基于构造控制的地应力预测理论与方法
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摘要
针对赵楼井田区域构造演化、矿井构造规律、地应力场特征及其预测理论与方法等研究内容,以构造与地应力的耦合关系为核心,综合运用构造地质、岩土力学、分形几何、神经网络等多个学科的理论和成果,系统分析了中小型构造的分布规律和形成演化模式,结合分形几何的信息维和容量维定量评价了矿井构造复杂程度;应用水压致裂法和应力解除法实测了井田地应力的大小和方位,结合有限元数值模拟总结了井田内地应力场的分布特征;分析了井田地应力场的主要影响因素,研究了构造控制下的地应力场变化规律,探讨了构造与地应力场的耦合关系;通过筛选和构建输入指标,建立了5×7×3结构的3层BP神经网络模型对地应力进行预测等。研究结果表明:区域构造演化控制了矿井构造的发育和演化,在剖面上表现为地堑、地垒相间的构造样式;断层信息维较之于容量维表征矿井构造复杂程度更客观、更合理;研究区以水平应力为主导,最大水平主应力的方向为NE65o～87o,最大主应力(水平)与最小主应力(垂直)的差值处于较低的水平,反映了研究区处于构造的相对稳定期,岩体不易变形与破坏;影响研究区地应力的主要因素为现代地壳运动、断裂构造、地层岩石组合和地震活动,构造特征控制了地应力场的分布格局,造成了主应力大小和方向的变化,同时,地应力场的分布对矿区构造演化又具有促进作用;在人工神经网络建模中引入具有构造意义的输入指标—岩组相对强度(I)、断层相对距离(D),实现了研究区地应力的预测,显示出其高效性和鲁棒性,更深刻的揭示了构造与地应力之间的耦合关系。
According to regional tectonic evolution, the laws of mine structure, the Characteristics of in-situ stress field, and the methods and theories of prediction for in-situ stress field etc. in Zhaolou Coal Mine, distribution law and formation-evolution model of middle and small structure were discussed systematically, combined with the information dimension of Fractal Geometry, the complex degree of mine structure was quantitative evaluated; The value and direction of in-situ stress in Zhaolou Coal Mine were measured, combined with finite element numerical simulation method, distribution characteristics of in-situ stress field were summarized; Main influence factors to in-situ stress field were analyzed, variation law of in-situ stress field controlled by the structure was studied, coupling relationship between structure and in-situ stress field was discussed; A BP neural network model having 3 layers and 5×7×3 structure was established etc. The research results show that the structural development and evolution were controlled by regional tectonic evolution, and the structural style are graben and horst in the section of mine structure; The information dimension about faults is more impersonal and reasonable than capacity dimension on the expression of complex degree in mine structure; The main influence factors to in-situ stress field in Zhaolou Coal Mine are recent crustal movements, faults, stratum assemblage and seismic activities, the distribution law of in-situ stress field and the value and direction of principal stress are controlled by geological structure, and the distribution pattern of in-situ stress field promoted the tectonic evolution; The input indexes having tectonic significance were introduced in artificial neural network modeling, such as Relative Intensity of Petrofabric(I), Relative Distance of Fault(D), the prediction of in-situ stress was feasible, the results reveal profoundly coupling relationship between structure and in-situ stress.
According to regional tectonic evolution, the laws of mine structure, the Characteristics of in-situ stress field, and the methods and theories of prediction for in-situ stress field etc. in Zhaolou Coal Mine, distribution law and formation-evolution model of middle and small structure were discussed systematically, combined with the information dimension of Fractal Geometry, the complex degree of mine structure was quantitative evaluated; The value and direction of in-situ stress in Zhaolou Coal Mine were measured, combined with finite element numerical simulation method, distribution characteristics of in-situ stress field were summarized; Main influence factors to in-situ stress field were analyzed, variation law of in-situ stress field controlled by the structure was studied, coupling relationship between structure and in-situ stress field was discussed; A BP neural network model having 3 layers and 5×7×3 structure was established etc. The research results show that the structural development and evolution were controlled by regional tectonic evolution, and the structural style are graben and horst in the section of mine structure; The information dimension about faults is more impersonal and reasonable than capacity dimension on the expression of complex degree in mine structure; The main influence factors to in-situ stress field in Zhaolou Coal Mine are recent crustal movements, faults, stratum assemblage and seismic activities, the distribution law of in-situ stress field and the value and direction of principal stress are controlled by geological structure, and the distribution pattern of in-situ stress field promoted the tectonic evolution; The input indexes having tectonic significance were introduced in artificial neural network modeling, such as Relative Intensity of Petrofabric(I), Relative Distance of Fault(D), the prediction of in-situ stress was feasible, the results reveal profoundly coupling relationship between structure and in-situ stress.
引文
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