology form and technology track theory; the fifth is to expound basic concept, characteristic and principle of recycling economy, and analyze main research branches of it: Industrial Ecology, metabolizability of material flow and product lifecycle etc.
The second part refers to characteristics of the technological system under circulation economy mode. There are the essential differences between the circular economy and the traditional economy. Both for requirements on technology system are not the same. Therefore, we should, under the premise of scientific understanding and recognizing characteristics of the technology system baesd on the circular economy, research the issue of constitution of technology system under mode of recycling economy .This part is the base of knowledge for theoretical research and empirical analysis .
The third part is about constructive theory of technology system.This part is the important supporting theory of the thesis, which defines boundary of technology system concept of this thesis through comparison between narrow technology system and broad technology system; points out that technology element and technology structure research are the important content of technology system construction by expounding systematic concept. Generally, a technology system is made up of numerous and various technologies assemble. It can be seen from the technology influences upon technology system that the interior part of technology system mainly consists of leading technology cluster and subsidiary technology environment, the former is core of the technology system, which is not only the key to realize technology system function but also a kind of identification of technology system; while value of the subsidiary technology environment is reflected from cooperation with the leading technology cluster. Analysis of technology structure reflects rule and cause of technology system evolution, based on which the system analyzes function mechanism of technology choice and technology innovation for constructing technology system, which supplies theory basis for probing into constructive strategy of technology system in the following.
The fourth part refers to constructive frame of recycling economy technology system. Ecological rule is a basic rule of directing recycling economy practices. In this part, the author analyzes difference between recycling economy and traditional economy through Principle of Ecology, compares elementary composition of recycling economy technology system with composition of ecosystem, pointing out production technology, consumption technology, characteristics and development focuses of decomposition technology of recycling economy, comparing them with 3R technology of recycling economy and constructing basic frame of recycling economy technology system of this thesis.
The fifth part refers to constructive body of recycling economy technology system. In this part, the author, in view of externality and public products, analyzes difference between recycling economy technology and traditional economy technology, puts up with diverse characteristics on constructive body of recycling economy technology system, and makes analysis of role and function of governments, enterprises and non-profit scientific and research institutes, which means that governments should perform tri roles of organizer, leader and technology-supplier in process of constructing technology system; enterprises should form and consolidate principal position in recycling economy technology innovation in 3 aspects: innovation investment, innovation output and risk taking; non-profit scientific and research institutes should main researcher of recycling economy generic technology.
The sixth part is about estimative study on the allocation of science and technology in constructing recycling economy technology system. This thesis, start with estimative significance of the allocation of science and technology, points out estimative content and key points of the allocation of science and technology under visual angle of recycling economy, and then as a basis for constructing recycling economy effectiveness evaluation index system of the allocation of science and technology. In order to systematically investigate contribution condition of regional allocation of science and technology towards recycling economy effect, this thesis makes measurement to regional allocation of science and technology by choosing DEA method.
Last but not the least, this part refers to empirical analysis of constitution of recycling economy technology system in Jilin province. Based on natural resources condition, environmental bearing capacity standard and current situation of recycling economy development, this thesis makes an appraisal on technological innovation capacity of constructing recycling economy in Jilin province, pointing out that supporting effect of the technology innovation capacity in Jilin province towards recycling economy is unsatisfactory, which are mainly indicated as deficient technology innovation support in aspects of energy conservation, sewage and exhaust emission. In that basis, the author puts forward corresponding technology-innovative proposals on deficiency of recycling technology innovation in Jilin province combined with objective and focal point of Jilin’s recycling economy development.
引文
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