地球物理方法在垃圾填埋场的应用研究
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摘要
目前地球物理方法在探测垃圾结构、垃圾填埋范围和垃圾渗滤液等方面得到广泛应用。其主要是利用地球物理的方法和原理来研究垃圾填埋场地区周围地球物理场和地球物质的物理特性变化,在解决垃圾填埋等相关问题的过程中,地球物理方法和技术以其特有的优势发挥着越来越重要的作用,并随着地球物理勘探技术的进步和数据处理方法的提高,已经成为城市垃圾治理等方面一项不可缺少的重要手段。
本论文针对垃圾渗漏污染问题,对物性进行了较全面的研究。实测了北神树垃圾渗漏液和安定垃圾渗漏液的电阻率值的大小,揭示了渗漏液的电阻率值。在实验室进行了醋酸溶液和四氯化碳溶液不同浓度下的电阻率变化测试,指出了异常分布的规律。在砂槽用润滑油模拟测试了油污染实验,得到了油气污染的特征。研究结果为地球物理污染检测提供了物性基础。
从理论上对目标体与异常响应关系进行了深入的研究。一是采用理论公式计算了均匀球体的异常特征,指出了异常响应与其物性大小和埋深的关系;二是采用有限元法对垃圾填埋场进行了数值模拟,得到了不同形状、种类的垃圾填埋场的异常规律和分布特征,为实测垃圾填埋场渗漏污染的物理场解释给出理论依据。
首次采用探地雷达法、高密度电阻率法、激发极化法、高精度磁测法和瞬变电磁法五种地球物理方法对北京和保定五个垃圾填埋场进行了实际勘测,得到了垃圾填埋场地球物理检测的第一手资料,查明了不同种类的垃圾场地球物理异常的规律和特征,特别是对河北保定韩村垃圾填埋场,进行了系统的检测研究。通过研究,确立了垃圾填埋场地球物理探测的有效方法与技术为电磁类方法。
实践证明,垃圾填埋场渗漏污染检测中,探地雷达法、高密度电阻率法、激发极化法和高精度磁测法均有一定的效果,不同的地球物理方法其勘探深度各不相同,应用效果不同,应根据实际具体问题具体分析,从中折衷优选出较好的方法。
At present, geophysical methods have been widely applied in detecting garbage structure、landfill scope and landfill leachate, etc. The main purpose is to do the research on geophysical field and physical characteristics changes of earth substances around the landfill site by the geophysical methods. In the process of dealing with the landfills and related problems, geophysical methods and technologies have played a more and more important role. It has become an indispensable method in the field of municipal solid waste management as the technology progress of geophysical exploration and the improvement of data processing.
This paper did a complete study on the physicality of garbage leakage, measured the resistivity of garbage leachate of Bei Shenshu and Anding, and revealed the resistivity of garbage leachate. The tests of changes in resistivity under different densities of acetic acid and CCl4 liquor have been made in the laboratory, and the law of abnormal distribution is pointed. The characteristic of oil pollution has been found by the simulation test of oil pollution in sand launder by lubricating oil. The research result provided the physical basis to the geophysical contamination detection.
The deep research on the relationship between target solid and exception response has been conducted from the theory. On the one side, the abnormal characteristic of uniform sphere was calculated by theoretical formula, and the relationship between exception response and its physical size and depth of burial. On the other side, the abnormal rule and the distribution characteristics of landfill by different shape and different type have been obtained through numerical simulation of landfill armed with finite element method, which provides the theory evidence for the physical field explanation of measuring leakage contamination in landfill.
This paper for the first time measured five landfills of Beijing and Baoding by adopting ground penetrating radar method, density resistivity method, induced polarization method , high-precision magnetic measurement and transient electromagnetic method, got the first hand information about geophysical detection of landfill, and found out the laws and characteristic of geophysical abnormal of different landfills, especially Baoding Hancun landfill which was systematically detected.
Through the research, the fact that geophysical exploration method and technology of landfill is electromagnetism method is proved. The practice has proved that ground penetrating radar method, density resistivity method, induced polarization method and high-precision magnetic measurement are all effective in detecting leakage contamination of landfill. Different geophysical methods have different depth of exploration which leads to different application effect. Therefore, in the practice, we should choose better method according to the specific problem.
