若干软物质材料的物性研究
|
摘要
“软物质(Soft matter)”是de Gennes在诺贝尔物理学颁奖演说时首次被提出,此后软物质被大家越来越所认识和重视。软物质又称软凝聚态物质(Softcondensed matter)或称复杂流体(Complex fluid),是指处于固体和理想流体之间的复杂物质,一般由大分子或基团(固、液、气)组成。这类物质与普通固体、液体和气体大不相同。流体热涨落和固态的约束共存导致了软物质的新行为,体现了软物质组成、结构和相互作用的复杂性及其特殊性。软物质在纳米到微米尺度(1～1000nm)范围内,通过相互作用可形成从简单的时空序到复杂生命体一系列的结构体和动力学系统。
软物质与人们生活密切相关,如橡胶、人造纤维、洗涤液、药品和化妆品等等;在技术上有广泛应用,如液晶、聚合物等;生物体基本上由软物质组成,如细胞、蛋白质等。软物质的丰富物理内涵和广泛应用背景引起越来越多物理学家的兴趣,是具有挑战性和迫切性的重要研究方向,已成为凝聚态物理研究重要前沿领域。软物质包含的范围十分广泛。我们将重点研究了胶体晶体、电流变液相关的的应用。接下来我们具体介绍我们在这些软物质领域相关的工作。
第二章,我们研究一类非常有意义的胶体晶体材料。它是一种多层胶体晶体,每一层由金属介电纳米电颗粒均匀分布在基质中,层与层的材料特性呈梯度变化。我们调查了多层胶体晶体的有效非线性光学响应和电场分布。我们分别从数值和解析两种方法进行研究,对其中的材料介电参数,分别从Drude模型和实验数据进行了对比,来证实我们的模型及结论的有效性。我们发现电场分布可以通过恰当地选择入射频率来调控。通过调节入射角频率,电场分布的峰值可以定位于不同的层内。同时,梯度控制的电场对有一个宽等离带的非线性增强给出了一个好的理解。
第三章,我们研究胶体晶体的微结构转变效应对光子带结构的影响。利用电流变效应制备的三维胶体晶体在电场作用下,它的晶格结构可以从体心四方晶格转变为其他晶格。我们引入了一个参数来描述晶体结构转换的这种连续变化,考虑了各种不同介电常数配比下,出现全带隙的情况。我们计算了这类具有晶格结构转变的晶体的光子带结构,并证实对一些转变过程中的中间结构确实存在光子全带隙。因此,人们可以利用电流变效应来实现特定的光子晶体,它们拥有源自场感应结构转变的光子带隙。
第四章,我们研究了金属颗粒间的强耦合作用下的光学响应。用多镜像方法考虑了颗粒间耦合相互作用。发现对相同的银金属颗粒,消光光谱出现了两个峰,其中一个波长较低的峰由金属颗粒间的强相互作用导致。对于大小不等的金属颗粒的光学响应,金属颗粒间强相互耦合对大颗粒的等离激元共振峰有可忽略的影响,而对于小金属颗粒具有重大影响。对于小金属颗粒,当颗粒靠的比较近的时候,颗粒之间的强耦合相互作用占据了主导地位(强耦合相互作用引起的等离激元共振峰的强度远远大于单颗粒引起的等离激元共振峰),随着颗粒间的间距逐渐增大,颗粒间的强相互耦合作用逐渐减弱,因而由相互作用导致的等离激元共振峰逐渐减弱,直至消失,同时单颗粒情况下引起的等离激元共振峰占主导地位。因而,以上的结论也为改变金属颗粒的等离激元共振峰提供了一种可行的方案。我们可以通过在金属颗粒的周围分布大金属颗粒,通过调控颗粒的密度(间距),从而可以有效改变等离激元共振峰的强弱。这将具有一定的应用价值。
"Soft matter" was named firstly by de Gennes,the winner of Nobel Prize in physics.After that,soft matter is known and attracts much attention."Soft matter" is also named as "Soft condensed matter" or "Complex fluid",which is a kind of complex material between the ideal fluid and solid.Generally soft matter is composed of the large-molecule or group(solid,liquid,gas),which is much different from solid,liquid and gas.Thermal fluctuation of fluid and solid constraints cause the new behavior in soft matters,which exhibits the complexity and particularity of composition,structure and interaction of soft matters.In nanometer scale to microns (1～1000nm) range,soft matter can form a series of structures and dynamic systems, from simple sequences in space or time to complex organisms through the interaction.
Soft matter is closely related with people's life,such as rubber,synthetic fiber, detergent,drugs and cosmetics,etc.Soft matter is widely used in the technology,such as LCD,polymers.Organisms is composed of soft material basically,such as cell, protein,etc.For the rich connotation and various application,soft matter attracts more and more attention of physicists,and has become an important research frontiers in condensed matter physics.The study of soft matter relates to many fields.We will focus on the related study in the application of colloidal crystals and electrorheological fluid.The following are our research work in soft matters.
In Chapter 2,we exploit theoretically nonlinear optical materials by graded multilayered colloidal crystals,whose basic layer is made of metallodielectric nanoparticles immersed periodically in a host fluid.The properties of each layer can vary gradually within layers.We study the effective nonlinear optical response and the electric field distribution by both the analytical method and numerical method.The study shows that this analytical method agrees very well with an existing numerical method.The electric field distribution can be shown to exhibit a peak in a certain layer,and that the position of the peak can change by tuning the incident angular frequency.Such a gradationcontrolled electric field distribution serves as a physical mechanism for understanding the enhanced nonlinear optical responses with a broad plasmon band.
In Chapter 3,by utilizing the electrorheological effect,three-dimensional col- loidal crystals can be produced,whose lattice structure can be changed from the body-centered -tetragonal lattice to other lattices under the application of electric fields.We calculate photonic band structures of such crystals with lattice structure transformation, and demonstrate the existence of complete band gaps for some intermediate lattices. Thus,it becomes possible to use the electrorheological effect to achieve photonic crystals with desired photonic gap properties resulted from tunable structures.
In Chapter 4,the optical responses of coupled metal nanoparticles are studied. Muti-mirrors method has been used to consider the coupling interaction between particles. For two same particles,there are two plasmon resonant frequencies,and the small one is caused by the coupling interaction between particles.For two unequal nanoparticles,the small particles can have a much shift of plasmon resonant frequency, which depends on the mutual interaction between two particles,while the big particles is not sensitive to the coupling interaction between particles.The plasmon resonance becomes stronger as the two particles become closer.At very close distance,the plasmon resonant peak of the coupling interaction is much larger than one of the single particle for the small particle.The results exhibit that the plasmon resonance can be tuned by the electromagnetic coupling between neighboring particles,which will have application in future.
软物质与人们生活密切相关,如橡胶、人造纤维、洗涤液、药品和化妆品等等;在技术上有广泛应用,如液晶、聚合物等;生物体基本上由软物质组成,如细胞、蛋白质等。软物质的丰富物理内涵和广泛应用背景引起越来越多物理学家的兴趣,是具有挑战性和迫切性的重要研究方向,已成为凝聚态物理研究重要前沿领域。软物质包含的范围十分广泛。我们将重点研究了胶体晶体、电流变液相关的的应用。接下来我们具体介绍我们在这些软物质领域相关的工作。
第二章,我们研究一类非常有意义的胶体晶体材料。它是一种多层胶体晶体,每一层由金属介电纳米电颗粒均匀分布在基质中,层与层的材料特性呈梯度变化。我们调查了多层胶体晶体的有效非线性光学响应和电场分布。我们分别从数值和解析两种方法进行研究,对其中的材料介电参数,分别从Drude模型和实验数据进行了对比,来证实我们的模型及结论的有效性。我们发现电场分布可以通过恰当地选择入射频率来调控。通过调节入射角频率,电场分布的峰值可以定位于不同的层内。同时,梯度控制的电场对有一个宽等离带的非线性增强给出了一个好的理解。
第三章,我们研究胶体晶体的微结构转变效应对光子带结构的影响。利用电流变效应制备的三维胶体晶体在电场作用下,它的晶格结构可以从体心四方晶格转变为其他晶格。我们引入了一个参数来描述晶体结构转换的这种连续变化,考虑了各种不同介电常数配比下,出现全带隙的情况。我们计算了这类具有晶格结构转变的晶体的光子带结构,并证实对一些转变过程中的中间结构确实存在光子全带隙。因此,人们可以利用电流变效应来实现特定的光子晶体,它们拥有源自场感应结构转变的光子带隙。
第四章,我们研究了金属颗粒间的强耦合作用下的光学响应。用多镜像方法考虑了颗粒间耦合相互作用。发现对相同的银金属颗粒,消光光谱出现了两个峰,其中一个波长较低的峰由金属颗粒间的强相互作用导致。对于大小不等的金属颗粒的光学响应,金属颗粒间强相互耦合对大颗粒的等离激元共振峰有可忽略的影响,而对于小金属颗粒具有重大影响。对于小金属颗粒,当颗粒靠的比较近的时候,颗粒之间的强耦合相互作用占据了主导地位(强耦合相互作用引起的等离激元共振峰的强度远远大于单颗粒引起的等离激元共振峰),随着颗粒间的间距逐渐增大,颗粒间的强相互耦合作用逐渐减弱,因而由相互作用导致的等离激元共振峰逐渐减弱,直至消失,同时单颗粒情况下引起的等离激元共振峰占主导地位。因而,以上的结论也为改变金属颗粒的等离激元共振峰提供了一种可行的方案。我们可以通过在金属颗粒的周围分布大金属颗粒,通过调控颗粒的密度(间距),从而可以有效改变等离激元共振峰的强弱。这将具有一定的应用价值。
"Soft matter" was named firstly by de Gennes,the winner of Nobel Prize in physics.After that,soft matter is known and attracts much attention."Soft matter" is also named as "Soft condensed matter" or "Complex fluid",which is a kind of complex material between the ideal fluid and solid.Generally soft matter is composed of the large-molecule or group(solid,liquid,gas),which is much different from solid,liquid and gas.Thermal fluctuation of fluid and solid constraints cause the new behavior in soft matters,which exhibits the complexity and particularity of composition,structure and interaction of soft matters.In nanometer scale to microns (1～1000nm) range,soft matter can form a series of structures and dynamic systems, from simple sequences in space or time to complex organisms through the interaction.
