C4ISR体系结构建模与设计技术研究
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摘要
体系结构技术已经成为世界各国进行武器装备体系顶层设计的重要手段,并日益展现出显著的优点和巨大的潜力,有力地支持了军队转型和信息化武器装备体系的建设。同时,综合电子信息系统(C4ISR)体系结构已成为分析、验证、评估系统能力、作战概念、构建武器装备体系、制定采办决策、保证系统互操作的重要手段。
随着“平台中心战”向“网络中心战”转变和基于能力、面向服务等新概念的出现,C4ISR系统规模和复杂度剧增,用传统的体系结构技术对C4ISR体系结构进行设计和开发,存在一些问题:难以有效描述系统的整体能力、建模方法中缺少C4ISR体系结构元模型、没有提供面向对象设计方法和开发过程以及没有体系结构度量和验证方法等。这些关键技术的不足导致C4ISR系统体系结构设计和开发周期加长、费用增加、系统质量难以保证等问题。
本文以“十一五”国防预研课题“海军综合电子信息系统总体方案”(10107010101)课题的研究工作为背景,从C4ISR系统顶层设计的角度上,分析和研究了C4ISR系统体系结构、体系结构建模技术、设计方法和开发过程以及C4ISR体系结构验证等体系结构技术问题。
本文主要研究内容和创新点包括以下几点:
(1)采用基于能力的C4ISR系统体系结构框架,在作战视图、系统视图、技术视图的基础上,增加系统能力视图和相关产品,扩展和修改了作战视图和系统视图中的产品,定义了能力、作战和系统视图中的关键元素,建立了核心元素之间的映射关系,构建了系统能力、作战活动和系统功能之间三角映射关系,实现了能力视图和作战视图、系统视图、技术视图的关联和映射。
(2)基于UML的C4ISR体系结构元建模方法,利用UML扩展机制(构造机制和约束机制),增加了UML中顺序图元模型的时间和状态标志,构建了C4ISR系统行为模型的元模型,为C4ISR体系结构提供了统一的术语、严谨的语义和逻辑表示,实现了对时间和状态的描述,为体系结构验证提供了基础。
(3)基于构件面向体系结构的C4ISR体系结构设计方法,将作战节点和系统节点作为系统的构件,需求线和连接作为系统的连接件。从系统的整体能力需求分析出发,规划了C4ISR系统的能力需求和质量属性,实现了系统能力视图到作战视图与系统视图的分配,建立了系统的行为模型和部署模型,提供了一种可行的支持开发可复用、易于互操作的C4ISR系统设计方法。
(4)提出了一种基于建模仿真C4ISR体系结构可视化验证方法。将UML状态图和顺序图相结合,通过状态图产生顺序图与设计的顺序图进行可视化对比,验证了C4ISR体系结构模型的活性、一致性和时间特性;通过作战剧情驱动C4ISR体系结构的状态图动态创建系统的执行顺序图,可视化仿真C4ISR系统演化和运行,实现了系统的体系结构和主要功能的检验。
Architecture technique has become a crucial means of top-level design for weapon equipment systems in many countries,and gradually shows its notable advantages and great potential.It strongly supports for military transformation and the construction of informationalized weapon equipment systems.At the same time,C4ISR() architecture has become an important tool to analyze,validate,and evaluate system capability and operational concepts,and a means of building of weapon equipment systems,purchase decision-making,and assurance of system interoperability.
Along with the shift from "platform-centric warfare" to "network-centric warfare" and the emergence of new concepts such as capability-based and service-oriented,the size and complexity of C4ISR systems are increasing quickly.When developers use traditional architecture technique to design and develop C4ISR architectures,they encounter many problems,for example,insufficient ability to describe system capability,lack of C4ISR architecture meta-model,and the absence of object-oriented design and development process and metrics and validation for C4ISR architecture.This leads to the delay of development cycle,an increase in development costs,unassured quality of developed systems,and so on.
The dissertation is supported by 11~(th) five-year national defense pre-research project titled "General Blueprint of Navy C4ISR Systems" under the grant of No.10107010101.From the perspective of top-level design for C4ISR systems,this paper analyzes and investigates some key problems of architecture technique such as C4ISR architecture,architecture modeling,design method,development process,and architecture validation.
The main contributions and innovation work of the dissertation are presented as follows:
(1) Based on operational view,system view,and technology view, we introduce the capability-based framework for C4ISR architectures, add a capability view and its relevant products,and extend and modify some products of operational view and system view.Furthermore,this paper defines the key elements of capability view,operational view, and system view,establishes the mapping relationships among these elements and the triangle mapping relationships among capability view, operational view,and system view,so as to implement the association and mapping between capability view and operational view,system view, and technology view.
(2) This paper proposes a UML-based meta-modeling method for C4ISR architectures.We utilize UML profile such as stereotype and constraint to add tags of time and state in meta-model of UML sequence diagram so as to build the meta-model for behavior model of C4ISR systems,which provides uniform terminology,strict semantic and logical representation for C4ISR architectures.This helps developers to realize the description of time and state,and provides a basis for architecture validation.
(3) Component-based architecture-oriented C4ISR architecture design method treats operational node and system node and requirement line and connection as components and connectors of a system, respectively.On requirement analysis of overall capability of a system,we design capability requirement and quality attributes of C4ISR systems,implement the distribution from capability view to operational view and system view,set up behavior model and deployment model of a system,and provide a feasible design method for C4ISR systems that supports reusable and interoperable system design.
(4) This paper presents a visual validation method for C4ISR architectures based on modeling and simulation.Integrating UMLstate diagram and sequence diagram,we visually compare sequence diagram derived from state diagram and designed sequence diagram in order to validate liveness,consistency,and temporal features of C4ISR architecture models.The scenario-driven state diagram of C4ISR architecture will dynamically create execution sequence diagram, visually simulate the evolution and running of C4ISR systems,and accomplish the validation for main functions and architecture of the system.