本论文针对垃圾渗漏污染问题,对物性进行了较全面的研究。实测了北神树垃圾渗漏液和安定垃圾渗漏液的电阻率值的大小,揭示了渗漏液的电阻率值。在实验室进行了醋酸溶液和四氯化碳溶液不同浓度下的电阻率变化测试,指出了异常分布的规律。在砂槽用润滑油模拟测试了油污染实验,得到了油气污染的特征。研究结果为地球物理污染检测提供了物性基础。
从理论上对目标体与异常响应关系进行了深入的研究。一是采用理论公式计算了均匀球体的异常特征,指出了异常响应与其物性大小和埋深的关系;二是采用有限元法对垃圾填埋场进行了数值模拟,得到了不同形状、种类的垃圾填埋场的异常规律和分布特征,为实测垃圾填埋场渗漏污染的物理场解释给出理论依据。
首次采用探地雷达法、高密度电阻率法、激发极化法、高精度磁测法和瞬变电磁法五种地球物理方法对北京和保定五个垃圾填埋场进行了实际勘测,得到了垃圾填埋场地球物理检测的第一手资料,查明了不同种类的垃圾场地球物理异常的规律和特征,特别是对河北保定韩村垃圾填埋场,进行了系统的检测研究。通过研究,确立了垃圾填埋场地球物理探测的有效方法与技术为电磁类方法。
实践证明,垃圾填埋场渗漏污染检测中,探地雷达法、高密度电阻率法、激发极化法和高精度磁测法均有一定的效果,不同的地球物理方法其勘探深度各不相同,应用效果不同,应根据实际具体问题具体分析,从中折衷优选出较好的方法。
At present, geophysical methods have been widely applied in detecting garbage structure、landfill scope and landfill leachate, etc. The main purpose is to do the research on geophysical field and physical characteristics changes of earth substances around the landfill site by the geophysical methods. In the process of dealing with the landfills and related problems, geophysical methods and technologies have played a more and more important role. It has become an indispensable method in the field of municipal solid waste management as the technology progress of geophysical exploration and the improvement of data processing.
This paper did a complete study on the physicality of garbage leakage, measured the resistivity of garbage leachate of Bei Shenshu and Anding, and revealed the resistivity of garbage leachate. The tests of changes in resistivity under different densities of acetic acid and CCl4 liquor have been made in the laboratory, and the law of abnormal distribution is pointed. The characteristic of oil pollution has been found by the simulation test of oil pollution in sand launder by lubricating oil. The research result provided the physical basis to the geophysical contamination detection.
The deep research on the relationship between target solid and exception response has been conducted from the theory. On the one side, the abnormal characteristic of uniform sphere was calculated by theoretical formula, and the relationship between exception response and its physical size and depth of burial. On the other side, the abnormal rule and the distribution characteristics of landfill by different shape and different type have been obtained through numerical simulation of landfill armed with finite element method, which provides the theory evidence for the physical field explanation of measuring leakage contamination in landfill.
This paper for the first time measured five landfills of Beijing and Baoding by adopting ground penetrating radar method, density resistivity method, induced polarization method , high-precision magnetic measurement and transient electromagnetic method, got the first hand information about geophysical detection of landfill, and found out the laws and characteristic of geophysical abnormal of different landfills, especially Baoding Hancun landfill which was systematically detected.
Through the research, the fact that geophysical exploration method and technology of landfill is electromagnetism method is proved. The practice has proved that ground penetrating radar method, density resistivity method, induced polarization method and high-precision magnetic measurement are all effective in detecting leakage contamination of landfill. Different geophysical methods have different depth of exploration which leads to different application effect. Therefore, in the practice, we should choose better method according to the specific problem.
引文
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[27]葛双成.环境地球物理学的发展及展望.浙江地质,2000,16(2):9--14
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[30]黄晓夏,李玉云,王中伟.垃圾填埋场的结构设计及渗漏分析.环境卫生工程,2009,17(5):13--16
[31]胡祥云,杨迪坤,刘少华,胡正旺.环境与工程地球物理的发展趋势.地球物理学进展,2006, 21(2):598--604
[32]路鹏,余长康,张劲松.北京市垃圾填埋场的运行现状及发展方向.环境卫生工程,2008,(1):13--15
[33]梁文.浅谈适合北方的垃圾渗沥液处理技术.环境科学与管理,2005,30(5):71--72
[34]栾智慧,王树国.北京垃圾渗沥液处理工艺选择研究.城市管理与科技,2003,5(4):157--161
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[2] Castillo M, Barcelo D.Characterisation of organic pollutants in textile wastewaters and landfill leachate by using toxicity-based fractionation methods followed by liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detection.ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA,2001,426(2):253--264
[3] Dinesh Kumar and B.J.Alappat, Monitoring leachate composition at a municipal landfill site in NewDelhi, India. International journal of environment and pollution,2003,(5):454--465
[4] D.S.Mac FARLANE,J.A.CHERRY,R.W.GILLHAM.Migration of contaminants in groundwater at Borden landfill,Ontario,Canada 1.Groundwater Flow Plum Delineation. A special issue of Journal of Hydrology,1983,63:1--2
[5] Edwin S.Robinson,Cahit Coruh.Basic Exploration Geophysics. USA:John Wiley & SONS,1988.