Soft matter is closely related with people's life,such as rubber,synthetic fiber, detergent,drugs and cosmetics,etc.Soft matter is widely used in the technology,such as LCD,polymers.Organisms is composed of soft material basically,such as cell, protein,etc.For the rich connotation and various application,soft matter attracts more and more attention of physicists,and has become an important research frontiers in condensed matter physics.The study of soft matter relates to many fields.We will focus on the related study in the application of colloidal crystals and electrorheological fluid.The following are our research work in soft matters.
In Chapter 2,we exploit theoretically nonlinear optical materials by graded multilayered colloidal crystals,whose basic layer is made of metallodielectric nanoparticles immersed periodically in a host fluid.The properties of each layer can vary gradually within layers.We study the effective nonlinear optical response and the electric field distribution by both the analytical method and numerical method.The study shows that this analytical method agrees very well with an existing numerical method.The electric field distribution can be shown to exhibit a peak in a certain layer,and that the position of the peak can change by tuning the incident angular frequency.Such a gradationcontrolled electric field distribution serves as a physical mechanism for understanding the enhanced nonlinear optical responses with a broad plasmon band.
In Chapter 3,by utilizing the electrorheological effect,three-dimensional col- loidal crystals can be produced,whose lattice structure can be changed from the body-centered -tetragonal lattice to other lattices under the application of electric fields.We calculate photonic band structures of such crystals with lattice structure transformation, and demonstrate the existence of complete band gaps for some intermediate lattices. Thus,it becomes possible to use the electrorheological effect to achieve photonic crystals with desired photonic gap properties resulted from tunable structures.
In Chapter 4,the optical responses of coupled metal nanoparticles are studied. Muti-mirrors method has been used to consider the coupling interaction between particles. For two same particles,there are two plasmon resonant frequencies,and the small one is caused by the coupling interaction between particles.For two unequal nanoparticles,the small particles can have a much shift of plasmon resonant frequency, which depends on the mutual interaction between two particles,while the big particles is not sensitive to the coupling interaction between particles.The plasmon resonance becomes stronger as the two particles become closer.At very close distance,the plasmon resonant peak of the coupling interaction is much larger than one of the single particle for the small particle.The results exhibit that the plasmon resonance can be tuned by the electromagnetic coupling between neighboring particles,which will have application in future.
引文
[1]P.G.de Gennes,Mod.Physics,64,645(1992).
[2]马红孺,陆坤权.物理,29,516(2000).
[3]陆坤权,刘寄星.软物质物理学导论.北京大学出版社,2006.
[4]P.G.de Gennes,J.Badoz,Fragile Objects:Soft Matter,Hard Science,and the Thrill of Discovery,Copernicus,New York:Springer-verlag,1996.
[5]马余强.物理学进展,22,73(2002).
[6]W.M.Gelbart,A.Ben-Shaul,D.Roux,Micells,Membranes,Microemulsions,and Monolayers,(Springer-Verlag,1994).
[7]J.H.Holtz,Nature,389,829(1997).
[8]Z.Meng,J.K.Cho,V.Breedveld,et al,J.Phys.Chem.B,113,4590(2009).
[9]F.Piret,Y.U.Kwon,B.L.Su,Chem.Phys.Lett.,472,207(2009).
[10]M.Rycenga,P.H.C.Camargo,Y.N.Xia,Soft Matter,5,1129(2009).
[11]D.R.E.Snoswell,C.L.Bower,P.Ivanov,et al,New Journal Of Physics,8,267(2006).
[12]M.Harada,M.Ishii,H.Nakamura,Jn.J.Appl.Phys.,45,L676(2006).
[13]Q.F.Yah,X.S.Zhao,J.H.Teng,et al,Langmuir,200,7001(2006).
[14]A.C.Arsenault,T.J.Clark,G.Von Freymann,et al,Nat.Mater.,5,179(2006).
[15]F.Meseguer,colloids and surfaces,270,1(2005).
[16]N.V.Dziornkina,G.J.Vancso,Soft Matter,1,265(2005).
[17]J.Q.Xia,Y.R.Ying,S.H.Foulger,Advanced Materials,17,2463(2005).
[18] J. L. Zhang, L. J. Xue, Y. C. Han, Langmuir, 21, 5667 (2005).
[19] M. Ishii, H. Nakamura, H. Nakano, et al, Langmuir, 21, 5367 (2005).
[20] J. V. Sanders, Nature, 204,1151 (1964).
[21] A. R. Parker, V. L. Welch, D. Driver, et al, Nature 426,786 (2003).
[22] Y. A. Vlasov, X-Z Bo, J. C. Sturm, et al, Nature 414, 289 (2001).
[23] S. H. Park, D. Qin, Y. N. Xia, Adv Matter, 10,1028 (1998).
[24] K-Q. Zhang, X. Y. Liu, Nature, 429, 739 (2004).
[25] V. de Villeneuve, R. Dullens, D. Aarts, et al, Science, 309, 1231 (2005).
[26] A. Yethiraj, A. van B laaderen, Nature, 421, 513 (2003).
[27] A. A. lsayed, M. Islam, J. Zhang, et al, Science 309, 1207 (2005).
[28] K. Pham, A. Puertas, J. Bergenholtz, et al, Science 296, 104 (2002).
[29] Y. G. Li, Y .Y. Wu, Journal of The American Chemical Society 131,5851 (2009).
[30] X. L. Hu, J. M. Gong, L. Z. Zhang, et al, Advanced Materials 20,4845 (2008).
[31] S. C. Yang, D. J. Yang, J. Kim, et al, Advanced Materials 20, 1059 (2008).
[32] E. E. Ross, M. J. Wirth, Langmuir 24,1629 (2008).
[33] P. H. C. Camargo, Z. Y. Li, Y. Xia, Soft Matter 3, 1215 (2007).
[34] G. Z. Han, Z. Y. Xie, D. Zheng, et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 141114 (2007).
[35] N. Harris, M. J. Ford, M. B. Cortie, et al, Nanotechnology 18, 365301 (2007).
[36] S. Forster, A. Timmann, C. Schellbach, et al, Nature Materials 6, 888 (2007).
[37] M. Skarabot, U. Tkalec, I. Musevic, European Physical Journal E 24, 99 (2007).
[38] Z. Y. Ren, X. Li, J. H. Zhang, et al, Langmuir 23, 8272 (2007).
[39] C. M. Noel, G. Bossis,A-M. Chaze, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 217801 (2006).
[40] F. Shiba, Y. Okawa, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 21664 (2005).
[41]J.Xu,H.P.Xia,Y.P.Zhang,et al,Journal of Inorganic Materials 20,193(2005).
[42]K.Y.Suh,H.Yoon,H.H.Lee,et al,Appl.Phys.Lett.85,2643(2004).
[43]M.Abe,M.Orita,H.Yamazaki,et al,Langmuir 20,5046(2004).
[44]T.Schilling,D.Frenkel,Phys.Rev.Lett.92,085505(2004).
[45]H.Fudouzi,Y.N.Xia,Langmuirlg,9653(2003).
[46]T.Y.Gong,D.T.Wu,D.W.M.Marr,Lamgmuir 19,5967(2003).
[47]C.Reichhardt,C.J.Olson,Phys.Rev.Lett.89,078301(2002).
[48]W.M.Lee,S.A.Pruzinsky,P.V.Braun,Advanced Materials 14,271(2002).
[49]A.Modinos,N.Stefanou,V.Yannopapas,Optics Express $,197(2001).
[50]P.Dong,Progress in natural science 10,575(2000).
[51]Z.D.Cheng,W.B.Russell,P.M.Chaikin,Nature 401,893(1999).
[52]Z.Y.Li,J.Wang,B.Y.Gu,Phys.Rev.B 58,3721(1998).
[53]A.G.Khachaturyan,Phys.Rev.B 48,2949(1993).
[54]Y.H.Ye,S.Badilescu,Vo-Van.Truong,Appl.Phys.Lett.,18,2019(2002).
[55]D.K.Yi,M.J.Kim,D.Y.Kim,Langmiur 18,2019(2002).
[56]C.A.Murray,D.H.V.Winkle,Phys.Rev.Lett.,58,1200(1987).
[57]A.T.Skjeltorp,p.Meakin,Nature 335,424(1988).
[58]Y.N.Xia,B.Gates,Y.D.Yin,et al,Adv.Mater 12,693(2000).
[59]A.J.Hurd,D.W.Sheafer,Phys.Rev.Lett.,58,1043(1985).
[60]H.H.Wickman,J.N.Korley,Nature 393,445(1998).
[61]M.Kondo,K.Shinozaki,et al,Langmuir 11,394(1995).
[62]N.D.Denkov,O.D.Velev,P.A.Kralchevsky,et al,Langmuir 8,3183(1992).
[63]A.S.Dimitrov,C.D.Dushkin,H.Yoshimura,et al,Langmuir 10,432(1994).
[64] A. S. Dimitrov, K. Nagayama, Langmuir 12, 1303 (1996).
