基于无线传感器网络的设施农业环境自动监控系统研究
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摘要
设施农业的核心是对设施内部环境能够有效调控,营造适于生物生长发育及农产品贮藏保鲜的最佳环境条件。因此,对设施农业环境自动监控系统设计与开发的研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
现有的设施农业环境监控系统主要采用有线通信技术,如串行总线技术和现场总线技术进行通信。这种系统虽然具有设备互操作性好、抗干扰能力强等优点,但存在稳定性差、可靠性低、部署困难、安装及维护成本高等不足,从而极大地限制了其在设施农业领域中的推广应用。作为一种新兴的网络技术,无线传感器网络(wireless sensor networks,WSN)具有精度高、灵活性强、可靠性好、价格低廉等优点,可以有效克服上述缺陷。因此,论文开展WSN在设施农业领域的应用研究。论文的主要工作和创新点如下:
1、分析了论文的选题背景和选题意义,综述了国内外相关研究现状,提出了论文的研究内容和论文结构。
2、提出了基于WSN的设施农业环境自动监控系统(WSN-FAEAM)的整体结构。WSN-FAEAM系统主要由WSN、Sink(汇节点或网关)、主干网和用户网络等组成。WSN由传感器节点以Ad Hoc方式组成。主干网主要是指GSM、Internet和卫星网络等。
3、提出了WSN-FAEAM系统的协议栈。该协议栈对IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee方案进行了改进。
4、研制了WSN-FAEAM系统的Sink,实现了传感器网络与主干网之间的透明互联。
5、研制了WSN-FAEAM系统的各种传感器节点和执行机构。所研制的节点遵循IEEEStd 1451.0~(TM)-2007和IEEE Std 1451.5~(TM)-2007标准。
6、提出了WSN-FAEAM系统的MAC层协议S-MAC~+和路由协议MCFA~+,并在TinyOS操作系统上,采用nesC语言编程实现了S-MAC~+协议和MCFA~+协议。进而,实现了WSN-FAEAM系统的协议栈。
7、建立了WSN-FAEAM系统中传感器节点的校正引擎,主要负责对各种传感数据进行静态误差补偿。
8、在Microsoft Visual C++6.0、National Instruments LabVIEW 8.6等环境下,开发了WSN-FAEAM系统的上位机管理软件,包括后台管理软件和数据管理软件两个子系统。
9、定义了WSN-FAEAM系统的安全框架,提出了WSN-FAEAM系统的安全机制和安全部署方案。
10、研制了WSN-FAEAM系统,该系统对农业设施内部生物生长发育的环境条件,实现了自动、远程、实时监控。
11、通过试验及实际运行,对所研制的WSN-FAEAM系统的性能进行了全面的分析。试验结果及实际运行效果表明:所研制的WSN-FAEAM系统实现了预期设计目标,具有精确度高、能耗小、成本低、稳定性强、鲁棒性好、扩展灵活及安装方便等优点,可以应用于温室、苗圃等区域,实现这些区域内部环境条件的远程、实时、自动监控。
最后,对论文的研究成果进行了总结,并对下一步的研究内容进行了展望。
The key functionality of facility agriculture is to effectively regulate the internal environmental conditions of the facilities and to create the optimum environmental conditions for the growth of organism and for keeping fresh of the farm products.Thus,the development of the automatic monitoring system for the facility agriculture environment is of great theoretical significance and application value.
The main technique adopted in the existing monitoring system for facility agriculture environment is the wire communication technique,such as the serial-bus technique and the field-bus technique.Such systems possess good interoperability and strong anti-jamming ability. However,their shortages,such as bad stability,low reliability,high cost of installation and maintenance,are also obvious and can not be neglected.These shortages significantly limit the application and popularization of these monitoring systems in the field of facility agriculture.As a new emerging network technique,wireless sensor networks(WSN)possess various merits such as high accuracy,high flexibility,high reliability and low price,and can effectively overcomes deficiencies in the existing monitoring systems.In view of the great advantages of WSN,this thesis focuses on the study of applications of WSN in the field of facility agriculture.The main contributions of the thesis are as follows:
1.The background and motivations of the topic studied in this thesis are analyzed,the relevant results on the concerned topic are summarized,and the main content and structure of the thesis are presented.