[6] Gregory P.Stanton,Tony P.Schrader.Surface Geophusical Investigation of a Chemical Waste Landfill in Northwestern Arkansas. In:Eve L.Kuninansky,eds.Water-Resources Investigations Report.U.S:Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings,2001.107--115
[7] Hancock,GR.The impact of different gridding methods on catchment geomorphology and soil erosion over long timescales using a landscape evolution model. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2006, 31(8):1035--1050
[8] United States Environmental Protection Agency .EPA-542-R-00-003. Innovations in Site Characterization:Geophysical Investigation at Hazardous Waste Sites. USA:Office of Soil Waste and Emergency Response. 2000.8
[9] Jeff Shragge.Differential mesh generation.SEG Expanded Abstracts,2006,(25):2206--2210
[10]Joe B,Matt P and Bill M.High-resolution magnetic mapping of contaminated sediments in urbanized environments.The Leading Edge,2001,20(8):886-889.
[11]Jonh M.Reynolds.An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics.USA:John Wiley & SONS,1997.
[12] John M. Reynolds, Environmental geophysics investigations in urban areas. First Break,2004,22(9):63--69
[13]Lee C Y,YunJ K,KimKH,et al.Evaluation of remedial alternatives using geophysical survey and characterization of asbestos containing material in landfill.Proceeding sardinia,ninth international waste management and landfill symposium.2003.
[14]Lindsay N Meads,Laurence R Bentley,Carl A Mendoza.Application of electrical resistivity imaging to the development of a geologic model for a proposed edmontion landfill site. Can.Geotech,2003,(40):551--559
[15]Ludvigsen L, Albrechtsen HJ, Heron G, et al..Anaerobic microbial redox processes in a landfill leachate contaminated aquifer (Grindsted, Denmark) JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY,1998,33(3):273--291
[16]Murali Sabnavis,N.S.Patangay.Principles and Application of GroundwaterGeophysics.India:Association of Exploration Geophysicsists,1998.
[17]Reitzel LA, Ledin A.Determination of phenols in landfill leachate-contaminated groundwaters by solid-phase extraction. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A,2002,972(2):175--182
[18]U S Army Crops of Engineers.Geophysical Exploration for Engineering and Environmental Investigations.USA:ASCE Press,1995.
[19]U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Department of Defense.U.S.Air Force.U.S.Army.U.S.Navy Department of Energy.Department of Interior Natinal Aeronautics and Space Administration Tennessee Valley Authority Coast Guard.EPA 542-R-98-020.Geophysical Tchniques to Locate DNAPLs:Profiles of Federally Funded Projects.USA:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Department of Defense.U.S.Air Force.U.S.Army.U.S.Navy Department of Energy.Department of Interior National Aeronautics and Space Administration Tennessee Valley Authority Coast Guard,1998-10
[20]Xiong Li and Hans-Jürge G?tze.Comparison of some gridding methods. The Leading Edge,1999,18(8):898--900
[21]北京市环保局,北京市地勘局地质工程勘察院.北京市生活垃圾填埋场污染风险评价.2006
[22]陈欢欢,李星,丁文秀. Surfer 8.0等值线绘制中的十二种插值方法.工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1):52--57
[23]程业勋,刘海生,赵章元.城市垃圾污染的地球物理调查.工程地球物理学报,2004,1(1):26--30
[24]程业勋,杨进,赵章元.环境地球物理学的现状与发展.地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1364--1369
[25]程业勋,杨进.环境地球物理学概论.北京:地质出版社.2005.37-209
[26]杜良法,黄壮远,孙瑞举.地质灾害监测中环境地球物理方法综述.西部探矿工程,2008,(2):86--88
[27]葛双成.环境地球物理学的发展及展望.浙江地质,2000,16(2):9--14
[28]韩丽娜,石昊苏.利用Surfer8.0绘制地质等值线图.计算机与现代化,2008,(11):84---87
[29]亨利(Henry Kibet Rothich).北京市垃圾填埋场污染风险评价( Landfill Pollution Risk Assessment in Beijing-China):[博士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2006
[30]黄晓夏,李玉云,王中伟.垃圾填埋场的结构设计及渗漏分析.环境卫生工程,2009,17(5):13--16
[31]胡祥云,杨迪坤,刘少华,胡正旺.环境与工程地球物理的发展趋势.地球物理学进展,2006, 21(2):598--604
[32]路鹏,余长康,张劲松.北京市垃圾填埋场的运行现状及发展方向.环境卫生工程,2008,(1):13--15
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