[65] H. W. Deckman, J. H. Dunsmuir, Appl. Phys. Lett., 41,377 (1982).
[66] M. Trau, D. A. Saville, et al. Science 272,706 (1996).
[67] P. Richetti, J. Prost, J. Phys. Chem., 45, L1137 (1984).
[68]李澄,齐利民,大学化学 21,1 (2006).
[69] O. D. Velev, A. M. Lenhoff, Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci, 5, 56 (2000).
[70] P. Jiang, J. F. Bertone, K. S. Hwang, et al, Chem. Mater., 11, 2132 (1999).
[71] Y. A. Vlasov, X-Z. Bo, J. C. Sturm, et al, Nature 426,786 (2003).
[72] S. Wong, V. Kitaev, G. A. Ozin, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,125, 15589 (2003).
[73] D. J. Norris, E. G. Arlinghaus, L. Meng, et al, Adv. Mater 16, 1393 (2004).
[74] S. H. Park, D. Qin, Y. N. Xia, Adv Matter, 10, 1028 (1998).
[75] S. Reculusa, S. Ravaine, Chem. Mater., 15,598 (2003).
[76] van B laaderen A. MRS, Bull 29, 85(2004).
[77] A. Yethiral, A. van B laaderen, Nature 421, 513(2003).
[78] Y. N. Xia, Y. D. Yin, Y. Lu, et al, Adv. Funct. Mater., 13, 907 (2003).
[79] D. Wang, H. M(?)hwald, J. Mater. Chem., 14,459 (2004).
[80] N. V. Dziomkina, G. Vancso, J. Soft Materterl, 265 (2005).
[81] A. van B lasderen, R. Rucl, P. Wiltzius, Nature385,321 (1997).
[82] A. D. Dinsmore, M. F. Hsu, M. G. Nikolaides, et al, Science 298, 1006 (2002).
[83] E. Yablonovitch, Phys. Rev. Lett., 58, 2059 (1987).
[84] S. John, Phys. Rev. Lett.,58, 2486 (1987).
[85] K. Velikov, C. Christova, R. Dullens, et al, Science 296, 3125 (1990).
[86] V. Kitaev, G. A. Ozin, Adv. Mater., 15, 75 (2003).
[87] K. M. Ho, C. T. Chan, C. M. Soukoulis, Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1207 (2005).
[88] K. Busch, S. John, Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, 967 (1999).
[89] A. Stain, Microporous And Mesoporous Materials, 44, 227 (2001).
[90] O. D. Velev, T. A. Jede, et al, Nature 389,447 (1997).
[91] F. charles-Andre, et al, Adv. Mater. 15, 1025 (2003).
[92] A. Blanco, E. Chomski, S. Grabtchak, et al, Science 405,437 (2000).
[93] S. Kubo, Z. Z. Gu, K. Takahashi, et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 124, 10950 (2002).
[94] J. H. Holtz, S. A. Asher, Nature 389, 829 (1997).
[95] S. Kubo, Z. Z. Gu, K. Takahashi, et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 124, 10950 (2002).
[96] H. Fudouzi, Y. N. Xia, Adv. Mater. 15, 892 (2003).
[97] A. R. Parker, V. L. Welch, D. Driver, et al, Nature 426, 786 (2003).
[98] P. Ball, Chemistry in Britain 8,23 (2003).
[99] W. J. Wen,X. X. Huang, P. Sheng, Soft Matter, 4, 200 (2008).
[100] M. Whittle, W. A. Bullough, Nature, 358, 373 (1992).
[101] W. M. Winslow, J. Appl. Phys., 20, 1137 (1949).
[102] R. Tao, J. M. Sun, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 398 (1991).
[103] H. R. Ma, W. J. Wen, W. Y. Tarn, P. Sheng, Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 2499 (1996).
[104] W. Wen, X. Huang, S. Yang, K. Lu, P. Sheng, Nat. Mater., 2, 727 (2003).
[105] K. Q. Lu, R. Shen, X. Z. Wang, G. Sun, W. J. Wen, J. X. Liu, Chin. Phys., 15,2476 (2006).
[106] L. Lobry, E. Lemaire, J. Electrost., 47, 61 (1999).
[107] R. Tao, Y. C. Lan, Phys. Rev. E 72, 041508 (2005).
[108] G. Bushell, Y. Yan, D. Woodfield, J. Raper, R. Amal, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 95, 1(2002).
[109] J. Y. Hong, E. Kwon, J. Jang, Soft Matter 5,951 (2009).
[110] T. Hao, Advanced Materials 13,1847 (2001).
[111] M. Stenicka, V. Pavlinek, P. Saha, N. V. Blinova, J. Stejskal, O. Quadrat, Colloid and Polymer Science 287,403(2009).
[112] B. X. Wang, M. Zhou, Z. Rozynek, J. O. Fossum, Journal of Materials Chemistry 19,1816(2009).
[113] Y. C. Cheng, X. H. Liu, J. J. Guo, F. H. Liu, Z. X. Li, G. H. Xu, P. Cui, Nan- otechnology 20,055604 (2009).
[114] Q. L. Cheng, V. Pavlinek, Y. He, C. Z. Li, P. Saha, Colloid and Polymer Science 287,435 (2009).
[115] J. B. Yin, X. P. Zhao, X. Xia, L. Q. Xiang, Y. P. Qiao, Polymer 49,4413(2008).
[116] G. S. Roberts, R. Sanchez, R. Kemp, T. Wood, P. Bartlett, Langmuir 24, 6530 (2008).
[117] T. Hao, A. Kawai, F. Ikazaki, Langmuir 14, 1256 (1998).
[118] X. Q. Gong, J. B. Wu, X. X. Huang, et al, Nanotechnology 19, 165602 (2008).
[119] M. L. Kinsinger, B. Sun, N. L. Abbott, D. M. Lynn, Advanced Materials 19,4208 (2007).
[120] S. G. Kim, J. Y. Lim, J. H. Sung, et al, Polymer 48, 6622 (2007).
[121] T. Belza, V. Pavlinek, P. Saha, M. J. Benes, D. Horak, O. Quadrat, Physica A 385,1 (2007).
[122] Y. Ma, Y. L. Jia, Y. L. Shang, F. H. Liao, J. R. Li, S. H. Zhang, O. Zhang, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 105, 2427 (2007).
[123] J. H. Sung, H. J. Choi, M. S. Jhon, Materials Chemistry and Physics 77, 778 (2003).
[124] H. Block, J. P. Kelly, A. Qin, T. Watson, Langmuir 6, 6 (1990).
[125] U. S. Choi, Y. S. Park, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 7, 281 (2001).
[126] L. C. Davis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 319 (1992).
[127] S. Sarikaya, M. Yavuz, H. Yilmaz, H. I. Unal, B. Sari, Polymer Composites 30, 583 (2009).
[128] F. Ikazaki, A. Kawai, K. Uchida, T. Kawakami, K. Edamura, K. Sakurai, H. Anzai, Y. Asako, Journal of Physics D 31, 336 (1998).
[129] G. Navaneetham, J. D. Posner, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 619, 331 (2009).
[130] S. Ahualli, M. L. Jimenez, A. V. Delgado, F. J. Arroyo, F. Carrique, IEEE Transactions On Dielectrics And Electrical Insulation 13, 657 (2006).
[131] F. Carrique, F. J. Arroyo, A. V. Delgado, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 243, 351 (2001).
[132] E. K. Zholkovskij, J. H. Masliyah, V. N. Shilov, S. Bhattachalgee, Advances In Colloid And Interface Science 134, 279 (2007).
[133] K. Negita, Y. Misono, T. Yamaguchi, J. Shinagawa, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 321,452 (2008).
[134] M. Stenicka, V. Pavlinek, P. Saha, et al, Colloid and Polymer Science 287, 403(2009).
[135] M. Parthasarathy, D. J. Klingenberg, materials Science and Engineering: R, 17,57(1996).
[136] W. J. Wen, X. X. Huang, P. Sheng, Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 299 (2004).
[137] E. Yablonovitch and J.J.Gmitter., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 2295 (1992).
[138] W. J. Wen, N. Wang, H. R. Ma, Z. F. Lin, W. Y. Tam, C. T. Chan, P. Sbeng, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 4248 (1999).
[139]H.Tada,Y.Saito,M.Hirata,M.Hyodo,H.Kawahara,J.APPl.Phys.,73,489(1993).
[140]A.M.Marke,Appl.Opt.,8,1397(1969).
[141]G.Beni,H.G.Craighead,S.Hackwood,Appl.phys.Lett.,39,195(1981).
[142]P.M.Taylor,D.M.Pollet,A.Hosseini-Sianaki,C.J.Varley,DisPlays,18,135(1998).
[143]新野正之,平井敏雄,渡边龙三,日本复合材料学会志,13,257(1987).
[144]黄旭涛,材料科学与工程,15,35(1997).
[145]Z.H.Qian,F.Jin,T.J.Lu,et al,Appl.Phys.Lett.94,093513(2009)
[146]S.Na,K.W.Kim,B.H.Lee,et al,Journal of Thermal Stresses 32,209(2009).
[147]X.Wang,E.Pan,J.D.Albrecht,et al,Composite Structures 87,206(2009).
[148]R.Mirzaeifar,H.Bahai,S.Shahab,Smart Materials and Structures 17,045003(2008).
[149]A.H.Sofiyev,Z.Zerin,A.Korkmaz,Composite Structures 85,105(2008).
[150]Z.Y.Huang,C.F.Lu,W.Q.Chen,Composite Structures 85,95(2008).
[151]Y.H.Tsai,C.P.Wu,International Journal of Engineering Science,46,843(2008).
[152]X.Wang,E.Pan,J.D.Albrecht,J.Appl.Phys.I03,l13511(2008).
