平果铝土矿资源合理规划综合利用研究
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摘要
岩溶堆积型铝土矿是我国华南地区特有的岩溶堆积型铝土矿床类型,矿石为中铝、低硅、高铁一水硬铝石,分布广泛,储量多,经济效益巨大。其特点是矿体大小不一,连续性差,矿体极为分散,分布点多面广,由于需要考虑现有厂址的利用和接替,资源接替型的铝土矿山规划和厂址优化问题,不仅要考虑采场与选矿厂的匹配、选场厂址的确定,还要实施贫富搭配、延长铝土矿山作业年限,从而实现整体经济效益最大化,铝土矿资源规划和厂址选择集成优化问题目前国内外基本处于空白。本文运用现代物流规划、运筹学和系统工程学的思想,将选矿厂址与配矿方案从宏观上统一起来,建立了混合整数规划模型,采用Dash Optimation软件进行编程求解,获得了平果铝五大矿区资源规划和厂址优化总体方案。论文的主要研究成果如下:
(1)对平果铝五大矿区的资源情况及开采利用情况进行规划评价;对低品位堆积型铝土矿进行了开采经济性评价,从技术上和经济上论证了开采低品位铝土矿的可行性。研究认为,对平果铝矿区的铝资源的高、低品位矿石进行配矿可以满足氧化铝生产工艺所要求的合格矿石。在岩溶堆积型铝土矿生产工艺过程中,采矿场、选矿厂和堆场的合理配矿是铝土矿运营的核心,它贯穿于采场和配矿的整个流程中。论文提出了宏观采场配矿和微观堆场调配的配矿技术管理体系,为矿山供矿质量提供了保障。
(2)对整个堆积型铝土矿而言,特别是对于一些面临着资源接替的矿山,选矿厂址的位置和个数、配矿方案的选择显得尤为重要。平果铝矿的选矿厂址问题,实际上是一个物流网络规划问题,即选址、运输、生产与需求的综合匹配的问题。这个问题涉及到多个供应点和多个需求点,用一般的线性规划方法无法确定选矿厂个数和生产规模,达不到铝土矿资源利用效率最大、投资最少的目的。论文提出了运用物流网络规划的理论思想和建立混合整数规划模型的方法,能很好的解决铝土矿配矿和工业厂址选择的综合优化问题。
(3)建立了平果铝五大矿区的厂址初选方案及开拓运输拓扑网络结构,提出了平面重心法结合混合整数规划的新方法进行铝土矿工业厂址选址,将各个资源供应点的地理重心作为初始地点,根据各供矿点的位置和工业厂址的需求选取初始地点,该方法可以大量减少计算量,降低选址的盲目性。
(4)引入现代物流规划、运筹学等理论,结合铝土矿生产实践,将厂址优化与配矿方案从宏观上统一起来,建立了综合优化数学模型,解决了如下问题:在铝土矿资源储量及分布已知的情况下,保证了采场与选矿厂之间的相互匹配,并确定了合理的选矿厂址的位置和个数,这种从规划层面进行厂址位置和数量的优化方法可大量节省建设选矿厂及开拓运输道路的投资;在实现采场贫富兼采的基础上,通过对高、低品位矿石进行合理的调配,使得配矿后出矿的品位满足氧化铝生产要求,降低了生产成本,延长了矿山作业年限;
(5)以flexsim为仿真平台对平果铝露天矿装、运、卸和配矿等全过程进行模拟仿真与优化。从宏观规划和微观动态调度两个层次对仿真模型进行研究,确立了露天矿运输和厂址网络模型,提出了品位域限调度和车辆被动调度两个优化调度的观点,提高了卡车利用率,保证了供矿品位的稳定;利用ExpertFit数据处理软件确定车铝硅比及含矿率、卡车故障率等系统关键参数的概率分布;采用三因子三水平正交设计法分析了洗矿场暂存量、调度车辆数量和调度方式,通过仿真找出了最佳方案和主要影响因子,分析了敏感性,得出了A/S关系曲线图。
Karst accumulation of bauxite is a kind of peculiar bauxite deposits in South China, and the ore block is uneven, extremely distributed, low continuity and fragmentary. Further, bauxite contains mainly diaspore bauxite with middling concentration of bauxite, low concentration of Si and high concentration of Fe. As for some accumulative mines faced with both utilizing and superseding existed site, when optimizing the sites of plants and mine design, not only are mining stopes and selected scenes considered to be matched and concentration plant sites need to be determined,but also ore blending strategy of the poor and rich ores on collocation and extending server years of bauxite mines are to be implemented . Ultimately, then maximization of economic benefit are realized. Above all is nearly vacant at home and abroad. Relying on modern logistic plan, operational research and systems engineering, plant sites and blending strategy are macroscopically considered to develop optimization model of mixed integer-programming and get solutions by Dash Optimizing software,whiletime,resources plan and site optimizing plan is also achieved in five diggings of Pingguo mine. Those main results are as follows:
(1) Planning and assessing those circs of exploiting and utilizing bauxite resources in five diggings of Pingguo mine. By assessing economic benefit of exploiting low degree bauxite, the feasibility, exploiting low degree bauxite, is attested economically and technically, and gaining those conclusions: blending of high degree and low degree bauxite could meet these requires of alumina production technology. On the producing process of Karst accumulation of bauxite, reasonably blending with reason in stopes, concentration plant and stack yard, is key step in bauxite producing. It puts forward blending management system by blending macroscopically in stopes and microscopically in stack yard, which ensures ore quality provided by bauxite.
