济阳坳陷第三系不整合结构与输导机理研究
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摘要
从济阳坳陷不整合取心井岩心精细观察入手,结合地震、测井、镜下观察、矿物成分和元素含量测试等手段,细致研究了济阳坳陷不整合结构地质特征及不整合输导机理。研究认为济阳坳陷第三系不整合可划分为三类:Ⅰ1型结构、Ⅰ2型结构和Ⅱ型结构,完整的不整合结构包括风化粘土层、半风化岩石、未风化岩石。风化岩石矿物成分上具有方解石、长石蚀变,粘土矿物、石英相对富集的特征,元素含量具有富Fe、Al、Mn、Ti,贫Ca、Mg的变化规律,风化粘土层蚀变富集程度略高;在此基础上建立了济阳坳陷不整合结构判识图版:Al-CN-K三角判识图版、Q-PL+CA-CL三角判识图版,并总结了化学风化指标在济阳坳陷不整合的适应性及界限值,判识图版和风化指标可以对不整合结构进行准确的判识。总结了济阳坳陷不整合发育主控因素(时间、岩性、古地貌、古气候、保存条件等),建立了不整合结构发育模式,并利用模糊综合评判方法建立了济阳坳陷第三系不整合结构模糊综合评判定量预测模型。通过对不整合输导要素研究,发现非碎屑岩不整合(碳酸盐岩、变质岩、岩浆岩)孔渗类型以裂缝、溶蚀孔洞为主,见方解石、泥岩、白云石等充填物,大都为Ⅰ-Ⅱ类储层,纵向上可分为:致密带(“硬壳”)、高渗带、低渗带、非储层带四个带,其中高渗带为不整合主要的储集层和输导层;碎屑岩不整合孔渗类型以原生孔隙、长石或方解石的溶孔为主,风化岩石渗透性得到一定程度的改善,渗透性改善程度主要受母岩岩性、泥岩隔层、不整合面埋深、不整合级别等控制。为了进一步阐明不整合的输导机理,对太平油田、高青油田等不整合油藏成藏过程进行了解剖,发现不整合既可以作为输导层也可以作为遮挡层,济阳坳陷存在三种不整合控藏模式:不整合侧向输导模式、不整合“天窗”式垂向输导模式、不整合遮挡模式;综合影响不整合输导能力的各项因素:油气运移动力、阻力、输导层本身特征等,建立了不整合输导能力量化表征公式:T=(-1)biΔP×K×H×L×ρ/μ,该式是一个评价不整合输导能力的综合评价指标,可以对含油气盆地中不整合输导性能进行定量评价。
Based on the seismic data, core data, logging data, microscopy, mineralogy content and element content test etc., the geological feature of unconformity structures and transportation mechanism of unconformity in Jiyang Depression were detailedly analyzed. It is considered that the Tertiary unconformity in Jiyang Depression can be divided into three types: typeⅠ1, typeⅠ2 and typeⅡ. Unconformity generally consists of weathered clay, semi-weathered rock and unweathered rock. The weathered rock is characteristic of Feldspar and calcite leached out, while quartz and clay minerals concentrated, and is rich in Fe, Al, Mn and Ti while lack of Ca, Mg in terms of the element content, especially in the weathered clay. So established the Al-CN-K triangle chart board and Q-PL+CA-CL triangle chart board to identify the unconformity structures. The applicability and the threshold value of the chemical weathering indices in Jiyang Depression were sudied. The development model and the main controlling factors (such as time, lithology, palaeogeomorphology, palaeoclimate, conservation) of unconformity were established. The forecasting model of unconformity structure in Jiyang Depression was erected using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. By the transportation element analysis of the unconformity,found that the reservoir space of non-clastical unconformity (carbonatite, metamorphics, magmatite) contains fractures and dissolved pores, and calcite ,mudstone, dolomite are found in cave filling, and mostly are typeⅠ-Ⅱreservoir. It can be divided into four zones vertically:Including tight zone(crust), high permeability zone, low permeability zone and non-reservoir zone, in which the high permeability zone is the main reservoir and transporting layer of the unconformity. The reservoir space of clastical unconformity is dominated by primary pore and the dissolved pores of feldspar or calcite. The permeability of the weathered rock is improved in certain degree, and the improvement degree is mainly controlled by lithology of mother rock, mudstone barrier, the buried depth of the unconformity and the unconformity level etc. In order to clarify the transportation mechanism of the unconformity, the aggregation process of the Taiping oilfield and Gaoqing oilfield are studied, it indicates that the unconformity can be taken as not only pathways for oil and gas migration, but also barrier for oil and gas accumulation. There are three kinds of pool-controlling models existed in Jiyang Depression: lateral migration pattern, clearstory-like vertical migration pattern and barrier pattern. According to the influencing factors: the features of the transporting layer, the dynamics and resistance for oil and gas migration,a quantitative formula of unconformity transportation capability is erected: T=(-1)biΔP×K×H×L×ρ/μ, it is a Comprehensive evaluation index, which can evaluate the transportation capability of the unconformity precisely.
Based on the seismic data, core data, logging data, microscopy, mineralogy content and element content test etc., the geological feature of unconformity structures and transportation mechanism of unconformity in Jiyang Depression were detailedly analyzed. It is considered that the Tertiary unconformity in Jiyang Depression can be divided into three types: typeⅠ1, typeⅠ2 and typeⅡ. Unconformity generally consists of weathered clay, semi-weathered rock and unweathered rock. The weathered rock is characteristic of Feldspar and calcite leached out, while quartz and clay minerals concentrated, and is rich in Fe, Al, Mn and Ti while lack of Ca, Mg in terms of the element content, especially in the weathered clay. So established the Al-CN-K triangle chart board and Q-PL+CA-CL triangle chart board to identify the unconformity structures. The applicability and the threshold value of the chemical weathering indices in Jiyang Depression were sudied. The development model and the main controlling factors (such as time, lithology, palaeogeomorphology, palaeoclimate, conservation) of unconformity were established. The forecasting model of unconformity structure in Jiyang Depression was erected using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. By the transportation element analysis of the unconformity,found that the reservoir space of non-clastical unconformity (carbonatite, metamorphics, magmatite) contains fractures and dissolved pores, and calcite ,mudstone, dolomite are found in cave filling, and mostly are typeⅠ-Ⅱreservoir. It can be divided into four zones vertically:Including tight zone(crust), high permeability zone, low permeability zone and non-reservoir zone, in which the high permeability zone is the main reservoir and transporting layer of the unconformity. The reservoir space of clastical unconformity is dominated by primary pore and the dissolved pores of feldspar or calcite. The permeability of the weathered rock is improved in certain degree, and the improvement degree is mainly controlled by lithology of mother rock, mudstone barrier, the buried depth of the unconformity and the unconformity level etc. In order to clarify the transportation mechanism of the unconformity, the aggregation process of the Taiping oilfield and Gaoqing oilfield are studied, it indicates that the unconformity can be taken as not only pathways for oil and gas migration, but also barrier for oil and gas accumulation. There are three kinds of pool-controlling models existed in Jiyang Depression: lateral migration pattern, clearstory-like vertical migration pattern and barrier pattern. According to the influencing factors: the features of the transporting layer, the dynamics and resistance for oil and gas migration,a quantitative formula of unconformity transportation capability is erected: T=(-1)biΔP×K×H×L×ρ/μ, it is a Comprehensive evaluation index, which can evaluate the transportation capability of the unconformity precisely.
引文
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