2.The overall structure of the WSN-based automatic monitoring system for facility agriculture environment(WSN-FAEAM)is proposed.The WSN-FAEAM system is composed of WSN,Sink,Backbone Network and User Network.The WSN is constructed by wireless sensor nodes in the way of Ad Hoc.And the Backbone Network refers to the GSM,Internet and satellite network.
3.The protocol stack for the WSN-FAEAM system is designed.The designed protocol stack has improved on the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee scheme.
4.The Sink used in the WSN-FAEAM system is developed.The Sink acts as the Bridge between WSN and Backbone Network.
5.The sensor nodes and actuators of the WSN-FAEAM system are developed.The nodes are designed in accordance with the IEEE Std 1451.0~(?)-2007 and the IEEE Std 1451.5~(?)-2007 standards.
6.The MAC protocol S-MAC~+and routing protocol MCFA~+of the WSN-FAEAM system are proposed.Based on the TinyOS operating system,the protocols S-MAC~+and MCFA~+are programmed by nesC language.Furthermore,the protocol stack of the WSN-FAEAM is also realized.
7.The correction engines of the sensor nodes in the WSN-FAEAM system are established. These correction engines are responsible for the static error compensation of the sensed data.
8.The host-computer management software of the WSN-FAEAM system is developed based on the Microsoft Visual C++6.0 and National Instruments LabVIEW 8.6.The host-computer management software is composed of the background management software and the data management software.
9.The security framework of the WSN-FAEAM system is defined.The security mechanism and security deployment scheme of the WSN-FAEAM system are also presented.
10.The WSN-FAEAM system is developed.The WSN-FAEAM system is able to remotely and automatically monitor the internal environmental conditions of the agricultural facilities in real-time fashion.
11.The performance of the WSN-FAEAM system is comprehensively analyzed based on the experiments.It is demonstrated by experiments that the anticipated goals of the WSN-FAEAM system are realized.And the designed system possesses many advantages,such as high accuracy,low energy consumption,low price,strong stability performance and robustness,high flexible to expand and convenient installation.The WSN-FAEAM system can be applied to the real-time remote monitoring the internal environmental conditions of greenhouses,nursery,etc.
In the end,the main results of the thesis are summarized,and future research directions are discussed.
现有的设施农业环境监控系统主要采用有线通信技术,如串行总线技术和现场总线技术进行通信。这种系统虽然具有设备互操作性好、抗干扰能力强等优点,但存在稳定性差、可靠性低、部署困难、安装及维护成本高等不足,从而极大地限制了其在设施农业领域中的推广应用。作为一种新兴的网络技术,无线传感器网络(wireless sensor networks,WSN)具有精度高、灵活性强、可靠性好、价格低廉等优点,可以有效克服上述缺陷。因此,论文开展WSN在设施农业领域的应用研究。论文的主要工作和创新点如下:
1、分析了论文的选题背景和选题意义,综述了国内外相关研究现状,提出了论文的研究内容和论文结构。
2、提出了基于WSN的设施农业环境自动监控系统(WSN-FAEAM)的整体结构。WSN-FAEAM系统主要由WSN、Sink(汇节点或网关)、主干网和用户网络等组成。WSN由传感器节点以Ad Hoc方式组成。主干网主要是指GSM、Internet和卫星网络等。
3、提出了WSN-FAEAM系统的协议栈。该协议栈对IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee方案进行了改进。
4、研制了WSN-FAEAM系统的Sink,实现了传感器网络与主干网之间的透明互联。
5、研制了WSN-FAEAM系统的各种传感器节点和执行机构。所研制的节点遵循IEEEStd 1451.0~(TM)-2007和IEEE Std 1451.5~(TM)-2007标准。
6、提出了WSN-FAEAM系统的MAC层协议S-MAC~+和路由协议MCFA~+,并在TinyOS操作系统上,采用nesC语言编程实现了S-MAC~+协议和MCFA~+协议。进而,实现了WSN-FAEAM系统的协议栈。
7、建立了WSN-FAEAM系统中传感器节点的校正引擎,主要负责对各种传感数据进行静态误差补偿。
8、在Microsoft Visual C++6.0、National Instruments LabVIEW 8.6等环境下,开发了WSN-FAEAM系统的上位机管理软件,包括后台管理软件和数据管理软件两个子系统。
9、定义了WSN-FAEAM系统的安全框架,提出了WSN-FAEAM系统的安全机制和安全部署方案。
10、研制了WSN-FAEAM系统,该系统对农业设施内部生物生长发育的环境条件,实现了自动、远程、实时监控。
11、通过试验及实际运行,对所研制的WSN-FAEAM系统的性能进行了全面的分析。试验结果及实际运行效果表明:所研制的WSN-FAEAM系统实现了预期设计目标,具有精确度高、能耗小、成本低、稳定性强、鲁棒性好、扩展灵活及安装方便等优点,可以应用于温室、苗圃等区域,实现这些区域内部环境条件的远程、实时、自动监控。
最后,对论文的研究成果进行了总结,并对下一步的研究内容进行了展望。
The key functionality of facility agriculture is to effectively regulate the internal environmental conditions of the facilities and to create the optimum environmental conditions for the growth of organism and for keeping fresh of the farm products.Thus,the development of the automatic monitoring system for the facility agriculture environment is of great theoretical significance and application value.