(2) As for all Karst accumulation of bauxites, especially those confronted with resources alternation, it is very important to plan the number and locations of concentration plant and select blending strategy. Actually, it is nothing but logistic network plan in Pingguo bauxite, namely, comprehensive planning on selecting location, transportation, producing and demand. However, it is hard to achieve least investment and most utilizing efficiency by common linear programming, for involved in many supply and demand spots. So, it brings forward logistic network plan and optimization model of mixed integer-programming in order to achieve blending strategy and comprehensive optimizing site.
(3) Developing comprehensive optimizing sites plan and pit haulage system of topological network in five diggings of Pingguo mine. Producing sites of bauxites are selected by combining mixed integer-programming with gravity method. This new method takes geographical barycenter of supply spots as initial place, and reducing load of calculation and blindness on selecting sites.
(4) Relying on modern logistic plan, operational research and systems engineering, plant sites and blending strategy are macroscopically considered to develop optimization model of mixed integer-programming, it gets these results as follows: in the case of knowing reserves and distribution of bauxite resources, mining stopes and selected scenes are soundly matched ,and concentration plant sites and quantity are determined.it cuts down investment on constructing concentration plant and carving out transportation roads meanwhile achieving blending strategy of the poor and rich ores on collocation ,reducing cost and extending server years of bauxite mines ,
(5) It gains the statistical model for discrete simulation by Expertfit—an data analysis software; Those optimization schemes ,including transportation network, the layout of plants and dispatching plan, are chose by discrete event system theory and operations research ,which can minimize the cost and optimize material composition; Based on the Flexsim platform, Then 3D mathematic and simulation model is set up, embodying the relation between transport, resource and facilities, thereby, which simulates vividly, analyses and optimizes the producing-transport system of strip mines. It puts forward two dispatching method, grade-threshold dispatching and passive dispatched truck, then set three indexes in orthogonal designs, including truck utilization ratio、producing-facility utilization ratio and the standard deviation of Aluminum to Silicon ratio(A/S). By analyzing the data of simulation, it gains the optimization decision-making of temporary reserves in washing bauxite site, the number of trucks and the ways of dispatching, meanwhile, forecasts and analyzes latency impact factors and sensitivity. These results validate the rationality and correctness of simulation system.
(1)对平果铝五大矿区的资源情况及开采利用情况进行规划评价;对低品位堆积型铝土矿进行了开采经济性评价,从技术上和经济上论证了开采低品位铝土矿的可行性。研究认为,对平果铝矿区的铝资源的高、低品位矿石进行配矿可以满足氧化铝生产工艺所要求的合格矿石。在岩溶堆积型铝土矿生产工艺过程中,采矿场、选矿厂和堆场的合理配矿是铝土矿运营的核心,它贯穿于采场和配矿的整个流程中。论文提出了宏观采场配矿和微观堆场调配的配矿技术管理体系,为矿山供矿质量提供了保障。
(2)对整个堆积型铝土矿而言,特别是对于一些面临着资源接替的矿山,选矿厂址的位置和个数、配矿方案的选择显得尤为重要。平果铝矿的选矿厂址问题,实际上是一个物流网络规划问题,即选址、运输、生产与需求的综合匹配的问题。这个问题涉及到多个供应点和多个需求点,用一般的线性规划方法无法确定选矿厂个数和生产规模,达不到铝土矿资源利用效率最大、投资最少的目的。论文提出了运用物流网络规划的理论思想和建立混合整数规划模型的方法,能很好的解决铝土矿配矿和工业厂址选择的综合优化问题。
(3)建立了平果铝五大矿区的厂址初选方案及开拓运输拓扑网络结构,提出了平面重心法结合混合整数规划的新方法进行铝土矿工业厂址选址,将各个资源供应点的地理重心作为初始地点,根据各供矿点的位置和工业厂址的需求选取初始地点,该方法可以大量减少计算量,降低选址的盲目性。
(4)引入现代物流规划、运筹学等理论,结合铝土矿生产实践,将厂址优化与配矿方案从宏观上统一起来,建立了综合优化数学模型,解决了如下问题:在铝土矿资源储量及分布已知的情况下,保证了采场与选矿厂之间的相互匹配,并确定了合理的选矿厂址的位置和个数,这种从规划层面进行厂址位置和数量的优化方法可大量节省建设选矿厂及开拓运输道路的投资;在实现采场贫富兼采的基础上,通过对高、低品位矿石进行合理的调配,使得配矿后出矿的品位满足氧化铝生产要求,降低了生产成本,延长了矿山作业年限;
(5)以flexsim为仿真平台对平果铝露天矿装、运、卸和配矿等全过程进行模拟仿真与优化。从宏观规划和微观动态调度两个层次对仿真模型进行研究,确立了露天矿运输和厂址网络模型,提出了品位域限调度和车辆被动调度两个优化调度的观点,提高了卡车利用率,保证了供矿品位的稳定;利用ExpertFit数据处理软件确定车铝硅比及含矿率、卡车故障率等系统关键参数的概率分布;采用三因子三水平正交设计法分析了洗矿场暂存量、调度车辆数量和调度方式,通过仿真找出了最佳方案和主要影响因子,分析了敏感性,得出了A/S关系曲线图。
