连锁零售供应链优化关键问题研究
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摘要
连锁零售供应链是以连锁零售企业作为核心企业的供应链,是整体供应链的一部分,它由连锁零售企业主导、运转动力主要来自消费者的需求拉动。连锁零售供应链的优化不仅能加速社会消费品的健康、快速流转,而且可以提升连锁零售企业的战略竞争力,降低经营成本,增加利润空间。近年来,连锁零售作为我国一种主要的商业经营方式和组织形式得到了不断的推广和发展,但目前对连锁零售供应链进行优化的研究还比较少,无论在国外还是国内都还是一个崭新的子课题。在对连锁零售企业进行深入调查访问的基础上,本文对连锁零售供应链的几个关键环节进行了优化研究,建立了相关的优化模型和求解算法,并最终以湘潭市步步高商业连锁股份有限公司为应用背景设计和实现了一个供应商选择与评价软件系统。本文的主要研究内容和创新成果如下:
首先,论文以目前生产制造企业对供应商进行选择与评价的评价指标体系为基础,结合连锁零售企业经营的实际情况和走访与问卷调查结果,为连锁零售企业选择与评价供应商设计了一套较为科学合理的指标体系,并为每一个指标设计了量化与度量的方法和原则;然后在这套评价指标体系的基础上,针对连锁零售企业与供应商建立合作关系的实际,为连锁零售企业选择与评价供应商建立了基于熵权和理想点法的品类供应商选择评价模型和可替代消费品采购数量分配问题的多目标整数线性规划模型。这是本文研究的一个主要创新点。
其次,论文根据一个连锁经营企业在同一城市一般只建设一个配送中心的现实情况,结合连锁零售配送中心的运作实际,用熵权对灰色局势的目标局势效果进行加权,构建了连锁配送中心离散点选址的熵权法-灰色局势决策模型;结合重心法选址的思想,引入配送中心对连锁门店的吸引力指数的概念,以配送中心对连锁门店的吸引力最大为目标函数,建立了连锁零售企业单配送中心连续选址的改进重心法模型,同时,为了使连续选址模型的最优解具有实际应用价值,用两种方法对该模型进行了优化。这是本文研究的另一个主要创新点。
第三,论文充分考虑到连锁零售企业经营过程中连锁门店持有少量库存的实际情况,从配送中心对同一地区的连锁门店实行整车配送的配送方式出发,建立了连锁零售企业同城整车配送与库存联合优化模型,并对模型的求解方法和求解过程进行了详细的分析。这也是本文的创新点之一。
最后,论文结合湘潭市步步高商业连锁股份有限公司的具体应用实际,设计开发并实现了连锁零售企业供应商选择与评价的软件系统,目前国内还暂时没有找到与连锁零售企业选择与评价供应商直接相关的同类软件系统。连锁零售企业使用该软件系统对供应商进行选择与评价,评价指标可由用户确定,评价指标属性也可根据实际情况在系统中确定,具有很强的针对性和良好的人机交互界面,评价结果和评价过程中产生的阶段性数据都方便用户随时通过窗口展现,为连锁零售企业选择与评价供应商提供了一个较为理想的软件支持。
The retail supply chain is a supply chain which is based chain retail enterprises as the core. In fact, it is a part of a whole supply chain and it is the leading chain retail, operating mainly from the pull of consumer demand. The optimization of retail supply chain not only can accelerate consumer goods flowing healthy and rapidly, but also can promote the chain retail’s strategy competitive strength, reduce its operating costs and increase its profit margin. In recent years, the chain retail in China as a major business management and organizational forms has been the constant promotion and development. But, the research about the optimization of chain retail is still relatively small, and whether domestic or abroad it is a new research subtopic. On the basis of the investigation and visit of retail enterprises deeply, the dissertation makes an optimized research on several key connections of the retail supply chain. Meanwhile, the dissertation establishes some interrelated optimization models and algorithms, and, design and implement a supplier selection and evaluation software system against BuBuGao Trade Chain Share Co.Ltd applications for background. The main contents and fruits of this dissertation are outlined as follows:
Firstly, on the basis of manufacturing company’s supplier selection evaluation index system and combining with the chain retail enterprises actual operation results and the survey, the dissertation has designed a more scientific and rational evaluation index system for the chain retail enterprises selecting and evaluating their suppliers. In addition, the dissertation has designed the measuring and quantifying methods and principles for every indicator. Then, based on the index system and considering the factual cooperative relations between the chain retail enterprises and the suppliers, we establish a model based on entropy and plus-minus TOPSIS for chain retail selecting suppliers and a multi-objective integer linear programming model about distribution of purchasing amount in chain retail enterprise. This is one of the main points of innovation.
Secondly, based the reality of one chain retail enterprise building one distribution center commonly in one city or in one area, and considering the operation practice of the chain retail distribution center, the dissertation weights on the target situation effect of the gray situation using entropy weight and establishes a discrete location model based on entropy weight and gray situation of the chain retail distribution center. On the other hand, combining with the idea of the gravity method and introducing the concept of attractiveness index of the distribution center affecting the chain stores, we establish an improved gravity sequential location model with the objective function as the maximum value the attraction index. Then, in order to make the optimal solution of the sequential location model having practical application value, we optimize the model using two methods. This is the other of the main points of innovation.
Thirdly, taking the fact of chain stores holding a small amount of inventory into consideration and considering the distribution ways of distribution center, the dissertation establishes a truck-load distribution optimization model in one city for chain retail distribution center. The detailed analysis of the solution and the process of solving about the model are given in the dissertation. This is also a point of innovation.
