新型立式储罐结构体系地震响应分析
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摘要
立式储罐在地震作用下的损坏,会产生严重的经济损失,特别是立式储罐多为储存易燃易爆介质,地震中易发生次生灾害,对人类的生存环境造成严重的危害和影响。随着石油工业的发展,储油罐的防震减灾已成为一项重要的研究课题。基础隔震属于结构控制领域中的一种有效方法,通过隔震层的变形来吸收地震能量,减少对上部结构的影响。基础隔震为立式储液容器的抗震设计开辟了一个新途径。
本论文针对柔性罐底隔震立式储罐进行了全面研究,内容包括储罐抗震理论分析、储罐抗震效果数值仿真分析、新型储罐抗震试验研究,以及新型隔震储罐的工程设计方法等,为这种新型抗震储罐的工程应用提供参考依据。具体研究内容和主要成果:
(1)根据柔性罐底隔震立式储罐数学模型,计算地震作用下储罐的动水压力,求解储罐基底剪力和弯矩的解析式,并建立了隔震储罐三质点简化分析计算模型。
(2)采用时程分析方法和有限元法,对柔性罐底周边隔震储罐地震响应进行全面分析,研究了系列隔震储油罐的控制效果,分析了隔震参数对柔性罐底隔震储罐的影响。对Ⅰ、Ⅱ类场地,宜取隔震频率ω=2~4rad/s;对Ⅲ、Ⅳ类场地,宜取ω=2~3rad/s。隔震阻尼比宜取ξ=0.1~0.3。理想隔震条件下,隔震储罐弯矩可降到未隔震储罐的5%~15%。
(3)对柔性罐底隔震储罐进行了地震动台试验研究。分析不同地震动波输入下,隔震储罐功率频谱变化、测点加速度反应。试验结果对比分析表明:基础隔震能有效降低储罐的地震响应,验证了理论分析和数值模拟的正确性。
(4)进行了柔性罐底隔震储罐工程设计方法研究,给出基于双参数的立式储罐隔震设计基本方法与步骤,并对等效晃动刚度、耦联振动等效刚度和阻尼等设计参数选择进行了分析。给出了基础隔震立式储罐反应谱设计方法,利用振型分解反应谱法对柔性储罐隔震体系进行了抗震分析。
(5)结合试验模型储罐的设计,给出了柔性罐底隔震储罐系统的结构设计方法和技术要求,包括储罐结构形式的设计、基础选型与设计,以及隔震层设计要求等,为隔震储罐的工程应用提供了指导性设计方法和原则。
The damage of vertical storage tank under earthquake will cause the significant economic loss. Especially the leak of flammable explosive medium, may causes the secondary disaster, which can lead to the serious destroy to the survival environment. Along with the development of oil industry, it is becoming an important research topic to reduce the storage tank seismic disaster. Base isolation, which belongs to the structure control domain, is an effective method to reduce the seismic damage; it reduces the superstructure earthquake damage by means of absorbing the earthquake energy by isolation layers. A new method of the seismic design to tanks is established by means of the base isolation.
A comprehensive research about the flexible base isolation tank is contained in this paper, such as the theoretical analysis, digital simulation analysis, experimental study, as well as the seismic tank engineering design method, in order to apply in engineering. Contents and achievements:
(1) According to the flexible base isolation tank mathematical model, the storage tank base shearing force and the base moment analysis formulas are revealed by solving the hydrodynamic pressure under earthquake, established the three centralized particles mechanics analysis model.
(2) Applying the time history analysis method and the finite element method, the control effect of series base isolation tanks is studied, analyses the influence of isolation parameters. ForⅠ、Ⅱkind locations, the reasonable isolation frequency band isω=2~4rad/s;forⅢ、Ⅳkind locations, the reasonable frequency isω=2~3rad/s, the appropriate isolation damping ratio isξ=0.1~0.3. The isolation storage tank base moment is possible fall to 5%~15% under ideal isolation parameters condition.
(3) Shaking table tests of seismic to the flexible base isolation tank are presented. Response to different seismic waves of base isolation tank, such as power frequency spectrum changes and the acceleration is analyzed. The test result indicated that, isolating base might effectively reduce the seismic response of storage tank; it also confirms the accuracy of theoretical analysis and digital simulation.
(4) The research on flexible base isolation tank engineering design method is carried on. The isolation tank essential design method and the steps based on double parameters are given, some design variable such as sloshing rigidity, fluid-solid coupling vibration rigidity, and damping ratio are discussed. In addition, the response spectrum design method is presented, and it is applied to analyses the seismic response of storage tank.
