近岸水下扇储层非均质四维模型研究
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摘要
本文以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷北部陡坡带胜坨地区发育的坨123断块沙四段近岸水下扇油藏为例,综合运用油藏地质学理论和方法,利用地震、地质、测井、试油试采和开发动态等资料,系统阐述了陆相断陷湖盆陡坡带近岸水下扇储层非均质四维模型研究的思路、方法和技术。以油藏精细地质研究为基础,静、动态研究相结合,通过深入开展储层沉积特征研究、储层沉积结构单元研究、测井解释与评价方法研究、储层非均质分级次表征方法研究、储层参数数学演化规律研究等,揭示了近岸水下扇砂砾岩储层非均质性及其动态演化规律,并以油藏开发动态为第四维,建立了近岸水下扇储层四维模型,形成了近岸水下扇储层非均质性及其动态演化研究的理论和方法体系。
论文所取得的主要成果有以下几方面:
(1)提出了近岸水下扇相控等时地层对比原则及技术流程,克服了岩性对比、砂体对比的局限与不足,建立了近岸水下扇砂砾岩体精细地层格架。
(2)通过开展近岸水下扇沉积特征研究,指出了当前近岸水下扇沉积模式中存在的问题,建立了符合重力流成因的近岸水下扇沉积新模式。
(3)通过开展储层沉积结构单元研究,精细刻画了近岸水下扇沉积的旋回性及期次性,在沉积结构单元测井识别研究的基础上,建立了近岸水下扇沉积结构单元地质模型。
(4)按照地质条件约束的测井建模与处理思路,建立了近岸水下扇砂砾岩体测井解释模型,开展了研究区多井测井解释与评价,有效提高了储层参数的解释精度。
(5)提出了一套新的储层非均质性分级次表征体系和一种基于储层物性参数累积分布特征研究的非均质定量表征新参数(储层非均质程度系数),利用新的非均质表征体系对研究区近岸水下扇储层非均质性进行了分级次表征。
(6)提出了基于油藏开发动态的储层参数演化研究方法。以不同时期测井解释资料为基础,通过划分动态井网单元,连续追踪油藏井网布局变迁及开发动态变化,定量表征储层在某一时期所经受的水驱程度,利用多元线性回归方法建立了储层参数随水驱程度的数学演化模型。
(7)以油藏开发动态作为第四维,利用储层参数随水驱程度的数学演化模型计算出开发任意时期后的储层参数库,利用地质建模软件建立了基于油藏开发动态的近岸水下扇储层四维模型。
(8)提出了一种基于单井产能序列的油藏开发效果评价方法。应用Pareto定律,通过建立油藏开发历年的单井产能序列,回归出相应的产能规模变化率,利用不同时期产能规模变化率同采出程度关系曲线对油藏开发效果进行定性评价和定量描述。其原理与油藏工程方法不同,充实和完善了当前的油藏开发效果评价体系。
(9)利用数值模拟方法、剩余油综合评价指数方法开展了近岸水下扇油藏剩余油分布规律研究,结合储层四维模型中含油饱和度分布特征对油藏剩余油分布状况进行了综合评价,阐述了储层非均质性对剩余油分布的控制作用。
(10)利用储层四维模型对近岸水下扇油藏开发调整方案进行了优化设计,取得了良好的调整效果和经济效益。根据调整后油藏的开发动态和开发趋势,更新了油藏调整后的储层参数及剩余油分布模型,有效指导了油藏的高效开发。
This paper took the nearshore subaqueous fans system in the 4th member of Shahejieformation in T123 Block of Shengtuo oilfield for example. By using the theory of reservoirgeology and comprehensive data including seismic, geology, log, production test anddevelopment performance, the paper elaborated systematically the theory, approach andtechnique about the heterogeneity and 4 dimensional reservoir model of nearshoresubaqueous fans system in the steep slope belt of rift basin.
The study combined the static and dynamic research on the nearshore subaqueous fanssystem, developed the sedimentary characterization, architectural element, log analysis andevaluation, hierarchical heterogeneity characterization, evolutionary pattern of the reservoirparameter in depth. As an innovative outcome, the paper revealed the heterogeneity andevolutionary pattern of the nearshore subaqueous fans system in T123 Block of Shengtuooilfield, built a 4 D reservoir model, and form a series theory and method about theheterogeneity and dynamic evolution of nearshore subaqueous fans system.
The paper achieved some innovational scientific payoffs. Main achievements of thestudy are summarized as following:
(1)The principle and technical path of the geologic correlation about nearshoresubaqueous fans system has been proposed, which overcome the defects of the lithologiccorrelation. According to the facies controlled correlation, the delicate strata framework of thenearshore subaqueous fans system has been built.
(2)Based on the research of sedimentary characterization, the new sedimentation modelof the nearshore subaqueous fans has been established, which genesis coincided with thedensity current.