[153]L.L.Ke,J.Yang,S.Kitipornchai,et al,International Journal of Solid And Structures,45,3313(2008).
[154]T.P.D.Rajan,R.M.Pillai,B.C.Pai,Journal of Alloys And Compounds,453,L4-L7(2008).
[155]B.T.Lee,S.K.Sarkar,H.Y.Song,Materials Transactions 49,339(2008).
[156]N.Sundararajan,M.Ganapathi,Journal of Engineering Mechanics-Asce 134,206(2008).
[157]P.Gu,R.J.Asaro,Composite Structures 82,413(2008).
[158]M.Chohra,S.G.Advani,S.Yarlagadda,Advanced Composites Letters 16,205(2007).
[159]A.Mejdoubi,C.Brosseau,J.Appl.Phys.102,094104(2007).
[160]S.S.Vel,J.L.Pelletier,Composite Structures 81,386(2007).
[161]N.Gupta,Materials Letters 61,979(2007).
[162]A.H.Sofiyev,Composite Structures 77,56(2007).
[163]M.Chohra,S.G.Advani,A.Gokce,et al,Polymer Composites 27,570(2006).
[164]X.C.Zhang,B.S.Xu,H.D.Wang,et al,Thin Solid Films 497,223(2006).
[165]J.Jang,J.Bae,Advanced Functional Materials 15,1877(2005).
[166]M.K.Apalak,R.Gunes,Composite Structures 70,444(2005).
[167]H.M.Yin,G.H.Paulino,W.G.Buttlar,et al,J.Appl.Phys.98,063704(2005).
[168]A.H.Sofiyev,Composite Structures 69,247(2005).
[169]Y.Watanabe,R.Sato,I.S.Kim,et al,Materials Transactions 46,944(2005).
[170]B.Y.Wen,G.Wu,J.Yu,Polymer 45,3359(2004).
[171]Y.Watanabe,T.Iwamoto,A.Teramoto,et al,Materials Transactions 45,1005(2004).
[172]K.Yamagiwa,Y.Watanabe,Y.Fukui,et al,Materials Transactions 44,2461(2003).
[173]E.B.Wei,J.W.Tian,J.B.Song,Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter 15,8907(2003).
[174]M.M.Najafizadeh,B.Hedayati,Journal of Thermal Stresses 27,857(2004).
[175]温变英,北京化工大学,博士论文,聚合物梯度材料的制备及材料结构与性能研究,2003.
[176]H.Zheng,K.Ru,X.Zhang,Journal of Southwest China Normal University 27,788(2002).
[177]B.Ye,Q.Li,H.Zhao,Conservation And Utilization Mineral Resources 4,47(2004).
[178]王英姿,张虹,吴波,河南建材2,16(2002).
[179]余茂黎,魏明坤,功能材料23,184(1992).
[180]Y.Fukui,K.Nakanish,N.Yamanaka,et al,J.Jpn.Soc.Heat.Treat.35,11(1995).
[181]王豫,姚凯伦,物理29,206(2000).
[182]T.Matsumura,Y.Hotta,I.Yoshikawa.Fr Demande FR.27,17(1993).
[183]J.P.Huang,K.W.Yu,Physics Report 431,87(2006).
[184]J.J.Xiao,K.W.Yu,Appl.Phys.Lett.88,071911(2006).
[185]J.P.Huang,K.W.Yu,J.Opt.Soc.Am.B 22,1640(2005).
[186]J.P.Huang,K.W,Yu,Appl.Phys.Lett.85,94(2004).
[187]J.P.Huang,Y.C.Jian,C.Z.Fan,and K.W.Yu,J.Phys.Chem.C 112,621(2008).
[188]葛炳恒,周馨我,高分子材料科学与工程,7,1(1991).
[189]朱信华,孟中岩,功能材料,29,122(1998).
[190]H.Dislish,J.Non--Cryst Solids,100,378(1988).
[191]Y.Y.Yang,Materials Science Forum,308,948(1999).
[192]P.M.Hui,X.Zhang,A.J.Markworth,D.Stroud,J.Mater.Sci.,34,5497(1999).
[193]T.Laux,A.Killinger,M.Auweter-Kurtz,R.Gadow,H.Wilhelmi,Materials Science Forum 308,428(1999).
[194]D.Dantz,Ch.Genzel,W.Reimers,Materials Science Forum,308,829(1999).
[195]K.Mueller,Materials Science Forum 308,754(1999).
[196] M. Hashimoto, Materials Science Forum 308, 699 (1999).
[197] L. Helmers, Mater. Sci. Eng., B56, 60 (1998).
[1] Colloids and Colloid Assemblies, edited by F. Caruso (Wiley-VCH, Wein-heim, 2004).
[2] F. Sch(?)th and F. Marlow, Nature 449, 550 (2007).
[3] T. D. Krauss, Nature 447, 385 (2007).
[4] O. D. Velev, Science 312, 376 (2006).
[5] I. Mus(?)vi(?), M. (?)karabot, U. Tkalec, M. RavniK, and S. (?)umer, Science 313,954 (2006).
[6] J. H. Holtz, Nature, 389, 829 (1997).
[7] Z. Meng, J. K. Cho, V. Breedveld, et al, J. Phys. Chem. B, 14,4590 (2009).
[8] F. Piret, Y. U. Kwon, B. L. Su, Chem. Phys. Lett., 4, 207 (2009).
[9] M. Rycenga, P.H. C. Camargo, Y. N. Xia, Soft Matter, 6, 1129 (2009).
[10] D. R. E. Snoswell, C. L. Bower, P. Ivanov, et al, New Journal Of Physics, 8,267(2006).
[11] M. Harada, M. Ishii, H. Nakamura, Jn. J. Appl. Phys., 24, L676 (2006).
[12] Q. F. Yan, X. S. Zhao, J. H. Teng, et al, Langmuir, 16,7001 (2006).
[13] A. C. Arsenault, T. J. Clark, G. Von Freymann, et al, Nat. Mater., 3, 179 (2006).
[14] F. Meseguer, colloids and surfaces, 270, 1 (2005).
[15] N. V. Dziomkina, G.J. Vancso, Soft Matter, 4, 265 (2005).
[16] J. Q. Xia, Y. R. Ying, S. H. Foulger, Advanced Materials, 17, 2463 (2005).
[17] P. M. Hui, X. Zhang, A. J. Markworth, and D. Stroud, J. Mater. Sci. 34, 5497(1999).
[ 18] The Theory of Composites, edited by G. W. Milton (Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, 2002).
[19] E. B. Wei, J. W. Tian, and J. B. Song, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15,8907 (2003).
[20] J. P. Huang and K. W. Yu, Phys. Rep. 431, 87 (2006).
[21] L. Gao, Phys. Rev. E 73,036602 (2006).
[22] Z. F. Sang and Z. Y. Li, Opt. Commun. 259,174 (2006).
[23] J. P. Huang and K. W. Yu, New Nonlinear Optical Materials: Theoretical Research (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 2007).
[24] A. M. Freyria, E. Chignier, J. Guidollet, and P. Louisot, Biomaterials 12, 111(1991).
[25] U. Levy, M. Nezhad, H. C. Kim, C. H. Tasi, L. Pang, and Y. Fainman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22,724 (2005), and references therein.
[26] C. L. Nehl, N. K. Grady, G. P. Goodrich, F. Tam, N. J. Halas, and J. H. Hafner, Nano Lett. 4, 2355 (2004).
[27] D. B. Mitzi, L. L. Kosbar, C. E. Murray, M. Copel, and A. Afzali, Na- ture(London) 428, 299 (2004).
[28] C. K. Lo and K. W. Yu, Phys. Rev. E 64, 031501 (2001).
[29] L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz, and L. P. Piaevskii, Electrodynamics of Continuous Media, 2nd ed. (Pergamon, New York, 1984), Chap. Ⅱ.
[30] J. P. Huang and K. W. Yu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 041905 (2004).
[31] H. Ma, R. Xiao, and P. Sheng, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 1022 (1998).
[32] K. W. Yu, Solid State Commun. 105, 689 (1998).
[33] J. P. Huang and K. W. Yu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 071103 (2005).
[34] A. Sharkawy, D. Pustai, S. Y. Shi, D. W. Prather, S. McBride, and P. Zanzucchi, Opt. Express 13, 2814 (2005).
[35]P.B.Johnson and R.W.Christy,Phys.Rev.B 6,4370(1972).
[36]L.F.Zhang,J.P.Huang,K.W.Yu,Appl.Phys.Lett.92(2008) 091907.
[37]J.P.Huang,Y.C.Jian,C.Z.Fan,K.W.Yu,J.Phys.Chem.C 112(2008) 621.
[38]L.F.Zhang,J.P.Huang,K.W.Yu,Appl.Phys.Lett.92,091907(2008).
[39]L.F.Zhang,J.P.Huang,K.W.Yu,Chem.Phys.Lett.471,106(2009).
[1] W. M. Winslow, J. Appl. Phys. 20,1137 (1949).
[2] D. J. Klingenberg, MRS Bull. 23, 30 (1998).
[3] W. Wen, X. Huang, S. Yang, K. Lu, P. Sheng, Nat. Mater. 2,727 (2003).
[4] C. N. Cao, B. X.Wang,J.B.Yin,X.P.Zhao,M.Huang,Acta Physica Sinica,53, 1895 (2004).
[5] K. Q. Lu, R. Shen, X. Z. Wang, G. Sun, W. J. Wen, J. X. Liu, Chin. Phys. 15,2476(2006).
[6] J. P. Huang, K. W. Yu, 13,1065 (2004).