The main technique adopted in the existing monitoring system for facility agriculture environment is the wire communication technique,such as the serial-bus technique and the field-bus technique.Such systems possess good interoperability and strong anti-jamming ability. However,their shortages,such as bad stability,low reliability,high cost of installation and maintenance,are also obvious and can not be neglected.These shortages significantly limit the application and popularization of these monitoring systems in the field of facility agriculture.As a new emerging network technique,wireless sensor networks(WSN)possess various merits such as high accuracy,high flexibility,high reliability and low price,and can effectively overcomes deficiencies in the existing monitoring systems.In view of the great advantages of WSN,this thesis focuses on the study of applications of WSN in the field of facility agriculture.The main contributions of the thesis are as follows:
1.The background and motivations of the topic studied in this thesis are analyzed,the relevant results on the concerned topic are summarized,and the main content and structure of the thesis are presented.
2.The overall structure of the WSN-based automatic monitoring system for facility agriculture environment(WSN-FAEAM)is proposed.The WSN-FAEAM system is composed of WSN,Sink,Backbone Network and User Network.The WSN is constructed by wireless sensor nodes in the way of Ad Hoc.And the Backbone Network refers to the GSM,Internet and satellite network.
3.The protocol stack for the WSN-FAEAM system is designed.The designed protocol stack has improved on the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee scheme.
4.The Sink used in the WSN-FAEAM system is developed.The Sink acts as the Bridge between WSN and Backbone Network.
5.The sensor nodes and actuators of the WSN-FAEAM system are developed.The nodes are designed in accordance with the IEEE Std 1451.0~(?)-2007 and the IEEE Std 1451.5~(?)-2007 standards.
6.The MAC protocol S-MAC~+and routing protocol MCFA~+of the WSN-FAEAM system are proposed.Based on the TinyOS operating system,the protocols S-MAC~+and MCFA~+are programmed by nesC language.Furthermore,the protocol stack of the WSN-FAEAM is also realized.
7.The correction engines of the sensor nodes in the WSN-FAEAM system are established. These correction engines are responsible for the static error compensation of the sensed data.
8.The host-computer management software of the WSN-FAEAM system is developed based on the Microsoft Visual C++6.0 and National Instruments LabVIEW 8.6.The host-computer management software is composed of the background management software and the data management software.
9.The security framework of the WSN-FAEAM system is defined.The security mechanism and security deployment scheme of the WSN-FAEAM system are also presented.
10.The WSN-FAEAM system is developed.The WSN-FAEAM system is able to remotely and automatically monitor the internal environmental conditions of the agricultural facilities in real-time fashion.
11.The performance of the WSN-FAEAM system is comprehensively analyzed based on the experiments.It is demonstrated by experiments that the anticipated goals of the WSN-FAEAM system are realized.And the designed system possesses many advantages,such as high accuracy,low energy consumption,low price,strong stability performance and robustness,high flexible to expand and convenient installation.The WSN-FAEAM system can be applied to the real-time remote monitoring the internal environmental conditions of greenhouses,nursery,etc.
In the end,the main results of the thesis are summarized,and future research directions are discussed.
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