(3)The architectural element of the nearshore subaqueous fans has been identified anddivided. On the base of architectural element research, the cyclicity and stage of the nearshore subaqueous fans have been characterized delicately. The method to identify the architecturalelement by log attribute also has been draw up, and the geological model of the architecturalelement has been built to show us detailed feature of the nearshore subaqueous fans visually.
(4)The log interpretation model fitted for glutenite reservoir of the nearshore subaqueousfans has been established. The accuracy degree of reservoir parameters which figured out bynew log interpretation model was higher than other interpretation model before.
(5)A new system to characterize the heterogeneity hierarchically was worked out. As animportant part in this system, a new parameter based on the research about the permeabilitycumulative distribution was proposed to characterize the macroscopic heterogeneity degreequantitatively, named as coefficient of heterogeneity degree. According to the new system, theheterogeneity of the nearshore subaqueous fans has been characterized hierarchically in thescale of microscopic, one dimension, two dimension, three dimension and four dimension.
(6)Amethod to study the evolutionary model of reservoir parameters has been developedinitiatively. Suffered secular waterflood development, the properties of heterogeneousreservoir would be changed. The variance of reservoir properties between different stages isdecided by the degree of water drive in the same flow unit, and the subsequent reservoirproperties is a function of original reservoir properties and degree of water drive. A series ofdynamic evolution data of reservoir properties can be obtained by delimiting the dynamicwell pattern unit, tracing the change of well pattern and development performance, andcharacterizing the degree of water drive quantitatively. The mathematical evolutionary modelof reservoir properties can be achieved by using of multivariate regression analysis.
(7)According to the mathematical evolutionary model, the reservoir properties in anytime after exploitation can be figured out, and the 4 dimensional reservoir model based ondevelopment performance has been set up by PETREL.
(8)A new method was proposed to evaluate reservoir development effectiveness. Basedon the law of Pareto, a series of individual well deliverability sequence over the years can beestablished, and the effectiveness of development can be analyzed qualitatively and evaluatedquantitatively by means of the correlation between the degree of reserve recovery and the rateof change of deliverability size which derived from the linear regression of individual welldeliverability sequence. The principle of this method for evaluating effectiveness of reservoir development is different from other one based on reservoir engineering and can be enrichmentfor present evaluation system of reservoir development.
(9)Utilizing the numerical reservoir simulation and comprehensive evaluation index, Thepattern of the remaining oil distribution in the region of interest has been studied. Combinedwith the saturation distribution of remaining oil in the 4 D reservoir model, a comprehensiveevaluation about remaining oil distribution was made, which can be use to guide the reservoirdevelopment and adjustment.
(10) The development & adjustment program of the nearshore subaqueous fans reservoirin T123 Block has been optimized by using of the 4 D model, which had achieved satisfiedeffect both in technique and economy. According the development performance and tendencyof the adjusted reservoir, the 4 D model has been updated to guide the developmenteffectively.
论文所取得的主要成果有以下几方面:
(1)提出了近岸水下扇相控等时地层对比原则及技术流程,克服了岩性对比、砂体对比的局限与不足,建立了近岸水下扇砂砾岩体精细地层格架。
(2)通过开展近岸水下扇沉积特征研究,指出了当前近岸水下扇沉积模式中存在的问题,建立了符合重力流成因的近岸水下扇沉积新模式。
(3)通过开展储层沉积结构单元研究,精细刻画了近岸水下扇沉积的旋回性及期次性,在沉积结构单元测井识别研究的基础上,建立了近岸水下扇沉积结构单元地质模型。
(4)按照地质条件约束的测井建模与处理思路,建立了近岸水下扇砂砾岩体测井解释模型,开展了研究区多井测井解释与评价,有效提高了储层参数的解释精度。
(5)提出了一套新的储层非均质性分级次表征体系和一种基于储层物性参数累积分布特征研究的非均质定量表征新参数(储层非均质程度系数),利用新的非均质表征体系对研究区近岸水下扇储层非均质性进行了分级次表征。
(6)提出了基于油藏开发动态的储层参数演化研究方法。以不同时期测井解释资料为基础,通过划分动态井网单元,连续追踪油藏井网布局变迁及开发动态变化,定量表征储层在某一时期所经受的水驱程度,利用多元线性回归方法建立了储层参数随水驱程度的数学演化模型。
(7)以油藏开发动态作为第四维,利用储层参数随水驱程度的数学演化模型计算出开发任意时期后的储层参数库,利用地质建模软件建立了基于油藏开发动态的近岸水下扇储层四维模型。
(8)提出了一种基于单井产能序列的油藏开发效果评价方法。应用Pareto定律,通过建立油藏开发历年的单井产能序列,回归出相应的产能规模变化率,利用不同时期产能规模变化率同采出程度关系曲线对油藏开发效果进行定性评价和定量描述。其原理与油藏工程方法不同,充实和完善了当前的油藏开发效果评价体系。
(9)利用数值模拟方法、剩余油综合评价指数方法开展了近岸水下扇油藏剩余油分布规律研究,结合储层四维模型中含油饱和度分布特征对油藏剩余油分布状况进行了综合评价,阐述了储层非均质性对剩余油分布的控制作用。
(10)利用储层四维模型对近岸水下扇油藏开发调整方案进行了优化设计,取得了良好的调整效果和经济效益。根据调整后油藏的开发动态和开发趋势,更新了油藏调整后的储层参数及剩余油分布模型,有效指导了油藏的高效开发。
This paper took the nearshore subaqueous fans system in the 4th member of Shahejieformation in T123 Block of Shengtuo oilfield for example. By using the theory of reservoirgeology and comprehensive data including seismic, geology, log, production test anddevelopment performance, the paper elaborated systematically the theory, approach andtechnique about the heterogeneity and 4 dimensional reservoir model of nearshoresubaqueous fans system in the steep slope belt of rift basin.