Karst accumulation of bauxite is a kind of peculiar bauxite deposits in South China, and the ore block is uneven, extremely distributed, low continuity and fragmentary. Further, bauxite contains mainly diaspore bauxite with middling concentration of bauxite, low concentration of Si and high concentration of Fe. As for some accumulative mines faced with both utilizing and superseding existed site, when optimizing the sites of plants and mine design, not only are mining stopes and selected scenes considered to be matched and concentration plant sites need to be determined,but also ore blending strategy of the poor and rich ores on collocation and extending server years of bauxite mines are to be implemented . Ultimately, then maximization of economic benefit are realized. Above all is nearly vacant at home and abroad. Relying on modern logistic plan, operational research and systems engineering, plant sites and blending strategy are macroscopically considered to develop optimization model of mixed integer-programming and get solutions by Dash Optimizing software,whiletime,resources plan and site optimizing plan is also achieved in five diggings of Pingguo mine. Those main results are as follows:
(1) Planning and assessing those circs of exploiting and utilizing bauxite resources in five diggings of Pingguo mine. By assessing economic benefit of exploiting low degree bauxite, the feasibility, exploiting low degree bauxite, is attested economically and technically, and gaining those conclusions: blending of high degree and low degree bauxite could meet these requires of alumina production technology. On the producing process of Karst accumulation of bauxite, reasonably blending with reason in stopes, concentration plant and stack yard, is key step in bauxite producing. It puts forward blending management system by blending macroscopically in stopes and microscopically in stack yard, which ensures ore quality provided by bauxite.
(2) As for all Karst accumulation of bauxites, especially those confronted with resources alternation, it is very important to plan the number and locations of concentration plant and select blending strategy. Actually, it is nothing but logistic network plan in Pingguo bauxite, namely, comprehensive planning on selecting location, transportation, producing and demand. However, it is hard to achieve least investment and most utilizing efficiency by common linear programming, for involved in many supply and demand spots. So, it brings forward logistic network plan and optimization model of mixed integer-programming in order to achieve blending strategy and comprehensive optimizing site.
(3) Developing comprehensive optimizing sites plan and pit haulage system of topological network in five diggings of Pingguo mine. Producing sites of bauxites are selected by combining mixed integer-programming with gravity method. This new method takes geographical barycenter of supply spots as initial place, and reducing load of calculation and blindness on selecting sites.
(4) Relying on modern logistic plan, operational research and systems engineering, plant sites and blending strategy are macroscopically considered to develop optimization model of mixed integer-programming, it gets these results as follows: in the case of knowing reserves and distribution of bauxite resources, mining stopes and selected scenes are soundly matched ,and concentration plant sites and quantity are determined.it cuts down investment on constructing concentration plant and carving out transportation roads meanwhile achieving blending strategy of the poor and rich ores on collocation ,reducing cost and extending server years of bauxite mines ,
(5) It gains the statistical model for discrete simulation by Expertfit—an data analysis software; Those optimization schemes ,including transportation network, the layout of plants and dispatching plan, are chose by discrete event system theory and operations research ,which can minimize the cost and optimize material composition; Based on the Flexsim platform, Then 3D mathematic and simulation model is set up, embodying the relation between transport, resource and facilities, thereby, which simulates vividly, analyses and optimizes the producing-transport system of strip mines. It puts forward two dispatching method, grade-threshold dispatching and passive dispatched truck, then set three indexes in orthogonal designs, including truck utilization ratio、producing-facility utilization ratio and the standard deviation of Aluminum to Silicon ratio(A/S). By analyzing the data of simulation, it gains the optimization decision-making of temporary reserves in washing bauxite site, the number of trucks and the ways of dispatching, meanwhile, forecasts and analyzes latency impact factors and sensitivity. These results validate the rationality and correctness of simulation system.
引文
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