基于Petri网的Web服务组合相关技术研究
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摘要
Web服务作为面向服务体系结构(Service Oriented Architecture,SOA)的主要实现方式,得到了工业界和学术界的普遍重视。它的出现使得“软件就是服务”的设计理念逐渐转变成一种切实可行的系统构架模式。采用Web服务组合技术能够快速灵活的构建具有新功能的Web服务。目前,组合Web服务的形式化验证以及自动Web服务组合是Web服务研究领域两个重要的问题。本文以Petri网为理论基础,针对这两方面问题进行深入的研究,具体研究成果如下:
1.改进了一种着色Petri网的模型检测方法。在着色Petri网原有的基于CTL的局部模型检测算法基础上,给出了获取模型检测证据/反例的算法,并在着色Petri网模型检测工具—CPN Tools中使用ML(Metal Language)语言实现这些算法。该方法不仅可以验证系统是否存在逻辑错误,还能告诉用户发生错误的原因,为组合Web服务的验证提供了技术上的保障。实验表明对着色Petri网的模型检测工具的扩展是正确、有效的。
2.提出一种基于层次着色Petri网的组合Web服务验证方法。分别针对编制/编排方式构造的组合Web服务进行建模、仿真以及验证。首先,给出BPEL规范和WSCI规范到层次着色Petri网的映射规则以及建模方法。然后使用着色Petri网的模型检测技术分析、验证具体的组合Web服务,发现其中潜在的逻辑错误。实验表明使用层次着色Petri网对Web服务组合验证的方法是切实、可靠、有效的。
3.提出了一种新的基于代数的模糊Petri网逆向推理算法。该算法充分利用了Petri网的数学理论基础和描述并发系统的能力,其数据结构简单,便于计算机编程处理。此外,采用逆向推理策略将系统转化为一个只与问题有关的简单的系统,减小空间复杂度。实践证明该方法是可行的。为评估动态组合Web服务的语义匹配度提供技术上的支持。
4.提出了一种基于Petri网模型的自动Web服务组合方法。根据用户需求使用Petri网描述原子服务之间的数据依赖关系;从中选择出各种可能的组合方案;利用模糊Petri网和随机Petri网分别评价组合服务的语义匹配程度和系统性能,从而在保证组合成功率的基础上选择出最佳组合方案;并给出算法将Petri网模型描述的最佳组合方案转换为可执行的BPEL抽象流程模板。与已有方法相比较,该方法充分利用Petri网善于描述分析评估系统的优点,方便的获取最佳组合Web服务方案。
As the corner stone technology of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), Web service has widely been adopted in academic and industry communities. The popularity of Web service technology also turned the Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) design theory into a practical system architecture paradigm. With Web services, new functions can be easily built by composing existing Web services. Currently, automatic Web services composition and verification are key challenges in the Web services research. In this paper, we investigate the two aspects based on Petri-net theories.
1. An extended model checking method based on colored Petri nets is proposed. Based on local model checking algorithm of CTL (Computational Tree Logic) in colored Petri nets, an algorithm for searching witness or counterexample of the model checking result is investigated. The algorithm is implemented using ML (Metal Language) language, and fluently integrated in the colored Petri net model checking tool named CPN-tools. Then, the extended CPN model checking tool can be used in the verification of Web services composition. The method can not only check the logical errors in some systems, but also tell users the reasons for the errors. This extension provides the technical guarantees for the Web services composition validation based on the colored Petri nets. Our experiments demonstrate that the extension is correct and effective.
2. This paper proposes a colored Petri net based approach for the modeling, simulation and verification of the Web service compositions based on orchestrations or choreographies. First, the mapping rules from BPEL and WSCI to colored Petri nets are introduced; then CTL based colored Petri nets model checking approach is applied to verify Web service compositions for error detection. Our experiments demonstrate the Web service verification based on colored Petri nets is more practical, reliable and effective.
3. This paper proposes a new backward reasoning algorithm based on algebra. The algorithm fully takes advantage of mathematics foundation of Petri nets, is of parallel computing capability and simpler data structure. The method is much easier for implementation. In addition, based on the backward reasoning method, a complex system can be transformed into a simpler system closely related to the current problems. Thus, the space complexity of the algorithm can be reduced. The feasibility was testified through practice. This algorithm provides the technical support for evaluating the semantic matchmaking degree of dynamic Web services composition.
4. An automatic Web services composition based on Petri nets is presented. With this method, we first obtain a Petri net model that represents the data dependent relationship between the service composition according to consumers' demands and the current available services. Then, plans of the service composition are obtained. Further, Fuzzy Petri net (FPN) is utilized to evaluate the semantic matching degree of each kind of combination plan, and the generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) is employed to analyze the performance of the plan with better semantic matching degree. Then, a better performance composition plans can be obtained on the basis of guaranteeing high success ratio of composition. Finally, one can pick out the better plan and transform it into an operational code framework in BPEL. Compared with other approaches available, our method takes full advantages of Petri nets, such as easy description, analysis and evaluation of the systems, to obtain a better plan of Web service compositions.