[7] L. Xu, W. J. Tian, X. F. Wu, J. G. Cao, L. W. Zhou, J. P. Huang, G. Q. Gu, 23,409 (2008).
[8] M. Whittle, W. A. Bullough, Nature, 358, 373 (1992).
[9] W. M. Winslow, J. Appl. Phys., 20, 1137 (1949).
[10] R. Tao, J. M. Sun, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 398 (1991).
[11] H. R. Ma, W. J. Wen, W Y. Tam, P. Sheng, Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 2499 (1996).
[12] K. Q. Lu, R. Shen, X. Z. Wang, G. Sun, W. J. Wen, J. X. Liu, Chin. Phys., 15,2476 (2006).
[13] L. Lobry, E. Lemaire, J. Electrost., 47, 61 (1999).
[14] R. Tao, Y. C. Lan, Phys. Rev. E, 72, 041508 (2005).
[15] G. Bushell, Y. Yan, D. Woodfield, J. Raper, R. Amal, Adv. Col loid Interface Sci., 95, 1 (2002).
[16] M. Parthasarathy, D. J. Klingenberg, materials Science and Engineering:R, 17,57(1996).
[17] W. J. Wen, X. X. Huang, P. Sheng, Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 299 (2004).
[18] Y. Huang, C. R. Luo, L. S. Wang, X. P. Zhao, Acta Physica Sinica, 57, 3571(2008).
[19] R. Tao, J. M. Sun, 67,398 (1991).
[20] R. Tao, Q. Jiang, Phys. Rev. E 57,5761 (1998).
[21] W. Wen, N. Wang, H. Ma, Z. Lin, W. Y. Tam, C. T. Chan, P. Sheng, Phys. Rev.Lett. 82,4248 (1999).
[22] C. K. Lo, K. W. Yu, Phys. Rev. E 64,031501 (2001).
[23] R. Tao, D. Xiao, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80,4702 (2002).
[24] E. Yablonovitch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58,2059 (1987 )
[25] S. John, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2486 (1987).
[26] Q. F. Dai, T. H. Feng, Q. Guo, W. Hu, S. Lan, L. J. Wu, Chin. Phys. B 17,4533(2008).
[27] M. Chen, D. X. Huang, C. Q. Huang, J. Liu, J. Q. Sun, Chin. Phys. B 17, 1833(2008).
[28] J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, S. Fan, Nature 386, 143(1997).
[29] S. Y. Lin, E. Chow, V. Hietala, P. R. Villenenve, J. D. Joannopoulos, Science 282, 274(1998).
[30] P. Russell, Science 229, 358(2003).
[31] H. X. Da, C. Xu, Z. Y. Li, Phys. Lett. A 345,459 (2005).
[32] P. V. Braun, P. Wiltzius, Nature 402, 603 (1999).
[33] B. T. Holland, C. F. Blanford, A. Stein, Science 281, 538 (1998).
[34] N. Tetreault, H. Miguez, G. A. Ozin, Adv. Mater. 16, 1471 (2004).
[35] Y. A. Vlasov, X. Z. Bo, J. C. Sturm, D. J. Norris, Nature 414, 289 (2001).
[36] Y. L. Wang, M. Ibisate, Z. Y. Li, Y. N. Xia, Adv. Mater. 18,471 (2006).
[37] A. C. Arsenault, T. J. Clark, Freymann. G. Von, L. Cademartiri, R. Sapienza, J. Bertolotti, E. Vekris, S. Wong, V. Kitaev, I. Manners, R. Z. Wang, S. John, D. Wiersma, G. A. Ozin, Nat. Mater. 5, 179 (2006). ]
[38] C. Paquet, F. Yoshino, L. Levina, I. Gourevich, E. H. Sargent, E. Kumacheva, Adv. Funct. Mater., 16, 1892 (2006).
[39] D. Y. Wang, F. Caruso, Adv. Mater. 15, 205 (2003).
[40] J. P. Huang, Chem. Phys. Lett. 390, 380 (2004).
[41] L. F. Zhang, J. P. Huang, Chinese Physics B, (accepted).
[1] U. Kreibig, M. Vollmer, Optical Properties of Metal Clusters (Springer, Berlin, 1995).
[2] Optical Properties of Nanostructured Random Media, edited by V. M. Shalaev (Springer, Berlin, 2002).
[3] Optical Nanotechnologies: The Manipulation of Surface and Local Plasmons, edited by J. Tominaga and Din P. Tsai (Springer, Berlin, 2003).
[4] K. P. Yuen, M. F. Law, K. W. Yu, Ping Sheng, Phys. Rev. E 56, R1322 (1997).
[5] V. M. Shalaev, A. K. Sarychev, Phys. Rev. B 57,13265 (1998).
[6] K. Kneipp, Y. Wang, H. Kneipp, Lev T. Perelman, I. Itzkan, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78,1667 (1997).
[7] S. Schultz, D. R. Smith, J. J. Mock, D. A. Schultz, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 996 (2000).
[8] R. Jin, Y. W. Cao, C. A. Mirkin, K. L. Kelly, G. C. Schatz, J. G. Zheng, Science 294, 1901 (2001).
[9] J. Aizpurua, P. Hanarp, D. S. Sutherland, M. Kail, G. W. Bryant, F. J. Garcia de Abajo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 057401 (2003).
[10] J. J. Mock, M. Barbie, D. R. Smith, D. A. Schultz, S. Schultz, J. Chem. Phys. 116,6755 (2002).
[11] M. Moskovits, I. Srnova-Sloufova, B. VIckova, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 10435 (2002).
[12] S. A. Maier, P. G. Kik, H. A. Atwater, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81,1714 (2002).
[13] S. A. Maier, P. G. Kik, H. A. Atwater, Phys. Rev. B 67, 205402 (2003).
[14] R. Quidant, C. Girard, J. C. Weeber, A. Dereux, Phys. Rev. B 69,085407 (2004).
[15] K. W. Yu, Jones T. K. Wan, Comput. Phys. Commun. 129, 177 (2000).
[16] Y. Ju, J. P. Huang, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 7865 (2008).
[17] J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd, (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001).
[18] L. Poladian, Phys. Rev. B 44, 2092 (1991).
[19] Z. Jiang, Z. Shen, K. Lu, J.Electrost. 53, 53 (2001).
[20] L. F. Zhang, J. P. Huang, "Optical response of strongly coupled metal nanopar-ticles" , manuscript in preparation.
[2]马红孺,陆坤权.物理,29,516(2000).
[3]陆坤权,刘寄星.软物质物理学导论.北京大学出版社,2006.
[4]P.G.de Gennes,J.Badoz,Fragile Objects:Soft Matter,Hard Science,and the Thrill of Discovery,Copernicus,New York:Springer-verlag,1996.
[5]马余强.物理学进展,22,73(2002).
[6]W.M.Gelbart,A.Ben-Shaul,D.Roux,Micells,Membranes,Microemulsions,and Monolayers,(Springer-Verlag,1994).
[7]J.H.Holtz,Nature,389,829(1997).
[8]Z.Meng,J.K.Cho,V.Breedveld,et al,J.Phys.Chem.B,113,4590(2009).
[9]F.Piret,Y.U.Kwon,B.L.Su,Chem.Phys.Lett.,472,207(2009).
[10]M.Rycenga,P.H.C.Camargo,Y.N.Xia,Soft Matter,5,1129(2009).
[11]D.R.E.Snoswell,C.L.Bower,P.Ivanov,et al,New Journal Of Physics,8,267(2006).
[12]M.Harada,M.Ishii,H.Nakamura,Jn.J.Appl.Phys.,45,L676(2006).
[13]Q.F.Yah,X.S.Zhao,J.H.Teng,et al,Langmuir,200,7001(2006).
[14]A.C.Arsenault,T.J.Clark,G.Von Freymann,et al,Nat.Mater.,5,179(2006).
[15]F.Meseguer,colloids and surfaces,270,1(2005).
[16]N.V.Dziornkina,G.J.Vancso,Soft Matter,1,265(2005).
[17]J.Q.Xia,Y.R.Ying,S.H.Foulger,Advanced Materials,17,2463(2005).
[18] J. L. Zhang, L. J. Xue, Y. C. Han, Langmuir, 21, 5667 (2005).
[19] M. Ishii, H. Nakamura, H. Nakano, et al, Langmuir, 21, 5367 (2005).
[20] J. V. Sanders, Nature, 204,1151 (1964).
[21] A. R. Parker, V. L. Welch, D. Driver, et al, Nature 426,786 (2003).
[22] Y. A. Vlasov, X-Z Bo, J. C. Sturm, et al, Nature 414, 289 (2001).
[23] S. H. Park, D. Qin, Y. N. Xia, Adv Matter, 10,1028 (1998).
[24] K-Q. Zhang, X. Y. Liu, Nature, 429, 739 (2004).
[25] V. de Villeneuve, R. Dullens, D. Aarts, et al, Science, 309, 1231 (2005).
[26] A. Yethiraj, A. van B laaderen, Nature, 421, 513 (2003).
[27] A. A. lsayed, M. Islam, J. Zhang, et al, Science 309, 1207 (2005).
[28] K. Pham, A. Puertas, J. Bergenholtz, et al, Science 296, 104 (2002).
[29] Y. G. Li, Y .Y. Wu, Journal of The American Chemical Society 131,5851 (2009).
[30] X. L. Hu, J. M. Gong, L. Z. Zhang, et al, Advanced Materials 20,4845 (2008).
[31] S. C. Yang, D. J. Yang, J. Kim, et al, Advanced Materials 20, 1059 (2008).
[32] E. E. Ross, M. J. Wirth, Langmuir 24,1629 (2008).
[33] P. H. C. Camargo, Z. Y. Li, Y. Xia, Soft Matter 3, 1215 (2007).
