微粉煤燃前干法永磁高梯度磁选脱硫基础研究
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摘要
本文针对微粉煤燃前干法永磁高梯度磁选脱硫的相关问题进行了研究,对解决火力发电厂煤粉炉和炼钢厂顶吹喷粉在线脱硫,实现提质提效和防治环境污染具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。论文在以下几方面进行了研究:
在研究粉煤粒度分形分布的基础上,用物质相似普遍性的思想首次提出了煤粉硫分和灰分各粒级的总量也应符合分形分布,并应用Origin 7.5软件进行线性拟合,规划出了硫分和灰分的分形分布模型,其相关系数均在0.93以上,为脱硫降灰选择合适粒度级提供了理论依据。
对鹤壁、洛阳、兖矿、宜洛等四种煤的磁性进行了试验研究,结果表明煤的比磁化率不是一个常数,其密度、粒度组成以及灰分都对煤比磁化率有较大影响。x射线衍射分析证明造成煤的比磁化率不是常数的根本原因是煤中所含矿物质不同。
对义马结核状煤系黄铁矿磁系进行了试验研究,结果表明粒度是影响黄铁矿比磁化率的根本原因。在一定范围内,随着黄铁矿粒度减小,比磁化率直线提高,到325-500目时比磁化率最大,x衍射分析证明325-500目粒度级黄铁矿含有Fe3O4等强磁性物质。借助Design Expert6.0软件分析煤系黄铁矿磁性强化正交试验,黄铁矿粒度、磁铁粉加入量对煤系黄铁矿的比磁化率影响最大。
采用Euler-Lagrange方法建立了高梯度磁场捕集磁性粒子的动力学模型,并首次用叠加法进行了近似简化,即: u p≈kuf+upM。依据计算的粒子运动轨迹,对粒子的动力学行为进行了分析。分析发现磁场作用力、流体曳力是高梯度磁场中聚磁介质捕集磁性粒子的主导作用力,粒子磁性越强、背景磁场强度越大、磁介质磁性越强、气体流速越低粒子均向吸力中心移动,有利于粒子的捕集。
研制了圆形分选空间的永磁铠装挤压磁系试验用磁选机,采用多块环形磁体挤压和磁铠装的方式,形成了高磁场强度的圆形分选空间,该结构充分利用了永磁体的磁性能,既节约了永磁材料,又达到提高磁场强度的目的。提出了一种永磁高场强磁系装配技术工艺和工装夹具,解决了磁系装配过程中既要保护磁体又要保证装配质量的技术难题。利用该工装夹具实现了自行研制的永磁磁选机的一次装配成功,装配质量好,磁场强度高,经实测磁场强度达到1.14T。
利用磁场模拟商业软件Megnet6.22对磁路进行了参数优化。挤压磁系设计中软铁极靴的厚度是主磁体厚度的20%时可获得最佳效果;为减少漏磁,提高永磁体的磁能利用率,软铁极靴可伸入分选空间,但长度应控制在0.5mm之内;对径向充磁的铠装扇形永磁体磁场分布的模拟结果表明磁场的不均匀性决定于磁体的形状,该结论对异形永磁磁路设计提供了新思路。
设计建造了微粉煤干法高梯度永磁磁选试验系统,进行了微粉煤的分选试验研究。对洛阳煤的分选试验表明:煤粉粒度、风流速度、聚磁介质充填率等对分选效果有较大影响。以100~200目微粉煤为试验对象,采用2.5m/s风速,6~8g/min处理量,7.5%聚磁介质充填率和1.14T背景场强的分选条件,经二次分选后获得两段分选总精煤产率66.06%,总脱硫率59.8%,总脱灰率67.59%,分选效果很好。试验证明干法永磁高梯度磁选脱硫是可行的。
The thesis studies on the high gradient permanent magnetic separating desulphurization of micro-fine coal with dry method before combustion which can realize the online desulphurization of micro-fine coal furnace of fuel electric plant and top-blown converter of steel work. The research is as follows:
On the research of fractal distribution of fine granularity, the sum of all granularities of sulfur content and ash content of fine coal agree with the fractal distribution according to the similarity generalization of material. Through the linear fit with origin 7.5, the correlation coefficient of fractal distribution model of sulfur content and ash content of fine coal is upward 0.93, which provides the theory law for the selection of proper granularity level to remove sulfur and reduce dust.
The experiments on the magnetism of coal from He-bi, Luo-yang, Yan-kuang and Yi-luo show that the relative magnetic susceptibility are not constant and are greater influenced by intensity, granularity and ash content, which is caused by the different contained materials testified by the X-ray diffraction analysis.
