煤矿塌陷水域水质影响因素及其污染综合评价方法研究
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摘要
伴随着煤矿生产规模的扩大和煤电一体化进程的实施,矿区生产生活用水问题日益突出,矿区水资源的缺乏已制约了煤炭工业的发展。而伴随着煤炭的大规模开采,在地下水埋藏较浅的矿区已形成了大面积的煤矿塌陷积水域,因此研究塌陷水域水质演变规律及其控制影响因素,准确评价水质状况,预测水环境变化趋势,对于节约资源提高水资源利用率、避免地下水过度开采具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。
为研究控制影响因素在水质演变过程中的作用,论文以淮南矿区为例,针对煤矿塌陷水域水资源形成特征,结合塌陷水域水质控制影响因素的特点,选取了封闭性能好、塌陷年龄不同的张集、谢桥、潘一矿塌陷水域进行了连续监测,分析其水质指标随塌陷年龄增长的演变特征。结果显示,塌陷水域中总磷、总氮、总硬度、重金属元素等指标具有累积效应。水质指标相关性分析结果显示,塌陷水域水质特征的形成主要受矿业污染源、农业污染源、矿井开采微震因素的控制影响。
针对井下开采微震因素对塌陷水域水质的控制影响,论文选用具有数据连续采集、大存储量功能的动态信号监测系统,对潘一矿1612(1)工作面采动区、采空区进行了微振监测实验。实验结果表明,在巨厚松散层条件下,地面仍能监测到震动信号,且信号主频为37HZ。为验证微震控制影响下塌陷水域水质演变特征,论文引入相似材料模拟理论,采用物理模型模拟试验方法论证水质变化情况。研究结果表明在微震因素影响下,悬浮物大量吸附重金属离子并产生沉淀,塌陷水体中重金属含量随微震时间增长而减小,最后逐渐稳定。
另外,针对水质评价工作中,评价指标选取的合理性及评价模型准确性的问题,论文将主成分分析法与模糊综合评价法结合构建了塌陷水域水质综合评价模型。在评价过程中,对主成分分析法采用逆指标“倒数法”变换、用“对数化法”对指标进行无量纲化两个方面进行改进,提高第一主成分的贡献率;对模糊综合评价法在评价指标因子选取上进行了改进,采用累积方差贡献率大于85%进行判断选取评价因子。
论文分析了GIS与环境评价模型相结合方式,利用ArcGIS Engine与C#建立水质污染综合评价信息系统。为了实现水质污染综合评价可视化,采用泛克里格插值方法实现监测数据由点到面的转变。利用ArcGIS Engine中的UniversalKriging模型求解潘一矿东、西塌陷水域污染物分布专题图,可以真实、准确地反映环境的实际状况。
在水质污染综合评价信息系统中,论文引入了矿山开采沉陷学理论,运用概率积分法建立开采沉陷面积预计数学模型,对矿井开采计划内的塌陷水域未来发展趋势进行预测,并绘制了潘集矿区年度下沉等值线,使管理者对潘集矿区塌陷水域发展趋势有一个清晰的认识。
With increasing of the scale of coal exploitation and coal-electricity integrated complex, the water problem in mining area becomes increasingly prominent and the lack of water resource has restricted the industry to develop. Meanwhile, it has formed coal mining subsided water area in large scale by coal production where the groundwater is shallow. So it is of great scientific value and practical significance to study the subsided water quality change regularity and the contor and influence factor, exactly appraise the water quality, and predict the change trend of water environment. It can save the resource, increase the utilization rate and avoid over-exploited of underground.
In order to study the evolvement characteristics of water quality in different subsided water area with different subsidence age, Panxie mining area of Huainan city is taken in this dissertation. According to the traits of subsided water environment and controlling and influencing factors of water quality, Zhangji, Xieqiao and Panyi mining subsided water areas with different subsidence age and good closed condition are selected to monitor the water indexes and research the evolvement characteristics regularity with time increasing. The results show that total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total hardness and heavy metal elements have cumulative effect. The formation of subsided water quality traits is mainly influenced by mining pollution source, agricultural pollution source and microseism.
According to the controlling influence of microseism factor to the subsided water quality, dynamic signal monitoring system with data continuous collection, large storage capacity is selected to do microseism monitoring experiment to 1612 (1) working and goaf section of Panyi mining area. The results show that microseism signal can be received from the ground in thick loose layer condition and the signal frequency is 37HZ. To find the water quality regularity influenced by microseism, similar materials simulation theory and physical model simulation method are used to study the water quality. The conclusion is that suspended solids absorbed lots of heavy metal i as and deposited. Besides, the content of heavy metal elements decreased till in stability as microseism time increasing.
In addition, the comprehensive assessment model of subsided water quality is built with the combination of principal component analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, according to the reasonableness of assessment indexes and accuracy of the model. In the assessment process, the inverse indicator of "countdown method" is used in principal component analysis method and "logarithmization method" is used to the indexes from the non-dimensional aspect, enhancing the contribution of the first principal component rate. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation factor in the evaluation of selected indicators is carried out to improve the use of the cumulative variance contribution rate of more than 85% evaluation factor to determine the selection.
The combination style of GIS and environmental assessment model is analyzed in this dissertation, using ArcGIS Engine and C # to set up a water quality assessment information system. In order to make the comprehensive assessment of water quality visual, Universal Kriging interpolation method is used to achieve the transformation of monitoring data from point to surface. The Universal Kriging model of ArcGIS Engine is used to solve the distribution map of water pollutants in the east and west subsided water areas of Panyi mine, which can reflect the actual state of the environment truly and accurately when the water quality monitoring data are adequate.