The study combined the static and dynamic research on the nearshore subaqueous fanssystem, developed the sedimentary characterization, architectural element, log analysis andevaluation, hierarchical heterogeneity characterization, evolutionary pattern of the reservoirparameter in depth. As an innovative outcome, the paper revealed the heterogeneity andevolutionary pattern of the nearshore subaqueous fans system in T123 Block of Shengtuooilfield, built a 4 D reservoir model, and form a series theory and method about theheterogeneity and dynamic evolution of nearshore subaqueous fans system.
The paper achieved some innovational scientific payoffs. Main achievements of thestudy are summarized as following:
(1)The principle and technical path of the geologic correlation about nearshoresubaqueous fans system has been proposed, which overcome the defects of the lithologiccorrelation. According to the facies controlled correlation, the delicate strata framework of thenearshore subaqueous fans system has been built.
(2)Based on the research of sedimentary characterization, the new sedimentation modelof the nearshore subaqueous fans has been established, which genesis coincided with thedensity current.
(3)The architectural element of the nearshore subaqueous fans has been identified anddivided. On the base of architectural element research, the cyclicity and stage of the nearshore subaqueous fans have been characterized delicately. The method to identify the architecturalelement by log attribute also has been draw up, and the geological model of the architecturalelement has been built to show us detailed feature of the nearshore subaqueous fans visually.
(4)The log interpretation model fitted for glutenite reservoir of the nearshore subaqueousfans has been established. The accuracy degree of reservoir parameters which figured out bynew log interpretation model was higher than other interpretation model before.
(5)A new system to characterize the heterogeneity hierarchically was worked out. As animportant part in this system, a new parameter based on the research about the permeabilitycumulative distribution was proposed to characterize the macroscopic heterogeneity degreequantitatively, named as coefficient of heterogeneity degree. According to the new system, theheterogeneity of the nearshore subaqueous fans has been characterized hierarchically in thescale of microscopic, one dimension, two dimension, three dimension and four dimension.
(6)Amethod to study the evolutionary model of reservoir parameters has been developedinitiatively. Suffered secular waterflood development, the properties of heterogeneousreservoir would be changed. The variance of reservoir properties between different stages isdecided by the degree of water drive in the same flow unit, and the subsequent reservoirproperties is a function of original reservoir properties and degree of water drive. A series ofdynamic evolution data of reservoir properties can be obtained by delimiting the dynamicwell pattern unit, tracing the change of well pattern and development performance, andcharacterizing the degree of water drive quantitatively. The mathematical evolutionary modelof reservoir properties can be achieved by using of multivariate regression analysis.
(7)According to the mathematical evolutionary model, the reservoir properties in anytime after exploitation can be figured out, and the 4 dimensional reservoir model based ondevelopment performance has been set up by PETREL.
(8)A new method was proposed to evaluate reservoir development effectiveness. Basedon the law of Pareto, a series of individual well deliverability sequence over the years can beestablished, and the effectiveness of development can be analyzed qualitatively and evaluatedquantitatively by means of the correlation between the degree of reserve recovery and the rateof change of deliverability size which derived from the linear regression of individual welldeliverability sequence. The principle of this method for evaluating effectiveness of reservoir development is different from other one based on reservoir engineering and can be enrichmentfor present evaluation system of reservoir development.
(9)Utilizing the numerical reservoir simulation and comprehensive evaluation index, Thepattern of the remaining oil distribution in the region of interest has been studied. Combinedwith the saturation distribution of remaining oil in the 4 D reservoir model, a comprehensiveevaluation about remaining oil distribution was made, which can be use to guide the reservoirdevelopment and adjustment.
(10) The development & adjustment program of the nearshore subaqueous fans reservoirin T123 Block has been optimized by using of the 4 D model, which had achieved satisfiedeffect both in technique and economy. According the development performance and tendencyof the adjusted reservoir, the 4 D model has been updated to guide the developmenteffectively.
引文
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