The experiment on the magnetic system of iron pyrites of Yi-ma coal series shows that the granularity is the main reason to influence the relative magnetic susceptibility of iron pyrites. In a certain range, with the decrease of granularity the relative magnetic susceptibility increases straightly to reach the maximum when the granularity is 325-500 meshes. The X-ray diffraction analysis testifies that the iron pyrite of 325-500 meshes granularity level contains the ferromagnetic materials such as Fe3O4. The orthogonal experiments of iron pyrite magnetism show that the granularity of iron pyrite and the addition of magnet powder influence the relative magnetic susceptibility of iron pyrites greatly.
With the Euler-Lagrange method, the dynamical model of capturing magnetic particle in the high gradient magnetic field is established and simplified approximately as: u p≈kuf+upM. According to the calculated particle trace, the particle dynamics shows that the magnetic effort and the fluid effort are the main efforts to capture the magnetic particle in the high gradient magnetic field. Stronger is the particle magnetism, higher is the magnetic field and more powerful is the magnetism of magnetic medium, which is favorable to the capture of the particle.
The encased extruded magnetic separator of the round sorting field is developed and the assemblage technology and clamping fixture of high gradient permanent magnetic system are made to protect the magnetic body and guarantee the assemblage quality during the assemblage course of magnetic system. The permanent magnetic separator is assembled well whose intensity of magnetic field reaches 1.14T.
Through the parameter optimization of magnetic path with the software of Megnet 6.22, the extruded magnetic system can reach the best when the pole shoe thickness of soft iron reached 20 percents of the thickness of main magnetic body. To reduce the leakage and improve the usage of magnetic energy of permanent-magnet, the pole shoe of soft iron can insert into the separation field whose length should be controlled within 0.5mm. The simulation results of magnetic field distribution of radial magnetizing encased permanent magnet show that the inhomogeneity of magnetic field is decided by the shape of magnet, which provide the new method to the design of abnormity permanent magnetic path.
The experiment system of high gradient permanent magnetic separator of micro–fine coal with dry method is built. The separation result shows that the coal granularity, the air speed and the filling ratio of magnetic medium influence the separation effectiveness greatly. When the air speed is 2.5m/s, the handling capacity is 6-8g/min, the filling ratio of magnetic medium is 7.5% and the magnetic field intensity is 1.14T, the micro-fine coal of 100~200 meshes can attain 66.06% productivity of float coal, 59.8% desulphurization ratio and67.59% reducing dust ratio after double separation. Test results show that permanent magnet HGMS desulfurization is entirely feasible.
在研究粉煤粒度分形分布的基础上,用物质相似普遍性的思想首次提出了煤粉硫分和灰分各粒级的总量也应符合分形分布,并应用Origin 7.5软件进行线性拟合,规划出了硫分和灰分的分形分布模型,其相关系数均在0.93以上,为脱硫降灰选择合适粒度级提供了理论依据。
对鹤壁、洛阳、兖矿、宜洛等四种煤的磁性进行了试验研究,结果表明煤的比磁化率不是一个常数,其密度、粒度组成以及灰分都对煤比磁化率有较大影响。x射线衍射分析证明造成煤的比磁化率不是常数的根本原因是煤中所含矿物质不同。
对义马结核状煤系黄铁矿磁系进行了试验研究,结果表明粒度是影响黄铁矿比磁化率的根本原因。在一定范围内,随着黄铁矿粒度减小,比磁化率直线提高,到325-500目时比磁化率最大,x衍射分析证明325-500目粒度级黄铁矿含有Fe3O4等强磁性物质。借助Design Expert6.0软件分析煤系黄铁矿磁性强化正交试验,黄铁矿粒度、磁铁粉加入量对煤系黄铁矿的比磁化率影响最大。
采用Euler-Lagrange方法建立了高梯度磁场捕集磁性粒子的动力学模型,并首次用叠加法进行了近似简化,即: u p≈kuf+upM。依据计算的粒子运动轨迹,对粒子的动力学行为进行了分析。分析发现磁场作用力、流体曳力是高梯度磁场中聚磁介质捕集磁性粒子的主导作用力,粒子磁性越强、背景磁场强度越大、磁介质磁性越强、气体流速越低粒子均向吸力中心移动,有利于粒子的捕集。
研制了圆形分选空间的永磁铠装挤压磁系试验用磁选机,采用多块环形磁体挤压和磁铠装的方式,形成了高磁场强度的圆形分选空间,该结构充分利用了永磁体的磁性能,既节约了永磁材料,又达到提高磁场强度的目的。提出了一种永磁高场强磁系装配技术工艺和工装夹具,解决了磁系装配过程中既要保护磁体又要保证装配质量的技术难题。利用该工装夹具实现了自行研制的永磁磁选机的一次装配成功,装配质量好,磁场强度高,经实测磁场强度达到1.14T。
利用磁场模拟商业软件Megnet6.22对磁路进行了参数优化。挤压磁系设计中软铁极靴的厚度是主磁体厚度的20%时可获得最佳效果;为减少漏磁,提高永磁体的磁能利用率,软铁极靴可伸入分选空间,但长度应控制在0.5mm之内;对径向充磁的铠装扇形永磁体磁场分布的模拟结果表明磁场的不均匀性决定于磁体的形状,该结论对异形永磁磁路设计提供了新思路。
设计建造了微粉煤干法高梯度永磁磁选试验系统,进行了微粉煤的分选试验研究。对洛阳煤的分选试验表明:煤粉粒度、风流速度、聚磁介质充填率等对分选效果有较大影响。以100~200目微粉煤为试验对象,采用2.5m/s风速,6~8g/min处理量,7.5%聚磁介质充填率和1.14T背景场强的分选条件,经二次分选后获得两段分选总精煤产率66.06%,总脱硫率59.8%,总脱灰率67.59%,分选效果很好。试验证明干法永磁高梯度磁选脱硫是可行的。
