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矿区生态文明理论、方法与实证研究
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摘要
2007年10月中共十七大报告首次明确提出建设生态文明,这是新时期顺应时代发展潮流的的重大战略举措,也是建设社会主义和谐社会的一项重要内容。同时,建设生态文明,科学合理地处理人与自然关系,也是人类可持续发展重要课题的内在要求,这使得有关生态文明的研究成为紧扣时代需求和科学前沿的主题。作为人类生存和发展提供矿产资源这一重要物质基础的矿区,是受人类干扰破坏程度最大的区域之一,因此建设矿区生态文明,推进入与自然协调发展刻不容缓;矿业的特殊战略地位及当前建设生态文明的重要性也决定了矿区生态文明理论、方法和实证的研究具有重要理论价值和实践意义,极富研究价值和潜力。
     以系统论、可持续发展理论、协同论及科学发展观为理论基础,给出了本文对生态文明概念的理解,探析了生态文明的特征,并从系统科学的角度对生态文明分别从研究对象(静态)和实施运作(动态)两方面进行了阐释,在此基础上构建起生态文明的理论体系,包括生态文明的组成结构及生态文明所属子系统之间关系、生态文明的功能和地位,并分析了生产生态化、生活生态化和文化生态化等涵义并阐明了其间关系;继而结合矿区的概念及其特点,提出了矿区生态文明的概念、并剖析了矿区生态文明建设的特殊性,并进而提出了矿区生态文明建设所应遵循的指导思想和基本原则,对矿区生态文明实施运作进行了详细论述。
     基于对上述理论的研究,提出矿区生态文明建设所需实施的法政体、社会面、产业线、技术点和国际网一系列重大工程。继而,论文根据矿区生态文明的内涵和特点,探索建立了一套矿区生态文明评价指标体系,将层次分析法确权系数理论和协调度模型引入矿区生态文明评价,研究设计了一套矿区生态文明评价模型进行定量分析,运用静态协调发展水平和协调发展动态指数对矿区生态文明发展现状及趋势进行评价;运用灰色模型对矿区生态文明发展进行预测。在以上理论和方法的研究基础上,论文采用实证研究方法进行了矿区生态文明建设实证研究,将矿区生态文明的理论、方法研究所取得的成果具体应用于平朔矿区实践,进行定量评价和定性评述。经实例分析验证了预测方法的科学性和可操作性,量化数据结果显示平朔矿区在所考察的1999年到2008年这一时段,其生态文明发展先后经历了从基本协调发展、中等协调发展到步入了“良”偏上这一协调发展等级水平;灰色模型经检验精度为一级,并且运用其得到的预测数据预示该矿区的生态文明发展水平处于稳定增长趋势,表征该矿区整体可持续发展力呈现增强态势;非量化考查结果表明研究区处于中级水平,须在今后的矿区生态文明发展具体实践中不断改进和完善。鉴于此,论文针对性地构筑了研究矿区生态文明建设的全方位、立体化策略和具体措施,以期为矿区生态文明建设提供有益的发展思路借鉴。最后,论文指出由于矿区生态文明研究涉及的内容十分广泛,其相关的理论和方法研究尚处于探索之中,希望抛砖引玉使得此领域的各项研究工作在今后得到进一步深化和拓展。
The strategy of ecological civilization was clearly put forward firstly in the report of 17th CPC Congress in October 2007, which is the important strategic initiatives following the development trend of the times, and also the main item of building up a socialist harmonious society.At present,it is a vital task to treat relations between human and nature with reasonable attitude and scientific approaches to achieve harmonious and complete development of human and nature.As the important source of mineral resources, mining areas provide great material basis for human survival and development, which are one of the most destroyed area caused by human activities.The special strategic position of mining and the importance of constructing ecological civilization make it of great theoretic and practical value to study theory, method and practice of ecological civilization in mining areas, which is also of vital value and potential.
     Based on theory system, sustainable development, synergetics and viewpoint of scientific development etal.,the dissertation formulated connotation and characters of ecological civilization, and interpreted ecological civilization from the perspective of stationary research objects and dynamic construction processes On the above basis, integrated theory system were built,including the constitution and structure of ecological civilization, relations among subsystem,functions and status,guiding ideology and basic principles of ecological civilization,and also the connotation and relationship of ecology-oriented production-life-culture mode were clarified. Then, combined with present status of economic and social development brought by reform and opening of China and present status in mining areas, mining area and its characteristics were analyzed. At the same time, connotation and its characteristics of ecological civilization in mining areas were proposed, which also included the following three constructing processes.ecology-oriented production,ecology-oriented life, ecology-oriented culture. Guided by the above theory of ecological civilization,a series of projects were proposed,such as the law-policy body,the social surface, industrial chain, technology point and international net.Afterwards, according to connotation and characters of ecological civilization in mining areas, the construction of evaluation index was explored,in which the weights of factors were determined by analytic hierarchy process method,a set of appraisal model of ecological civilization was designed for quantitative analysis,by applying evaluation of coordinated development and dynamic state index of coordinated development to appraise the present status and its future developing trend.
     Finally,taking Pingshuo mining area as study area, applying the above theory and method of ecological civilization in mining areas into the construction practice of Pingshuo mining area,quantitative analysis and qualitative description were carried out.The example indicated the scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed appraisal method and prediction model.and the quantitative result of the investigated period from 1999 to 2008 and also the qualitative analysis result revealed that the study area was in good condition on the whole, and furthermore indicating ascending development situation.Besides, there are still some deficiencies which should to be improved in the practice of constructing ecological civilization in mining area.By virtue of this reason, comprehensive and solid strategies and specific measures were put forward, in order to provide some beneficial development ideas for the construction of ecological civilization in mining areas.
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