[34] G. Z. Han, Z. Y. Xie, D. Zheng, et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 141114 (2007).
[35] N. Harris, M. J. Ford, M. B. Cortie, et al, Nanotechnology 18, 365301 (2007).
[36] S. Forster, A. Timmann, C. Schellbach, et al, Nature Materials 6, 888 (2007).
[37] M. Skarabot, U. Tkalec, I. Musevic, European Physical Journal E 24, 99 (2007).
[38] Z. Y. Ren, X. Li, J. H. Zhang, et al, Langmuir 23, 8272 (2007).
[39] C. M. Noel, G. Bossis,A-M. Chaze, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 217801 (2006).
[40] F. Shiba, Y. Okawa, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 21664 (2005).
[41]J.Xu,H.P.Xia,Y.P.Zhang,et al,Journal of Inorganic Materials 20,193(2005).
[42]K.Y.Suh,H.Yoon,H.H.Lee,et al,Appl.Phys.Lett.85,2643(2004).
[43]M.Abe,M.Orita,H.Yamazaki,et al,Langmuir 20,5046(2004).
[44]T.Schilling,D.Frenkel,Phys.Rev.Lett.92,085505(2004).
[45]H.Fudouzi,Y.N.Xia,Langmuirlg,9653(2003).
[46]T.Y.Gong,D.T.Wu,D.W.M.Marr,Lamgmuir 19,5967(2003).
[47]C.Reichhardt,C.J.Olson,Phys.Rev.Lett.89,078301(2002).
[48]W.M.Lee,S.A.Pruzinsky,P.V.Braun,Advanced Materials 14,271(2002).
[49]A.Modinos,N.Stefanou,V.Yannopapas,Optics Express $,197(2001).
[50]P.Dong,Progress in natural science 10,575(2000).
[51]Z.D.Cheng,W.B.Russell,P.M.Chaikin,Nature 401,893(1999).
[52]Z.Y.Li,J.Wang,B.Y.Gu,Phys.Rev.B 58,3721(1998).
[53]A.G.Khachaturyan,Phys.Rev.B 48,2949(1993).
[54]Y.H.Ye,S.Badilescu,Vo-Van.Truong,Appl.Phys.Lett.,18,2019(2002).
[55]D.K.Yi,M.J.Kim,D.Y.Kim,Langmiur 18,2019(2002).
[56]C.A.Murray,D.H.V.Winkle,Phys.Rev.Lett.,58,1200(1987).
[57]A.T.Skjeltorp,p.Meakin,Nature 335,424(1988).
[58]Y.N.Xia,B.Gates,Y.D.Yin,et al,Adv.Mater 12,693(2000).
[59]A.J.Hurd,D.W.Sheafer,Phys.Rev.Lett.,58,1043(1985).
[60]H.H.Wickman,J.N.Korley,Nature 393,445(1998).
[61]M.Kondo,K.Shinozaki,et al,Langmuir 11,394(1995).
[62]N.D.Denkov,O.D.Velev,P.A.Kralchevsky,et al,Langmuir 8,3183(1992).
[63]A.S.Dimitrov,C.D.Dushkin,H.Yoshimura,et al,Langmuir 10,432(1994).
[64] A. S. Dimitrov, K. Nagayama, Langmuir 12, 1303 (1996).
[65] H. W. Deckman, J. H. Dunsmuir, Appl. Phys. Lett., 41,377 (1982).
[66] M. Trau, D. A. Saville, et al. Science 272,706 (1996).
[67] P. Richetti, J. Prost, J. Phys. Chem., 45, L1137 (1984).
[68]李澄,齐利民,大学化学 21,1 (2006).
[69] O. D. Velev, A. M. Lenhoff, Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci, 5, 56 (2000).
[70] P. Jiang, J. F. Bertone, K. S. Hwang, et al, Chem. Mater., 11, 2132 (1999).
[71] Y. A. Vlasov, X-Z. Bo, J. C. Sturm, et al, Nature 426,786 (2003).
[72] S. Wong, V. Kitaev, G. A. Ozin, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,125, 15589 (2003).
[73] D. J. Norris, E. G. Arlinghaus, L. Meng, et al, Adv. Mater 16, 1393 (2004).
[74] S. H. Park, D. Qin, Y. N. Xia, Adv Matter, 10, 1028 (1998).
[75] S. Reculusa, S. Ravaine, Chem. Mater., 15,598 (2003).
[76] van B laaderen A. MRS, Bull 29, 85(2004).
[77] A. Yethiral, A. van B laaderen, Nature 421, 513(2003).
[78] Y. N. Xia, Y. D. Yin, Y. Lu, et al, Adv. Funct. Mater., 13, 907 (2003).
[79] D. Wang, H. M(?)hwald, J. Mater. Chem., 14,459 (2004).
[80] N. V. Dziomkina, G. Vancso, J. Soft Materterl, 265 (2005).
[81] A. van B lasderen, R. Rucl, P. Wiltzius, Nature385,321 (1997).
[82] A. D. Dinsmore, M. F. Hsu, M. G. Nikolaides, et al, Science 298, 1006 (2002).
[83] E. Yablonovitch, Phys. Rev. Lett., 58, 2059 (1987).
[84] S. John, Phys. Rev. Lett.,58, 2486 (1987).
[85] K. Velikov, C. Christova, R. Dullens, et al, Science 296, 3125 (1990).
[86] V. Kitaev, G. A. Ozin, Adv. Mater., 15, 75 (2003).
[87] K. M. Ho, C. T. Chan, C. M. Soukoulis, Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1207 (2005).
[88] K. Busch, S. John, Phys. Rev. Lett., 83, 967 (1999).
[89] A. Stain, Microporous And Mesoporous Materials, 44, 227 (2001).
[90] O. D. Velev, T. A. Jede, et al, Nature 389,447 (1997).
[91] F. charles-Andre, et al, Adv. Mater. 15, 1025 (2003).
[92] A. Blanco, E. Chomski, S. Grabtchak, et al, Science 405,437 (2000).
[93] S. Kubo, Z. Z. Gu, K. Takahashi, et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 124, 10950 (2002).
[94] J. H. Holtz, S. A. Asher, Nature 389, 829 (1997).
[95] S. Kubo, Z. Z. Gu, K. Takahashi, et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 124, 10950 (2002).
[96] H. Fudouzi, Y. N. Xia, Adv. Mater. 15, 892 (2003).
[97] A. R. Parker, V. L. Welch, D. Driver, et al, Nature 426, 786 (2003).
[98] P. Ball, Chemistry in Britain 8,23 (2003).
[99] W. J. Wen,X. X. Huang, P. Sheng, Soft Matter, 4, 200 (2008).
[100] M. Whittle, W. A. Bullough, Nature, 358, 373 (1992).
[101] W. M. Winslow, J. Appl. Phys., 20, 1137 (1949).
[102] R. Tao, J. M. Sun, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 398 (1991).
[103] H. R. Ma, W. J. Wen, W. Y. Tarn, P. Sheng, Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 2499 (1996).
[104] W. Wen, X. Huang, S. Yang, K. Lu, P. Sheng, Nat. Mater., 2, 727 (2003).
[105] K. Q. Lu, R. Shen, X. Z. Wang, G. Sun, W. J. Wen, J. X. Liu, Chin. Phys., 15,2476 (2006).
[106] L. Lobry, E. Lemaire, J. Electrost., 47, 61 (1999).
[107] R. Tao, Y. C. Lan, Phys. Rev. E 72, 041508 (2005).
[108] G. Bushell, Y. Yan, D. Woodfield, J. Raper, R. Amal, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 95, 1(2002).
[109] J. Y. Hong, E. Kwon, J. Jang, Soft Matter 5,951 (2009).
[110] T. Hao, Advanced Materials 13,1847 (2001).
[111] M. Stenicka, V. Pavlinek, P. Saha, N. V. Blinova, J. Stejskal, O. Quadrat, Colloid and Polymer Science 287,403(2009).
[112] B. X. Wang, M. Zhou, Z. Rozynek, J. O. Fossum, Journal of Materials Chemistry 19,1816(2009).
[113] Y. C. Cheng, X. H. Liu, J. J. Guo, F. H. Liu, Z. X. Li, G. H. Xu, P. Cui, Nan- otechnology 20,055604 (2009).
[114] Q. L. Cheng, V. Pavlinek, Y. He, C. Z. Li, P. Saha, Colloid and Polymer Science 287,435 (2009).
[115] J. B. Yin, X. P. Zhao, X. Xia, L. Q. Xiang, Y. P. Qiao, Polymer 49,4413(2008).
[116] G. S. Roberts, R. Sanchez, R. Kemp, T. Wood, P. Bartlett, Langmuir 24, 6530 (2008).
[117] T. Hao, A. Kawai, F. Ikazaki, Langmuir 14, 1256 (1998).
[118] X. Q. Gong, J. B. Wu, X. X. Huang, et al, Nanotechnology 19, 165602 (2008).
[119] M. L. Kinsinger, B. Sun, N. L. Abbott, D. M. Lynn, Advanced Materials 19,4208 (2007).
[120] S. G. Kim, J. Y. Lim, J. H. Sung, et al, Polymer 48, 6622 (2007).
[121] T. Belza, V. Pavlinek, P. Saha, M. J. Benes, D. Horak, O. Quadrat, Physica A 385,1 (2007).
[122] Y. Ma, Y. L. Jia, Y. L. Shang, F. H. Liao, J. R. Li, S. H. Zhang, O. Zhang, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 105, 2427 (2007).
[123] J. H. Sung, H. J. Choi, M. S. Jhon, Materials Chemistry and Physics 77, 778 (2003).