The thesis studies on the high gradient permanent magnetic separating desulphurization of micro-fine coal with dry method before combustion which can realize the online desulphurization of micro-fine coal furnace of fuel electric plant and top-blown converter of steel work. The research is as follows:
On the research of fractal distribution of fine granularity, the sum of all granularities of sulfur content and ash content of fine coal agree with the fractal distribution according to the similarity generalization of material. Through the linear fit with origin 7.5, the correlation coefficient of fractal distribution model of sulfur content and ash content of fine coal is upward 0.93, which provides the theory law for the selection of proper granularity level to remove sulfur and reduce dust.
The experiments on the magnetism of coal from He-bi, Luo-yang, Yan-kuang and Yi-luo show that the relative magnetic susceptibility are not constant and are greater influenced by intensity, granularity and ash content, which is caused by the different contained materials testified by the X-ray diffraction analysis.
The experiment on the magnetic system of iron pyrites of Yi-ma coal series shows that the granularity is the main reason to influence the relative magnetic susceptibility of iron pyrites. In a certain range, with the decrease of granularity the relative magnetic susceptibility increases straightly to reach the maximum when the granularity is 325-500 meshes. The X-ray diffraction analysis testifies that the iron pyrite of 325-500 meshes granularity level contains the ferromagnetic materials such as Fe3O4. The orthogonal experiments of iron pyrite magnetism show that the granularity of iron pyrite and the addition of magnet powder influence the relative magnetic susceptibility of iron pyrites greatly.
With the Euler-Lagrange method, the dynamical model of capturing magnetic particle in the high gradient magnetic field is established and simplified approximately as: u p≈kuf+upM. According to the calculated particle trace, the particle dynamics shows that the magnetic effort and the fluid effort are the main efforts to capture the magnetic particle in the high gradient magnetic field. Stronger is the particle magnetism, higher is the magnetic field and more powerful is the magnetism of magnetic medium, which is favorable to the capture of the particle.
The encased extruded magnetic separator of the round sorting field is developed and the assemblage technology and clamping fixture of high gradient permanent magnetic system are made to protect the magnetic body and guarantee the assemblage quality during the assemblage course of magnetic system. The permanent magnetic separator is assembled well whose intensity of magnetic field reaches 1.14T.
Through the parameter optimization of magnetic path with the software of Megnet 6.22, the extruded magnetic system can reach the best when the pole shoe thickness of soft iron reached 20 percents of the thickness of main magnetic body. To reduce the leakage and improve the usage of magnetic energy of permanent-magnet, the pole shoe of soft iron can insert into the separation field whose length should be controlled within 0.5mm. The simulation results of magnetic field distribution of radial magnetizing encased permanent magnet show that the inhomogeneity of magnetic field is decided by the shape of magnet, which provide the new method to the design of abnormity permanent magnetic path.
The experiment system of high gradient permanent magnetic separator of micro–fine coal with dry method is built. The separation result shows that the coal granularity, the air speed and the filling ratio of magnetic medium influence the separation effectiveness greatly. When the air speed is 2.5m/s, the handling capacity is 6-8g/min, the filling ratio of magnetic medium is 7.5% and the magnetic field intensity is 1.14T, the micro-fine coal of 100~200 meshes can attain 66.06% productivity of float coal, 59.8% desulphurization ratio and67.59% reducing dust ratio after double separation. Test results show that permanent magnet HGMS desulfurization is entirely feasible.
引文
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