填埋场固化污泥屏障材料的阻滞特性研究
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摘要
在垃圾卫生填埋领域的诸多环境岩土工程问题中,渗滤液的防渗处理是最重要的研究项目之一,而城市污泥的资源化处理是当今资源与环境研究的重要课题。本文就填埋场的防渗要求和特点,借鉴和引进相关学科知识,采用理论分析、室内试验和微观结构测试等方法,系统研究了污泥固化体作为填埋场衬垫材料对渗滤液的抗渗阻滞作用机理,为城市污泥的综合利用和填埋场衬垫材料的开发提供了理论基础和技术支持。本文进行的主要研究内容和取得的成果如下:
(1)回顾和总结了城市污泥处理处置的研究现状。对城市污泥的物理组成、化学成份、处理处置情况进行了全面阐述,对污泥固化处理与污泥固化体的物理、化学和力学特性进行了分析研究。
(2)污泥固化体的强度特性的试验研究。研究了污泥固化配比对固化体强度特性的影响,结果表明随着组分掺量的增加,固化体强度逐渐增大,为后续渗透试验和吸附试验确定了污泥固化体的最佳配比。
(3)污泥固化体对渗滤液的抗渗性能研究。对渗滤液的性质、温度等因素对污泥固化体渗透性能的影响进行了室内试验,研究了污泥体对不同污染物质,如重金属离子溶液、有机物溶液和蒸馏水等的抗渗效果和阻滞特征。
(4)污泥固化体对污染物的吸附特性。将吸附性能引入污泥固化体的功能作用,通过大量的吸附试验研究了污泥固化体对重金属离子和有机物等污染物的吸附作用和吸附规律,分析了污泥固化体吸附去除污染物的主要影响因素,结果表明污泥固化体对重金属污染物和有机污染物的吸附分别符合Freundlich吸附模式和线性吸附模式。
(5)采用电子扫描电镜及水银压入法对污泥固化体的微观结构特征进行研究。结果表明污泥渗透前固化体中存在大量孔隙,且大孔隙量较多。渗透平衡后,大孔隙量减少,小孔隙量略有增加,污泥固化体的孔隙率、总孔隙体积减少;污泥固化体的孔隙含量较纯污泥低,孔隙含量随着龄期的增长而降低,致使其强度和渗透系数均随着龄期而增长。
There are many enviornmental engineering questions need to be solved in municipal solide waste sanitary landfills, in which to prevent seepage of leachate from landfill into environment is one of the most important problems. At the same time, resourceful disposal of urban sludge is now the resources and the environmental research important topic. Accrodding to the anti-seepage request and the characteristic of landfills, the mechanism of sludge solidification body to retardance leachate used as landfill liner was studied by theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment and microscopic structure test. The results are provided the rationale and the technical support for comprehensive utilization of urban sludge and for new liner material development design in landfill. The main research contents and results in this paper are summarized as following:
(1)The research status of urban sludge and its disposal were summarized. The physical composition, chemical composition, and disposal methods were analyzed in detail. Then, the sludge solidification processing and the physics, chemistry and mechanics characteristic of sludge solidification body was systematic studied.
(2) The strength characteristic of solidification body was studied by experiment. The influence of mixture ratio of sludge solidification on the strength of sludge solidification body was researched, the results indicate that the strength of sludge solidification body increase along with the component quantity increase, and the suitable mixture ratio of sludge solidification body for the following permeability and adsorption test was selected.
(3) Permeability of sludge solidification body to leachate was researched. The influences of contaminant concentration, temperature of leachate, and other factors on permeability are studied by laboratory experiment, and the anti-seepage effects and characteristics of sludge solidification body to contaminant such as heavy metals solution, organic material solution, and distilled water were studied.
(4) Adsorption mechanism and property of sludge solidification body to contaminant were studied. In the study, adsorption was firstly described as a function of sludge solidification body, the factors of adsorption were discussed, the adsorption characteristics of heavy metals and organic matter on sludge solidification body were studied with equilibrium experiment. The evidence shows that the adsorption mechanism of sludge solidification body conforms to Freundlich Model to heavy metals and Linear Model to organic matter, respectively.