[124] H. Block, J. P. Kelly, A. Qin, T. Watson, Langmuir 6, 6 (1990).
[125] U. S. Choi, Y. S. Park, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 7, 281 (2001).
[126] L. C. Davis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 319 (1992).
[127] S. Sarikaya, M. Yavuz, H. Yilmaz, H. I. Unal, B. Sari, Polymer Composites 30, 583 (2009).
[128] F. Ikazaki, A. Kawai, K. Uchida, T. Kawakami, K. Edamura, K. Sakurai, H. Anzai, Y. Asako, Journal of Physics D 31, 336 (1998).
[129] G. Navaneetham, J. D. Posner, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 619, 331 (2009).
[130] S. Ahualli, M. L. Jimenez, A. V. Delgado, F. J. Arroyo, F. Carrique, IEEE Transactions On Dielectrics And Electrical Insulation 13, 657 (2006).
[131] F. Carrique, F. J. Arroyo, A. V. Delgado, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 243, 351 (2001).
[132] E. K. Zholkovskij, J. H. Masliyah, V. N. Shilov, S. Bhattachalgee, Advances In Colloid And Interface Science 134, 279 (2007).
[133] K. Negita, Y. Misono, T. Yamaguchi, J. Shinagawa, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 321,452 (2008).
[134] M. Stenicka, V. Pavlinek, P. Saha, et al, Colloid and Polymer Science 287, 403(2009).
[135] M. Parthasarathy, D. J. Klingenberg, materials Science and Engineering: R, 17,57(1996).
[136] W. J. Wen, X. X. Huang, P. Sheng, Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 299 (2004).
[137] E. Yablonovitch and J.J.Gmitter., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 2295 (1992).
[138] W. J. Wen, N. Wang, H. R. Ma, Z. F. Lin, W. Y. Tam, C. T. Chan, P. Sbeng, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 4248 (1999).
[139]H.Tada,Y.Saito,M.Hirata,M.Hyodo,H.Kawahara,J.APPl.Phys.,73,489(1993).
[140]A.M.Marke,Appl.Opt.,8,1397(1969).
[141]G.Beni,H.G.Craighead,S.Hackwood,Appl.phys.Lett.,39,195(1981).
[142]P.M.Taylor,D.M.Pollet,A.Hosseini-Sianaki,C.J.Varley,DisPlays,18,135(1998).
[143]新野正之,平井敏雄,渡边龙三,日本复合材料学会志,13,257(1987).
[144]黄旭涛,材料科学与工程,15,35(1997).
[145]Z.H.Qian,F.Jin,T.J.Lu,et al,Appl.Phys.Lett.94,093513(2009)
[146]S.Na,K.W.Kim,B.H.Lee,et al,Journal of Thermal Stresses 32,209(2009).
[147]X.Wang,E.Pan,J.D.Albrecht,et al,Composite Structures 87,206(2009).
[148]R.Mirzaeifar,H.Bahai,S.Shahab,Smart Materials and Structures 17,045003(2008).
[149]A.H.Sofiyev,Z.Zerin,A.Korkmaz,Composite Structures 85,105(2008).
[150]Z.Y.Huang,C.F.Lu,W.Q.Chen,Composite Structures 85,95(2008).
[151]Y.H.Tsai,C.P.Wu,International Journal of Engineering Science,46,843(2008).
[152]X.Wang,E.Pan,J.D.Albrecht,J.Appl.Phys.I03,l13511(2008).
[153]L.L.Ke,J.Yang,S.Kitipornchai,et al,International Journal of Solid And Structures,45,3313(2008).
[154]T.P.D.Rajan,R.M.Pillai,B.C.Pai,Journal of Alloys And Compounds,453,L4-L7(2008).
[155]B.T.Lee,S.K.Sarkar,H.Y.Song,Materials Transactions 49,339(2008).
[156]N.Sundararajan,M.Ganapathi,Journal of Engineering Mechanics-Asce 134,206(2008).
[157]P.Gu,R.J.Asaro,Composite Structures 82,413(2008).
[158]M.Chohra,S.G.Advani,S.Yarlagadda,Advanced Composites Letters 16,205(2007).
[159]A.Mejdoubi,C.Brosseau,J.Appl.Phys.102,094104(2007).
[160]S.S.Vel,J.L.Pelletier,Composite Structures 81,386(2007).
[161]N.Gupta,Materials Letters 61,979(2007).
[162]A.H.Sofiyev,Composite Structures 77,56(2007).
[163]M.Chohra,S.G.Advani,A.Gokce,et al,Polymer Composites 27,570(2006).
[164]X.C.Zhang,B.S.Xu,H.D.Wang,et al,Thin Solid Films 497,223(2006).
[165]J.Jang,J.Bae,Advanced Functional Materials 15,1877(2005).
[166]M.K.Apalak,R.Gunes,Composite Structures 70,444(2005).
[167]H.M.Yin,G.H.Paulino,W.G.Buttlar,et al,J.Appl.Phys.98,063704(2005).
[168]A.H.Sofiyev,Composite Structures 69,247(2005).
[169]Y.Watanabe,R.Sato,I.S.Kim,et al,Materials Transactions 46,944(2005).
[170]B.Y.Wen,G.Wu,J.Yu,Polymer 45,3359(2004).
[171]Y.Watanabe,T.Iwamoto,A.Teramoto,et al,Materials Transactions 45,1005(2004).
[172]K.Yamagiwa,Y.Watanabe,Y.Fukui,et al,Materials Transactions 44,2461(2003).
[173]E.B.Wei,J.W.Tian,J.B.Song,Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter 15,8907(2003).
[174]M.M.Najafizadeh,B.Hedayati,Journal of Thermal Stresses 27,857(2004).
[175]温变英,北京化工大学,博士论文,聚合物梯度材料的制备及材料结构与性能研究,2003.
[176]H.Zheng,K.Ru,X.Zhang,Journal of Southwest China Normal University 27,788(2002).
[177]B.Ye,Q.Li,H.Zhao,Conservation And Utilization Mineral Resources 4,47(2004).
[178]王英姿,张虹,吴波,河南建材2,16(2002).
[179]余茂黎,魏明坤,功能材料23,184(1992).
[180]Y.Fukui,K.Nakanish,N.Yamanaka,et al,J.Jpn.Soc.Heat.Treat.35,11(1995).
[181]王豫,姚凯伦,物理29,206(2000).
[182]T.Matsumura,Y.Hotta,I.Yoshikawa.Fr Demande FR.27,17(1993).
[183]J.P.Huang,K.W.Yu,Physics Report 431,87(2006).
[184]J.J.Xiao,K.W.Yu,Appl.Phys.Lett.88,071911(2006).
[185]J.P.Huang,K.W.Yu,J.Opt.Soc.Am.B 22,1640(2005).
[186]J.P.Huang,K.W,Yu,Appl.Phys.Lett.85,94(2004).
[187]J.P.Huang,Y.C.Jian,C.Z.Fan,and K.W.Yu,J.Phys.Chem.C 112,621(2008).
[188]葛炳恒,周馨我,高分子材料科学与工程,7,1(1991).
[189]朱信华,孟中岩,功能材料,29,122(1998).
[190]H.Dislish,J.Non--Cryst Solids,100,378(1988).
[191]Y.Y.Yang,Materials Science Forum,308,948(1999).
[192]P.M.Hui,X.Zhang,A.J.Markworth,D.Stroud,J.Mater.Sci.,34,5497(1999).
[193]T.Laux,A.Killinger,M.Auweter-Kurtz,R.Gadow,H.Wilhelmi,Materials Science Forum 308,428(1999).
[194]D.Dantz,Ch.Genzel,W.Reimers,Materials Science Forum,308,829(1999).
[195]K.Mueller,Materials Science Forum 308,754(1999).
[196] M. Hashimoto, Materials Science Forum 308, 699 (1999).
[197] L. Helmers, Mater. Sci. Eng., B56, 60 (1998).
[1] Colloids and Colloid Assemblies, edited by F. Caruso (Wiley-VCH, Wein-heim, 2004).
[2] F. Sch(?)th and F. Marlow, Nature 449, 550 (2007).
[3] T. D. Krauss, Nature 447, 385 (2007).
[4] O. D. Velev, Science 312, 376 (2006).
[5] I. Mus(?)vi(?), M. (?)karabot, U. Tkalec, M. RavniK, and S. (?)umer, Science 313,954 (2006).
[6] J. H. Holtz, Nature, 389, 829 (1997).
[7] Z. Meng, J. K. Cho, V. Breedveld, et al, J. Phys. Chem. B, 14,4590 (2009).
[8] F. Piret, Y. U. Kwon, B. L. Su, Chem. Phys. Lett., 4, 207 (2009).
[9] M. Rycenga, P.H. C. Camargo, Y. N. Xia, Soft Matter, 6, 1129 (2009).
[10] D. R. E. Snoswell, C. L. Bower, P. Ivanov, et al, New Journal Of Physics, 8,267(2006).
[11] M. Harada, M. Ishii, H. Nakamura, Jn. J. Appl. Phys., 24, L676 (2006).
[12] Q. F. Yan, X. S. Zhao, J. H. Teng, et al, Langmuir, 16,7001 (2006).
[13] A. C. Arsenault, T. J. Clark, G. Von Freymann, et al, Nat. Mater., 3, 179 (2006).
[14] F. Meseguer, colloids and surfaces, 270, 1 (2005).
[15] N. V. Dziomkina, G.J. Vancso, Soft Matter, 4, 265 (2005).
[16] J. Q. Xia, Y. R. Ying, S. H. Foulger, Advanced Materials, 17, 2463 (2005).
[17] P. M. Hui, X. Zhang, A. J. Markworth, and D. Stroud, J. Mater. Sci. 34, 5497(1999).