(5) Considering the design of storage tank experiment model, the structural design method and the specification is given, including the storage tank structural design, the foundation type selecting and design, as well as isolation layers design technical request. It provides a basis design principle for the engineering apply of flexible base isolation tank.
本论文针对柔性罐底隔震立式储罐进行了全面研究,内容包括储罐抗震理论分析、储罐抗震效果数值仿真分析、新型储罐抗震试验研究,以及新型隔震储罐的工程设计方法等,为这种新型抗震储罐的工程应用提供参考依据。具体研究内容和主要成果:
(1)根据柔性罐底隔震立式储罐数学模型,计算地震作用下储罐的动水压力,求解储罐基底剪力和弯矩的解析式,并建立了隔震储罐三质点简化分析计算模型。
(2)采用时程分析方法和有限元法,对柔性罐底周边隔震储罐地震响应进行全面分析,研究了系列隔震储油罐的控制效果,分析了隔震参数对柔性罐底隔震储罐的影响。对Ⅰ、Ⅱ类场地,宜取隔震频率ω=2~4rad/s;对Ⅲ、Ⅳ类场地,宜取ω=2~3rad/s。隔震阻尼比宜取ξ=0.1~0.3。理想隔震条件下,隔震储罐弯矩可降到未隔震储罐的5%~15%。
(3)对柔性罐底隔震储罐进行了地震动台试验研究。分析不同地震动波输入下,隔震储罐功率频谱变化、测点加速度反应。试验结果对比分析表明:基础隔震能有效降低储罐的地震响应,验证了理论分析和数值模拟的正确性。
(4)进行了柔性罐底隔震储罐工程设计方法研究,给出基于双参数的立式储罐隔震设计基本方法与步骤,并对等效晃动刚度、耦联振动等效刚度和阻尼等设计参数选择进行了分析。给出了基础隔震立式储罐反应谱设计方法,利用振型分解反应谱法对柔性储罐隔震体系进行了抗震分析。
(5)结合试验模型储罐的设计,给出了柔性罐底隔震储罐系统的结构设计方法和技术要求,包括储罐结构形式的设计、基础选型与设计,以及隔震层设计要求等,为隔震储罐的工程应用提供了指导性设计方法和原则。
The damage of vertical storage tank under earthquake will cause the significant economic loss. Especially the leak of flammable explosive medium, may causes the secondary disaster, which can lead to the serious destroy to the survival environment. Along with the development of oil industry, it is becoming an important research topic to reduce the storage tank seismic disaster. Base isolation, which belongs to the structure control domain, is an effective method to reduce the seismic damage; it reduces the superstructure earthquake damage by means of absorbing the earthquake energy by isolation layers. A new method of the seismic design to tanks is established by means of the base isolation.
A comprehensive research about the flexible base isolation tank is contained in this paper, such as the theoretical analysis, digital simulation analysis, experimental study, as well as the seismic tank engineering design method, in order to apply in engineering. Contents and achievements:
(1) According to the flexible base isolation tank mathematical model, the storage tank base shearing force and the base moment analysis formulas are revealed by solving the hydrodynamic pressure under earthquake, established the three centralized particles mechanics analysis model.
(2) Applying the time history analysis method and the finite element method, the control effect of series base isolation tanks is studied, analyses the influence of isolation parameters. ForⅠ、Ⅱkind locations, the reasonable isolation frequency band isω=2~4rad/s;forⅢ、Ⅳkind locations, the reasonable frequency isω=2~3rad/s, the appropriate isolation damping ratio isξ=0.1~0.3. The isolation storage tank base moment is possible fall to 5%~15% under ideal isolation parameters condition.
(3) Shaking table tests of seismic to the flexible base isolation tank are presented. Response to different seismic waves of base isolation tank, such as power frequency spectrum changes and the acceleration is analyzed. The test result indicated that, isolating base might effectively reduce the seismic response of storage tank; it also confirms the accuracy of theoretical analysis and digital simulation.
(4) The research on flexible base isolation tank engineering design method is carried on. The isolation tank essential design method and the steps based on double parameters are given, some design variable such as sloshing rigidity, fluid-solid coupling vibration rigidity, and damping ratio are discussed. In addition, the response spectrum design method is presented, and it is applied to analyses the seismic response of storage tank.
(5) Considering the design of storage tank experiment model, the structural design method and the specification is given, including the storage tank structural design, the foundation type selecting and design, as well as isolation layers design technical request. It provides a basis design principle for the engineering apply of flexible base isolation tank.
引文
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