The mining subsidence theory and the probability-integral method are used to establish mathematical model for predicting the subsidence area. Forecasting the future development trends of subsided water area in the mining plan and mapping the annual sinking isoline chart of Panji mine area, it will make the administrators have a clear recognition of the subsided water area development trend of Panji mining area.
为研究控制影响因素在水质演变过程中的作用,论文以淮南矿区为例,针对煤矿塌陷水域水资源形成特征,结合塌陷水域水质控制影响因素的特点,选取了封闭性能好、塌陷年龄不同的张集、谢桥、潘一矿塌陷水域进行了连续监测,分析其水质指标随塌陷年龄增长的演变特征。结果显示,塌陷水域中总磷、总氮、总硬度、重金属元素等指标具有累积效应。水质指标相关性分析结果显示,塌陷水域水质特征的形成主要受矿业污染源、农业污染源、矿井开采微震因素的控制影响。
针对井下开采微震因素对塌陷水域水质的控制影响,论文选用具有数据连续采集、大存储量功能的动态信号监测系统,对潘一矿1612(1)工作面采动区、采空区进行了微振监测实验。实验结果表明,在巨厚松散层条件下,地面仍能监测到震动信号,且信号主频为37HZ。为验证微震控制影响下塌陷水域水质演变特征,论文引入相似材料模拟理论,采用物理模型模拟试验方法论证水质变化情况。研究结果表明在微震因素影响下,悬浮物大量吸附重金属离子并产生沉淀,塌陷水体中重金属含量随微震时间增长而减小,最后逐渐稳定。
另外,针对水质评价工作中,评价指标选取的合理性及评价模型准确性的问题,论文将主成分分析法与模糊综合评价法结合构建了塌陷水域水质综合评价模型。在评价过程中,对主成分分析法采用逆指标“倒数法”变换、用“对数化法”对指标进行无量纲化两个方面进行改进,提高第一主成分的贡献率;对模糊综合评价法在评价指标因子选取上进行了改进,采用累积方差贡献率大于85%进行判断选取评价因子。
论文分析了GIS与环境评价模型相结合方式,利用ArcGIS Engine与C#建立水质污染综合评价信息系统。为了实现水质污染综合评价可视化,采用泛克里格插值方法实现监测数据由点到面的转变。利用ArcGIS Engine中的UniversalKriging模型求解潘一矿东、西塌陷水域污染物分布专题图,可以真实、准确地反映环境的实际状况。
在水质污染综合评价信息系统中,论文引入了矿山开采沉陷学理论,运用概率积分法建立开采沉陷面积预计数学模型,对矿井开采计划内的塌陷水域未来发展趋势进行预测,并绘制了潘集矿区年度下沉等值线,使管理者对潘集矿区塌陷水域发展趋势有一个清晰的认识。
With increasing of the scale of coal exploitation and coal-electricity integrated complex, the water problem in mining area becomes increasingly prominent and the lack of water resource has restricted the industry to develop. Meanwhile, it has formed coal mining subsided water area in large scale by coal production where the groundwater is shallow. So it is of great scientific value and practical significance to study the subsided water quality change regularity and the contor and influence factor, exactly appraise the water quality, and predict the change trend of water environment. It can save the resource, increase the utilization rate and avoid over-exploited of underground.
In order to study the evolvement characteristics of water quality in different subsided water area with different subsidence age, Panxie mining area of Huainan city is taken in this dissertation. According to the traits of subsided water environment and controlling and influencing factors of water quality, Zhangji, Xieqiao and Panyi mining subsided water areas with different subsidence age and good closed condition are selected to monitor the water indexes and research the evolvement characteristics regularity with time increasing. The results show that total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total hardness and heavy metal elements have cumulative effect. The formation of subsided water quality traits is mainly influenced by mining pollution source, agricultural pollution source and microseism.
According to the controlling influence of microseism factor to the subsided water quality, dynamic signal monitoring system with data continuous collection, large storage capacity is selected to do microseism monitoring experiment to 1612 (1) working and goaf section of Panyi mining area. The results show that microseism signal can be received from the ground in thick loose layer condition and the signal frequency is 37HZ. To find the water quality regularity influenced by microseism, similar materials simulation theory and physical model simulation method are used to study the water quality. The conclusion is that suspended solids absorbed lots of heavy metal i as and deposited. Besides, the content of heavy metal elements decreased till in stability as microseism time increasing.
In addition, the comprehensive assessment model of subsided water quality is built with the combination of principal component analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, according to the reasonableness of assessment indexes and accuracy of the model. In the assessment process, the inverse indicator of "countdown method" is used in principal component analysis method and "logarithmization method" is used to the indexes from the non-dimensional aspect, enhancing the contribution of the first principal component rate. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation factor in the evaluation of selected indicators is carried out to improve the use of the cumulative variance contribution rate of more than 85% evaluation factor to determine the selection.
The combination style of GIS and environmental assessment model is analyzed in this dissertation, using ArcGIS Engine and C # to set up a water quality assessment information system. In order to make the comprehensive assessment of water quality visual, Universal Kriging interpolation method is used to achieve the transformation of monitoring data from point to surface. The Universal Kriging model of ArcGIS Engine is used to solve the distribution map of water pollutants in the east and west subsided water areas of Panyi mine, which can reflect the actual state of the environment truly and accurately when the water quality monitoring data are adequate.
The mining subsidence theory and the probability-integral method are used to establish mathematical model for predicting the subsidence area. Forecasting the future development trends of subsided water area in the mining plan and mapping the annual sinking isoline chart of Panji mine area, it will make the administrators have a clear recognition of the subsided water area development trend of Panji mining area.
引文
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