[ 18] The Theory of Composites, edited by G. W. Milton (Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, 2002).
[19] E. B. Wei, J. W. Tian, and J. B. Song, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15,8907 (2003).
[20] J. P. Huang and K. W. Yu, Phys. Rep. 431, 87 (2006).
[21] L. Gao, Phys. Rev. E 73,036602 (2006).
[22] Z. F. Sang and Z. Y. Li, Opt. Commun. 259,174 (2006).
[23] J. P. Huang and K. W. Yu, New Nonlinear Optical Materials: Theoretical Research (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 2007).
[24] A. M. Freyria, E. Chignier, J. Guidollet, and P. Louisot, Biomaterials 12, 111(1991).
[25] U. Levy, M. Nezhad, H. C. Kim, C. H. Tasi, L. Pang, and Y. Fainman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22,724 (2005), and references therein.
[26] C. L. Nehl, N. K. Grady, G. P. Goodrich, F. Tam, N. J. Halas, and J. H. Hafner, Nano Lett. 4, 2355 (2004).
[27] D. B. Mitzi, L. L. Kosbar, C. E. Murray, M. Copel, and A. Afzali, Na- ture(London) 428, 299 (2004).
[28] C. K. Lo and K. W. Yu, Phys. Rev. E 64, 031501 (2001).
[29] L. D. Landau, E. M. Lifshitz, and L. P. Piaevskii, Electrodynamics of Continuous Media, 2nd ed. (Pergamon, New York, 1984), Chap. Ⅱ.
[30] J. P. Huang and K. W. Yu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 041905 (2004).
[31] H. Ma, R. Xiao, and P. Sheng, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 1022 (1998).
[32] K. W. Yu, Solid State Commun. 105, 689 (1998).
[33] J. P. Huang and K. W. Yu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 071103 (2005).
[34] A. Sharkawy, D. Pustai, S. Y. Shi, D. W. Prather, S. McBride, and P. Zanzucchi, Opt. Express 13, 2814 (2005).
[35]P.B.Johnson and R.W.Christy,Phys.Rev.B 6,4370(1972).
[36]L.F.Zhang,J.P.Huang,K.W.Yu,Appl.Phys.Lett.92(2008) 091907.
[37]J.P.Huang,Y.C.Jian,C.Z.Fan,K.W.Yu,J.Phys.Chem.C 112(2008) 621.
[38]L.F.Zhang,J.P.Huang,K.W.Yu,Appl.Phys.Lett.92,091907(2008).
[39]L.F.Zhang,J.P.Huang,K.W.Yu,Chem.Phys.Lett.471,106(2009).
[1] W. M. Winslow, J. Appl. Phys. 20,1137 (1949).
[2] D. J. Klingenberg, MRS Bull. 23, 30 (1998).
[3] W. Wen, X. Huang, S. Yang, K. Lu, P. Sheng, Nat. Mater. 2,727 (2003).
[4] C. N. Cao, B. X.Wang,J.B.Yin,X.P.Zhao,M.Huang,Acta Physica Sinica,53, 1895 (2004).
[5] K. Q. Lu, R. Shen, X. Z. Wang, G. Sun, W. J. Wen, J. X. Liu, Chin. Phys. 15,2476(2006).
[6] J. P. Huang, K. W. Yu, 13,1065 (2004).
[7] L. Xu, W. J. Tian, X. F. Wu, J. G. Cao, L. W. Zhou, J. P. Huang, G. Q. Gu, 23,409 (2008).
[8] M. Whittle, W. A. Bullough, Nature, 358, 373 (1992).
[9] W. M. Winslow, J. Appl. Phys., 20, 1137 (1949).
[10] R. Tao, J. M. Sun, Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 398 (1991).
[11] H. R. Ma, W. J. Wen, W Y. Tam, P. Sheng, Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 2499 (1996).
[12] K. Q. Lu, R. Shen, X. Z. Wang, G. Sun, W. J. Wen, J. X. Liu, Chin. Phys., 15,2476 (2006).
[13] L. Lobry, E. Lemaire, J. Electrost., 47, 61 (1999).
[14] R. Tao, Y. C. Lan, Phys. Rev. E, 72, 041508 (2005).
[15] G. Bushell, Y. Yan, D. Woodfield, J. Raper, R. Amal, Adv. Col loid Interface Sci., 95, 1 (2002).
[16] M. Parthasarathy, D. J. Klingenberg, materials Science and Engineering:R, 17,57(1996).
[17] W. J. Wen, X. X. Huang, P. Sheng, Appl. Phys. Lett., 85, 299 (2004).
[18] Y. Huang, C. R. Luo, L. S. Wang, X. P. Zhao, Acta Physica Sinica, 57, 3571(2008).
[19] R. Tao, J. M. Sun, 67,398 (1991).
[20] R. Tao, Q. Jiang, Phys. Rev. E 57,5761 (1998).
[21] W. Wen, N. Wang, H. Ma, Z. Lin, W. Y. Tam, C. T. Chan, P. Sheng, Phys. Rev.Lett. 82,4248 (1999).
[22] C. K. Lo, K. W. Yu, Phys. Rev. E 64,031501 (2001).
[23] R. Tao, D. Xiao, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80,4702 (2002).
[24] E. Yablonovitch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58,2059 (1987 )
[25] S. John, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2486 (1987).
[26] Q. F. Dai, T. H. Feng, Q. Guo, W. Hu, S. Lan, L. J. Wu, Chin. Phys. B 17,4533(2008).
[27] M. Chen, D. X. Huang, C. Q. Huang, J. Liu, J. Q. Sun, Chin. Phys. B 17, 1833(2008).
[28] J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, S. Fan, Nature 386, 143(1997).
[29] S. Y. Lin, E. Chow, V. Hietala, P. R. Villenenve, J. D. Joannopoulos, Science 282, 274(1998).
[30] P. Russell, Science 229, 358(2003).
[31] H. X. Da, C. Xu, Z. Y. Li, Phys. Lett. A 345,459 (2005).
[32] P. V. Braun, P. Wiltzius, Nature 402, 603 (1999).
[33] B. T. Holland, C. F. Blanford, A. Stein, Science 281, 538 (1998).
[34] N. Tetreault, H. Miguez, G. A. Ozin, Adv. Mater. 16, 1471 (2004).
[35] Y. A. Vlasov, X. Z. Bo, J. C. Sturm, D. J. Norris, Nature 414, 289 (2001).
[36] Y. L. Wang, M. Ibisate, Z. Y. Li, Y. N. Xia, Adv. Mater. 18,471 (2006).
[37] A. C. Arsenault, T. J. Clark, Freymann. G. Von, L. Cademartiri, R. Sapienza, J. Bertolotti, E. Vekris, S. Wong, V. Kitaev, I. Manners, R. Z. Wang, S. John, D. Wiersma, G. A. Ozin, Nat. Mater. 5, 179 (2006). ]
[38] C. Paquet, F. Yoshino, L. Levina, I. Gourevich, E. H. Sargent, E. Kumacheva, Adv. Funct. Mater., 16, 1892 (2006).
[39] D. Y. Wang, F. Caruso, Adv. Mater. 15, 205 (2003).
[40] J. P. Huang, Chem. Phys. Lett. 390, 380 (2004).
[41] L. F. Zhang, J. P. Huang, Chinese Physics B, (accepted).
[1] U. Kreibig, M. Vollmer, Optical Properties of Metal Clusters (Springer, Berlin, 1995).
[2] Optical Properties of Nanostructured Random Media, edited by V. M. Shalaev (Springer, Berlin, 2002).
[3] Optical Nanotechnologies: The Manipulation of Surface and Local Plasmons, edited by J. Tominaga and Din P. Tsai (Springer, Berlin, 2003).
[4] K. P. Yuen, M. F. Law, K. W. Yu, Ping Sheng, Phys. Rev. E 56, R1322 (1997).
[5] V. M. Shalaev, A. K. Sarychev, Phys. Rev. B 57,13265 (1998).
[6] K. Kneipp, Y. Wang, H. Kneipp, Lev T. Perelman, I. Itzkan, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78,1667 (1997).
[7] S. Schultz, D. R. Smith, J. J. Mock, D. A. Schultz, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 996 (2000).
[8] R. Jin, Y. W. Cao, C. A. Mirkin, K. L. Kelly, G. C. Schatz, J. G. Zheng, Science 294, 1901 (2001).
[9] J. Aizpurua, P. Hanarp, D. S. Sutherland, M. Kail, G. W. Bryant, F. J. Garcia de Abajo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 057401 (2003).
[10] J. J. Mock, M. Barbie, D. R. Smith, D. A. Schultz, S. Schultz, J. Chem. Phys. 116,6755 (2002).
[11] M. Moskovits, I. Srnova-Sloufova, B. VIckova, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 10435 (2002).
[12] S. A. Maier, P. G. Kik, H. A. Atwater, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81,1714 (2002).
[13] S. A. Maier, P. G. Kik, H. A. Atwater, Phys. Rev. B 67, 205402 (2003).
[14] R. Quidant, C. Girard, J. C. Weeber, A. Dereux, Phys. Rev. B 69,085407 (2004).
[15] K. W. Yu, Jones T. K. Wan, Comput. Phys. Commun. 129, 177 (2000).
[16] Y. Ju, J. P. Huang, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 7865 (2008).
[17] J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd, (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001).
[18] L. Poladian, Phys. Rev. B 44, 2092 (1991).
[19] Z. Jiang, Z. Shen, K. Lu, J.Electrost. 53, 53 (2001).
[20] L. F. Zhang, J. P. Huang, "Optical response of strongly coupled metal nanopar-ticles" , manuscript in preparation.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |