露天转地下开采过程中高陡边坡的稳定性评价与控制技术研究
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摘要
随着国家工程建设规模和力度的不断增大,在水电、铁路、公路、矿山等工程建设中不可避免会遇到岩质高边坡的稳定性问题。边坡稳定性直接关系到建设和生产安全,尤其是高陡山区露天转地下开采边坡,不仅涉及采动条件下露天边坡的稳定,还必须保证地下采矿施工过程中的作业安全。因此,开展高陡山区露天转地下开采边坡稳定性评价与控制技术研究显得非常重要。
由于岩土体介质力学性质的复杂本质,边坡稳定性在当前仍是一个研究的热点和难点,涉及岩土、地质、环境、结构等诸多学科。本文以某铅锌矿露天边坡为研究对象,针对露天转地下开采过程中边坡稳定问题展开一系列研究,具体内容如下:
开展边坡整体稳定性研究,表明地下采动引起的应力变化使边坡和一定范围内的地表产生位移变化,分为整体和局部两种,整体位移变化表现为附近地表的水平移动和下沉;局部位移变化表现为边坡岩体的崩塌和滚落。
在矿山地质资料分析的基础上,系统地总结了露天转地下开采露天边坡的变形机理。根据矿山开采爆破方案参数进行稳定性计算,结果表明地下生产爆破对露天边坡整体稳定性有影响,特别是对西部和南部边坡软弱岩组影响较大;建立该铅锌矿露天西边坡变形数学模型,采用遗传程序设计理论对边坡整体稳定性进行预测,并对比相关观测数据,证明了该方法有很好的预测精度,预测的平均相对误差小于8%。
分析了崩塌滚石的发生机制和形成条件,确定可能发生岩崩的区域为西边坡北侧松散岩组及北边坡F_(15)断层以西;利用伪随机方法结合概率统计原理对典型断面岩石滚落的路径、弹跳高度、能量分布及休止点进行模拟分析,确定滚石的影响范围为60～80m,弹跳高度及滚落过程中动能较小。分析的结果对掌握岩崩运动过程并设计防护提供了具体的数据支持。
应用颗粒流理论建立高陡边坡滚石挡墙防护模型,对防护墙受到的应力及应变进行动态数值模拟和分析,防护强度在30MPa以上时即可满足要求,实现了防护的优化设计;最后基于对具体边坡的认识,根据粗糙集理论构建了基于粗糙集的数据挖掘系统,并对边坡稳定性进行风险评估。
Along with the continuous growth of scale and strength of state project construction, the stability problem of rocky high slope is inevitable in the engineering for hydroelectric work, railway, highway and mining construction. The stability directly connect the safety of construction and operation, especially the slope of transition from open pit to underground in high-steep hill area, which not only concerned the stability of open slope in the mining condition, but also assures the safety in the course of operation. Obviously, the study on evaluation for stability and control technique of slope during turning open pit into underground mining in high-steep area is more important.
The slope stability is still hotspot and difficult according to complex nature of mechanical properties in geotechnical media and related to many subjects about rock and soil, geology, environment, structure etc. Taken the open-pit slope at certain Lead-zinc Mine as objects, a series of research work of slope stability during turning open-pit into under mining were done, and the research includes:
Carrying out the research on slope stability, which showed stress change caused by mining work brings displacement of slope and surface in main area. Commonly the movement is divided into global and local forms, and horizontal movement and subsidence in nearby surface is represented in global change, while collapse and fall-roll of slope rock is repressed in local.
Based on the analysis of geological data, the deformation mechanism of open slope in turning underground is immortal summarized. Stability of slope is calculated according to Blasting Scheme in mining, the result shows that underground production blasts inflect the whole stable open slope, especially bad to weak rock groups of west and south slope. Mathematic model about distortion of west open slope in the Lead-zinc mine is built, and the genetic programming theory is used to predict the global stability of slope, and then contrasts with existing date. The result proved the method offering good prediction accuracy and its average relative error is lower than 8%.
Occurrence mechanism formation condition of collapse rockfall was analyzed and determinate the loose petrofabric in north side of west slope and the west strict of F_(15) fault of North Slope probably take place collapse. Combining Pseudo Random technique and probability statistics principle to analyze and model route, bounce height, energy distribution and rest points of rockfall in typical section. The result shows that the influence scope of rockfall is 60-80m and jumping height and kinetic energy variations are relatively small. Finally protection of rockfall is provided according to the statistical results.
The particle flow theory is used to establish model of protective wall about high slope rockfall, numerical simulation and dynamic analysis of stress and strain of protective wall, got that the 30MPa protective strength is enough for require, thus the design of protection can be optimize. At last, based on the knowledge of mainly slope, data mining system is constructed according to rough set theory, which is used in the case of slope stability of risk assessment.
由于岩土体介质力学性质的复杂本质,边坡稳定性在当前仍是一个研究的热点和难点,涉及岩土、地质、环境、结构等诸多学科。本文以某铅锌矿露天边坡为研究对象,针对露天转地下开采过程中边坡稳定问题展开一系列研究,具体内容如下:
开展边坡整体稳定性研究,表明地下采动引起的应力变化使边坡和一定范围内的地表产生位移变化,分为整体和局部两种,整体位移变化表现为附近地表的水平移动和下沉;局部位移变化表现为边坡岩体的崩塌和滚落。
在矿山地质资料分析的基础上,系统地总结了露天转地下开采露天边坡的变形机理。根据矿山开采爆破方案参数进行稳定性计算,结果表明地下生产爆破对露天边坡整体稳定性有影响,特别是对西部和南部边坡软弱岩组影响较大;建立该铅锌矿露天西边坡变形数学模型,采用遗传程序设计理论对边坡整体稳定性进行预测,并对比相关观测数据,证明了该方法有很好的预测精度,预测的平均相对误差小于8%。
分析了崩塌滚石的发生机制和形成条件,确定可能发生岩崩的区域为西边坡北侧松散岩组及北边坡F_(15)断层以西;利用伪随机方法结合概率统计原理对典型断面岩石滚落的路径、弹跳高度、能量分布及休止点进行模拟分析,确定滚石的影响范围为60～80m,弹跳高度及滚落过程中动能较小。分析的结果对掌握岩崩运动过程并设计防护提供了具体的数据支持。
应用颗粒流理论建立高陡边坡滚石挡墙防护模型,对防护墙受到的应力及应变进行动态数值模拟和分析,防护强度在30MPa以上时即可满足要求,实现了防护的优化设计;最后基于对具体边坡的认识,根据粗糙集理论构建了基于粗糙集的数据挖掘系统,并对边坡稳定性进行风险评估。
Along with the continuous growth of scale and strength of state project construction, the stability problem of rocky high slope is inevitable in the engineering for hydroelectric work, railway, highway and mining construction. The stability directly connect the safety of construction and operation, especially the slope of transition from open pit to underground in high-steep hill area, which not only concerned the stability of open slope in the mining condition, but also assures the safety in the course of operation. Obviously, the study on evaluation for stability and control technique of slope during turning open pit into underground mining in high-steep area is more important.
The slope stability is still hotspot and difficult according to complex nature of mechanical properties in geotechnical media and related to many subjects about rock and soil, geology, environment, structure etc. Taken the open-pit slope at certain Lead-zinc Mine as objects, a series of research work of slope stability during turning open-pit into under mining were done, and the research includes:
Carrying out the research on slope stability, which showed stress change caused by mining work brings displacement of slope and surface in main area. Commonly the movement is divided into global and local forms, and horizontal movement and subsidence in nearby surface is represented in global change, while collapse and fall-roll of slope rock is repressed in local.
Based on the analysis of geological data, the deformation mechanism of open slope in turning underground is immortal summarized. Stability of slope is calculated according to Blasting Scheme in mining, the result shows that underground production blasts inflect the whole stable open slope, especially bad to weak rock groups of west and south slope. Mathematic model about distortion of west open slope in the Lead-zinc mine is built, and the genetic programming theory is used to predict the global stability of slope, and then contrasts with existing date. The result proved the method offering good prediction accuracy and its average relative error is lower than 8%.
Occurrence mechanism formation condition of collapse rockfall was analyzed and determinate the loose petrofabric in north side of west slope and the west strict of F_(15) fault of North Slope probably take place collapse. Combining Pseudo Random technique and probability statistics principle to analyze and model route, bounce height, energy distribution and rest points of rockfall in typical section. The result shows that the influence scope of rockfall is 60-80m and jumping height and kinetic energy variations are relatively small. Finally protection of rockfall is provided according to the statistical results.
The particle flow theory is used to establish model of protective wall about high slope rockfall, numerical simulation and dynamic analysis of stress and strain of protective wall, got that the 30MPa protective strength is enough for require, thus the design of protection can be optimize. At last, based on the knowledge of mainly slope, data mining system is constructed according to rough set theory, which is used in the case of slope stability of risk assessment.
引文
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