(5) The scanning electron microscopy(SEM), mercury intrusion porosimeter(MIP) and fractal theory were used to test and analyze the surface quality and microstructure characteristics of the sludge solidification body.
(1)回顾和总结了城市污泥处理处置的研究现状。对城市污泥的物理组成、化学成份、处理处置情况进行了全面阐述,对污泥固化处理与污泥固化体的物理、化学和力学特性进行了分析研究。
(2)污泥固化体的强度特性的试验研究。研究了污泥固化配比对固化体强度特性的影响,结果表明随着组分掺量的增加,固化体强度逐渐增大,为后续渗透试验和吸附试验确定了污泥固化体的最佳配比。
(3)污泥固化体对渗滤液的抗渗性能研究。对渗滤液的性质、温度等因素对污泥固化体渗透性能的影响进行了室内试验,研究了污泥体对不同污染物质,如重金属离子溶液、有机物溶液和蒸馏水等的抗渗效果和阻滞特征。
(4)污泥固化体对污染物的吸附特性。将吸附性能引入污泥固化体的功能作用,通过大量的吸附试验研究了污泥固化体对重金属离子和有机物等污染物的吸附作用和吸附规律,分析了污泥固化体吸附去除污染物的主要影响因素,结果表明污泥固化体对重金属污染物和有机污染物的吸附分别符合Freundlich吸附模式和线性吸附模式。
(5)采用电子扫描电镜及水银压入法对污泥固化体的微观结构特征进行研究。结果表明污泥渗透前固化体中存在大量孔隙,且大孔隙量较多。渗透平衡后,大孔隙量减少,小孔隙量略有增加,污泥固化体的孔隙率、总孔隙体积减少;污泥固化体的孔隙含量较纯污泥低,孔隙含量随着龄期的增长而降低,致使其强度和渗透系数均随着龄期而增长。
There are many enviornmental engineering questions need to be solved in municipal solide waste sanitary landfills, in which to prevent seepage of leachate from landfill into environment is one of the most important problems. At the same time, resourceful disposal of urban sludge is now the resources and the environmental research important topic. Accrodding to the anti-seepage request and the characteristic of landfills, the mechanism of sludge solidification body to retardance leachate used as landfill liner was studied by theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment and microscopic structure test. The results are provided the rationale and the technical support for comprehensive utilization of urban sludge and for new liner material development design in landfill. The main research contents and results in this paper are summarized as following:
(1)The research status of urban sludge and its disposal were summarized. The physical composition, chemical composition, and disposal methods were analyzed in detail. Then, the sludge solidification processing and the physics, chemistry and mechanics characteristic of sludge solidification body was systematic studied.
(2) The strength characteristic of solidification body was studied by experiment. The influence of mixture ratio of sludge solidification on the strength of sludge solidification body was researched, the results indicate that the strength of sludge solidification body increase along with the component quantity increase, and the suitable mixture ratio of sludge solidification body for the following permeability and adsorption test was selected.
(3) Permeability of sludge solidification body to leachate was researched. The influences of contaminant concentration, temperature of leachate, and other factors on permeability are studied by laboratory experiment, and the anti-seepage effects and characteristics of sludge solidification body to contaminant such as heavy metals solution, organic material solution, and distilled water were studied.
(4) Adsorption mechanism and property of sludge solidification body to contaminant were studied. In the study, adsorption was firstly described as a function of sludge solidification body, the factors of adsorption were discussed, the adsorption characteristics of heavy metals and organic matter on sludge solidification body were studied with equilibrium experiment. The evidence shows that the adsorption mechanism of sludge solidification body conforms to Freundlich Model to heavy metals and Linear Model to organic matter, respectively.
(5) The scanning electron microscopy(SEM), mercury intrusion porosimeter(MIP) and fractal theory were used to test and analyze the surface quality and microstructure characteristics of the sludge solidification body.
引文
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