Finally, the dissertation designs and develops a software system for chain retail enterprises selection and evaluation their suppliers based on the BuBuGao Trade Chain Share Co.Ltd applications. At present, we have not found a similar software system directly related to chain retail enterprises choosing and evaluating suppliers. When the chain retailers using the software to select and evaluate the suppliers, the user can determine the evaluation indexes and their properties in the system. It is very purposeful and good human-computer interface, and the user can look over the evaluation results and the interim achievements by the window expediently. For the chain retail companies selecting and evaluating suppliers, it provides a better software support.
首先,论文以目前生产制造企业对供应商进行选择与评价的评价指标体系为基础,结合连锁零售企业经营的实际情况和走访与问卷调查结果,为连锁零售企业选择与评价供应商设计了一套较为科学合理的指标体系,并为每一个指标设计了量化与度量的方法和原则;然后在这套评价指标体系的基础上,针对连锁零售企业与供应商建立合作关系的实际,为连锁零售企业选择与评价供应商建立了基于熵权和理想点法的品类供应商选择评价模型和可替代消费品采购数量分配问题的多目标整数线性规划模型。这是本文研究的一个主要创新点。
其次,论文根据一个连锁经营企业在同一城市一般只建设一个配送中心的现实情况,结合连锁零售配送中心的运作实际,用熵权对灰色局势的目标局势效果进行加权,构建了连锁配送中心离散点选址的熵权法-灰色局势决策模型;结合重心法选址的思想,引入配送中心对连锁门店的吸引力指数的概念,以配送中心对连锁门店的吸引力最大为目标函数,建立了连锁零售企业单配送中心连续选址的改进重心法模型,同时,为了使连续选址模型的最优解具有实际应用价值,用两种方法对该模型进行了优化。这是本文研究的另一个主要创新点。
第三,论文充分考虑到连锁零售企业经营过程中连锁门店持有少量库存的实际情况,从配送中心对同一地区的连锁门店实行整车配送的配送方式出发,建立了连锁零售企业同城整车配送与库存联合优化模型,并对模型的求解方法和求解过程进行了详细的分析。这也是本文的创新点之一。
最后,论文结合湘潭市步步高商业连锁股份有限公司的具体应用实际,设计开发并实现了连锁零售企业供应商选择与评价的软件系统,目前国内还暂时没有找到与连锁零售企业选择与评价供应商直接相关的同类软件系统。连锁零售企业使用该软件系统对供应商进行选择与评价,评价指标可由用户确定,评价指标属性也可根据实际情况在系统中确定,具有很强的针对性和良好的人机交互界面,评价结果和评价过程中产生的阶段性数据都方便用户随时通过窗口展现,为连锁零售企业选择与评价供应商提供了一个较为理想的软件支持。
The retail supply chain is a supply chain which is based chain retail enterprises as the core. In fact, it is a part of a whole supply chain and it is the leading chain retail, operating mainly from the pull of consumer demand. The optimization of retail supply chain not only can accelerate consumer goods flowing healthy and rapidly, but also can promote the chain retail’s strategy competitive strength, reduce its operating costs and increase its profit margin. In recent years, the chain retail in China as a major business management and organizational forms has been the constant promotion and development. But, the research about the optimization of chain retail is still relatively small, and whether domestic or abroad it is a new research subtopic. On the basis of the investigation and visit of retail enterprises deeply, the dissertation makes an optimized research on several key connections of the retail supply chain. Meanwhile, the dissertation establishes some interrelated optimization models and algorithms, and, design and implement a supplier selection and evaluation software system against BuBuGao Trade Chain Share Co.Ltd applications for background. The main contents and fruits of this dissertation are outlined as follows:
Firstly, on the basis of manufacturing company’s supplier selection evaluation index system and combining with the chain retail enterprises actual operation results and the survey, the dissertation has designed a more scientific and rational evaluation index system for the chain retail enterprises selecting and evaluating their suppliers. In addition, the dissertation has designed the measuring and quantifying methods and principles for every indicator. Then, based on the index system and considering the factual cooperative relations between the chain retail enterprises and the suppliers, we establish a model based on entropy and plus-minus TOPSIS for chain retail selecting suppliers and a multi-objective integer linear programming model about distribution of purchasing amount in chain retail enterprise. This is one of the main points of innovation.
Secondly, based the reality of one chain retail enterprise building one distribution center commonly in one city or in one area, and considering the operation practice of the chain retail distribution center, the dissertation weights on the target situation effect of the gray situation using entropy weight and establishes a discrete location model based on entropy weight and gray situation of the chain retail distribution center. On the other hand, combining with the idea of the gravity method and introducing the concept of attractiveness index of the distribution center affecting the chain stores, we establish an improved gravity sequential location model with the objective function as the maximum value the attraction index. Then, in order to make the optimal solution of the sequential location model having practical application value, we optimize the model using two methods. This is the other of the main points of innovation.
Thirdly, taking the fact of chain stores holding a small amount of inventory into consideration and considering the distribution ways of distribution center, the dissertation establishes a truck-load distribution optimization model in one city for chain retail distribution center. The detailed analysis of the solution and the process of solving about the model are given in the dissertation. This is also a point of innovation.
Finally, the dissertation designs and develops a software system for chain retail enterprises selection and evaluation their suppliers based on the BuBuGao Trade Chain Share Co.Ltd applications. At present, we have not found a similar software system directly related to chain retail enterprises choosing and evaluating suppliers. When the chain retailers using the software to select and evaluate the suppliers, the user can determine the evaluation indexes and their properties in the system. It is very purposeful and good human-computer interface, and the user can look over the evaluation results and the interim achievements by the window expediently. For the chain retail companies selecting and evaluating suppliers, it provides a better software support.
引文
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