随着“平台中心战”向“网络中心战”转变和基于能力、面向服务等新概念的出现,C4ISR系统规模和复杂度剧增,用传统的体系结构技术对C4ISR体系结构进行设计和开发,存在一些问题:难以有效描述系统的整体能力、建模方法中缺少C4ISR体系结构元模型、没有提供面向对象设计方法和开发过程以及没有体系结构度量和验证方法等。这些关键技术的不足导致C4ISR系统体系结构设计和开发周期加长、费用增加、系统质量难以保证等问题。
本文以“十一五”国防预研课题“海军综合电子信息系统总体方案”(10107010101)课题的研究工作为背景,从C4ISR系统顶层设计的角度上,分析和研究了C4ISR系统体系结构、体系结构建模技术、设计方法和开发过程以及C4ISR体系结构验证等体系结构技术问题。
本文主要研究内容和创新点包括以下几点:
(1)采用基于能力的C4ISR系统体系结构框架,在作战视图、系统视图、技术视图的基础上,增加系统能力视图和相关产品,扩展和修改了作战视图和系统视图中的产品,定义了能力、作战和系统视图中的关键元素,建立了核心元素之间的映射关系,构建了系统能力、作战活动和系统功能之间三角映射关系,实现了能力视图和作战视图、系统视图、技术视图的关联和映射。
(2)基于UML的C4ISR体系结构元建模方法,利用UML扩展机制(构造机制和约束机制),增加了UML中顺序图元模型的时间和状态标志,构建了C4ISR系统行为模型的元模型,为C4ISR体系结构提供了统一的术语、严谨的语义和逻辑表示,实现了对时间和状态的描述,为体系结构验证提供了基础。
(3)基于构件面向体系结构的C4ISR体系结构设计方法,将作战节点和系统节点作为系统的构件,需求线和连接作为系统的连接件。从系统的整体能力需求分析出发,规划了C4ISR系统的能力需求和质量属性,实现了系统能力视图到作战视图与系统视图的分配,建立了系统的行为模型和部署模型,提供了一种可行的支持开发可复用、易于互操作的C4ISR系统设计方法。
(4)提出了一种基于建模仿真C4ISR体系结构可视化验证方法。将UML状态图和顺序图相结合,通过状态图产生顺序图与设计的顺序图进行可视化对比,验证了C4ISR体系结构模型的活性、一致性和时间特性;通过作战剧情驱动C4ISR体系结构的状态图动态创建系统的执行顺序图,可视化仿真C4ISR系统演化和运行,实现了系统的体系结构和主要功能的检验。
Architecture technique has become a crucial means of top-level design for weapon equipment systems in many countries,and gradually shows its notable advantages and great potential.It strongly supports for military transformation and the construction of informationalized weapon equipment systems.At the same time,C4ISR() architecture has become an important tool to analyze,validate,and evaluate system capability and operational concepts,and a means of building of weapon equipment systems,purchase decision-making,and assurance of system interoperability.
Along with the shift from "platform-centric warfare" to "network-centric warfare" and the emergence of new concepts such as capability-based and service-oriented,the size and complexity of C4ISR systems are increasing quickly.When developers use traditional architecture technique to design and develop C4ISR architectures,they encounter many problems,for example,insufficient ability to describe system capability,lack of C4ISR architecture meta-model,and the absence of object-oriented design and development process and metrics and validation for C4ISR architecture.This leads to the delay of development cycle,an increase in development costs,unassured quality of developed systems,and so on.
The dissertation is supported by 11~(th) five-year national defense pre-research project titled "General Blueprint of Navy C4ISR Systems" under the grant of No.10107010101.From the perspective of top-level design for C4ISR systems,this paper analyzes and investigates some key problems of architecture technique such as C4ISR architecture,architecture modeling,design method,development process,and architecture validation.
The main contributions and innovation work of the dissertation are presented as follows:
(1) Based on operational view,system view,and technology view, we introduce the capability-based framework for C4ISR architectures, add a capability view and its relevant products,and extend and modify some products of operational view and system view.Furthermore,this paper defines the key elements of capability view,operational view, and system view,establishes the mapping relationships among these elements and the triangle mapping relationships among capability view, operational view,and system view,so as to implement the association and mapping between capability view and operational view,system view, and technology view.
(2) This paper proposes a UML-based meta-modeling method for C4ISR architectures.We utilize UML profile such as stereotype and constraint to add tags of time and state in meta-model of UML sequence diagram so as to build the meta-model for behavior model of C4ISR systems,which provides uniform terminology,strict semantic and logical representation for C4ISR architectures.This helps developers to realize the description of time and state,and provides a basis for architecture validation.
(3) Component-based architecture-oriented C4ISR architecture design method treats operational node and system node and requirement line and connection as components and connectors of a system, respectively.On requirement analysis of overall capability of a system,we design capability requirement and quality attributes of C4ISR systems,implement the distribution from capability view to operational view and system view,set up behavior model and deployment model of a system,and provide a feasible design method for C4ISR systems that supports reusable and interoperable system design.
(4) This paper presents a visual validation method for C4ISR architectures based on modeling and simulation.Integrating UMLstate diagram and sequence diagram,we visually compare sequence diagram derived from state diagram and designed sequence diagram in order to validate liveness,consistency,and temporal features of C4ISR architecture models.The scenario-driven state diagram of C4ISR architecture will dynamically create execution sequence diagram, visually simulate the evolution and running of C4ISR systems,and accomplish the validation for main functions and architecture of the system.
引文
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