1.改进了一种着色Petri网的模型检测方法。在着色Petri网原有的基于CTL的局部模型检测算法基础上,给出了获取模型检测证据/反例的算法,并在着色Petri网模型检测工具—CPN Tools中使用ML(Metal Language)语言实现这些算法。该方法不仅可以验证系统是否存在逻辑错误,还能告诉用户发生错误的原因,为组合Web服务的验证提供了技术上的保障。实验表明对着色Petri网的模型检测工具的扩展是正确、有效的。
2.提出一种基于层次着色Petri网的组合Web服务验证方法。分别针对编制/编排方式构造的组合Web服务进行建模、仿真以及验证。首先,给出BPEL规范和WSCI规范到层次着色Petri网的映射规则以及建模方法。然后使用着色Petri网的模型检测技术分析、验证具体的组合Web服务,发现其中潜在的逻辑错误。实验表明使用层次着色Petri网对Web服务组合验证的方法是切实、可靠、有效的。
3.提出了一种新的基于代数的模糊Petri网逆向推理算法。该算法充分利用了Petri网的数学理论基础和描述并发系统的能力,其数据结构简单,便于计算机编程处理。此外,采用逆向推理策略将系统转化为一个只与问题有关的简单的系统,减小空间复杂度。实践证明该方法是可行的。为评估动态组合Web服务的语义匹配度提供技术上的支持。
4.提出了一种基于Petri网模型的自动Web服务组合方法。根据用户需求使用Petri网描述原子服务之间的数据依赖关系;从中选择出各种可能的组合方案;利用模糊Petri网和随机Petri网分别评价组合服务的语义匹配程度和系统性能,从而在保证组合成功率的基础上选择出最佳组合方案;并给出算法将Petri网模型描述的最佳组合方案转换为可执行的BPEL抽象流程模板。与已有方法相比较,该方法充分利用Petri网善于描述分析评估系统的优点,方便的获取最佳组合Web服务方案。
As the corner stone technology of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), Web service has widely been adopted in academic and industry communities. The popularity of Web service technology also turned the Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) design theory into a practical system architecture paradigm. With Web services, new functions can be easily built by composing existing Web services. Currently, automatic Web services composition and verification are key challenges in the Web services research. In this paper, we investigate the two aspects based on Petri-net theories.
1. An extended model checking method based on colored Petri nets is proposed. Based on local model checking algorithm of CTL (Computational Tree Logic) in colored Petri nets, an algorithm for searching witness or counterexample of the model checking result is investigated. The algorithm is implemented using ML (Metal Language) language, and fluently integrated in the colored Petri net model checking tool named CPN-tools. Then, the extended CPN model checking tool can be used in the verification of Web services composition. The method can not only check the logical errors in some systems, but also tell users the reasons for the errors. This extension provides the technical guarantees for the Web services composition validation based on the colored Petri nets. Our experiments demonstrate that the extension is correct and effective.
2. This paper proposes a colored Petri net based approach for the modeling, simulation and verification of the Web service compositions based on orchestrations or choreographies. First, the mapping rules from BPEL and WSCI to colored Petri nets are introduced; then CTL based colored Petri nets model checking approach is applied to verify Web service compositions for error detection. Our experiments demonstrate the Web service verification based on colored Petri nets is more practical, reliable and effective.
3. This paper proposes a new backward reasoning algorithm based on algebra. The algorithm fully takes advantage of mathematics foundation of Petri nets, is of parallel computing capability and simpler data structure. The method is much easier for implementation. In addition, based on the backward reasoning method, a complex system can be transformed into a simpler system closely related to the current problems. Thus, the space complexity of the algorithm can be reduced. The feasibility was testified through practice. This algorithm provides the technical support for evaluating the semantic matchmaking degree of dynamic Web services composition.
4. An automatic Web services composition based on Petri nets is presented. With this method, we first obtain a Petri net model that represents the data dependent relationship between the service composition according to consumers' demands and the current available services. Then, plans of the service composition are obtained. Further, Fuzzy Petri net (FPN) is utilized to evaluate the semantic matching degree of each kind of combination plan, and the generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) is employed to analyze the performance of the plan with better semantic matching degree. Then, a better performance composition plans can be obtained on the basis of guaranteeing high success ratio of composition. Finally, one can pick out the better plan and transform it into an operational code framework in BPEL. Compared with other approaches available, our method takes full advantages of Petri nets, such as easy description, analysis and evaluation of the systems, to obtain a better plan of Web service compositions.
引文
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