鄂尔多斯盆地西南部晚三叠世长6期沉积体系与油藏富集规律研究
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地是我国东部中生代能源矿产最丰富、保存最完整的一个大型内陆含油气盆地。盆地内三叠系延长组不仅是我国陆相三叠系地层中研究最早、发育齐全的层型剖面,也是我国最早获得陆上油气发现的地层,因而多年来一直属于主要的油气勘探目的层。其中,长6油层组以有大规模岩性油藏分布并作为重点勘探对象已获得巨大效益。论文通过大量的野外和室内的研究工作,对盆地西南部长6期的物源、沉积体系及发育模式、事件沉积、层序地层、层序-岩相古地理与砂体展布、储层特征及油藏富集规律等方面进行了系统的分析研究。
从颗粒特征、重矿物、岩屑分布、稀土元素、地震特征等不同角度研究了盆地西南部长6时期物源状况。结果表明,物源区的构造背景为再旋回造山带,研究区存在南部、西部及西南部三大物源区,而东北部则为混源区。
以区内野外露头、钻井岩芯、测井数据及古生物标志等资料为基础,进行了沉积相与沉积体系综合分析。湖泊、三角洲、浊流是鄂尔多斯西南部西峰油田长6时期的主要沉积类型,而浊积岩沉积广泛发育。区内属于“深水-陡坡型辫状河三角洲前缘-浊流沉积”。主要储集体为三角洲前缘砂体和半深湖的浊积岩砂体。
首次在研究区提出并研究了延长组事件沉积特征,认为长6时期主要的事件沉积有浊流事件、火山事件、缺氧事件和地震事件等,这些事件与长7-长6的储层、烃源岩等密切相关。就鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世而言,该类事件沉积为区域性和地方性事件沉积,并与气候等因素共同作用对延长组油藏的形成作出了巨大贡献。
盆地浊积岩具有典型的浊流沉积特征,为低Eh值的还原环境产物。浊积岩成因研究表明,研究区内浊积岩为低密度流的湖相浊积岩,为盆地西南部辫状河三角洲前缘垮塌成因,并且具有“多源性”。鉴于上述分析,建立了该地区浊积岩形成发育模式。
运用基准面旋回原理,将整个延长组划分4个长期旋回,长6油层组进一步划分出了3个中期旋回和6个中短期旋回,并研究了其层序发育特征、层序界面、不同级次旋回的类型和成因特征。同时,分析了不同层序结构和叠加样式,并总结出了短期基准面旋回的分布模式。以中期基准面旋回为单元,编制了研究区长6油层组的层序-岩相古地理图,并建立相应的沉积模式。
通过延长组高阻泥岩及有效烃源岩分布特征,结合沉积相、古地理格局及地震相分析,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地长6沉积前的盆地底部形态。认为该时期盆地底形具有“南陡北缓、西陡东缓”的特点,这种特点造成了盆地东北部主要属于缓坡型湖泊三角洲体系,而在盆地南部、西南部则属于陡坡型扇三角洲及三角洲前缘末端的浊积扇沉积。
储集砂体的成因类型为三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体、叠置水下分流河道砂体、河口砂坝砂体、水下分流河道与河口砂坝组合砂体以及浊积岩砂体,并以水下分流河道与河口坝砂体组合及浊积岩砂体为主要。长6含油层位以长63为主,其次为长62油层段,砂体在长63最为发育,其次是长62油层段,储集砂体的展布受控于沉积相带的展布。
储层特征表明,砂岩组分的成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等偏好,为细砂岩粒级。砂岩主要类型为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩。储层孔隙类型以残余粒间孔、长石溶孔为主,而微裂缝极少。孔隙度与渗透率具有较好的相关性,渗透率的变化主要受孔隙发育程度的控制,显示出孔隙型储层的特征。
成藏因素及油藏分布规律研究表明,该地区具有较好的生烃条件和十分有利的储层沉积条件,岩性圈闭条件良好,岩性与古、今构造演化形成良好的匹配关系,排烃期流体势横向上形成的西峰地区低势区,是很有潜力的勘探地区。近年的油气勘探实践证明,储层物性好是高产的必要条件。
Ordos basin is one of the largest inland basin which has abundant energy and mineral source of Mesozoic in the east of china.And it was preserved completely.The Yanchang Formation of Triassic in the basin is not only researched early,but also the first obtain oil gas strata of the basin.For many years,it is the primary target of oil and gas exploration. The Interval 6 of Yanchang Formation which as important exploration object has extensive lithologic reservoirs,and achieves great benefit.Base on researching of a great deal of field and indoor work,analyzing the provenance, sedimentary systems, depositional model, event deposits, sequence stratigraphy, the sequence-based lithofacies paleogeography,sandbody distribution,characteristics of reservoirs and enrichment laws of oil reservoirs.
From the view of characteristics of particles, heavy mineral, distribution of cuttings, REE geochemistry, characteristics of seismic prospecting and so on,analyzed the sedimentary of the depositional period of interval 6 in southwestern Ordos Basin. The result shows that the geotectonic background of source area is recycled orogen. And there are three source areas in study area which are the south, the west and the south-west, however, the north-east is mixed source area.
Based on the information concluded from the field outcrop,well cores, logging data and palaeontologic marker,Comprehensively analyzing sedimentary facies and systems.There are lacustrine deposits,delta deposits and turbidites deposits in the depositional period of interval 6 of study area,but have extensive turbidites.The major reservoir is sand bodies of delta front and turbidite.There exist deepwater steep-slope braided delta front and turbidite deposits in study area.The mainly reservoirs are delta front sandbodies and Semi-deep lake turbidite sandbodies.
Proposed the concept of event deposits of Yanchang Formation in study area for the first time.There were turbidity currents,volcanic,anoxic and earthquake events in Yanchang Formation.All are related to reservoirs and source rocks of Chang7-Chang6.These kinds of depositional events were regional and local,combining with many factors such as climate which making essential contribution to the oil reservoir of Yanchang Formation.
The turbidites in Ordos Basin have the typical turbidity current characteristics,and they are the products of origin of reduction environment.The results of origin research of turbidites indicates that they are low-density flow in lacustrine facies and the collapse of braided river delta front in the south-west parts of the basin.The provenance analysis of turbidite indicates that the deposits of turbidite had mainly originated.With all this in mind,The developmental pattern of turbidites was set up.
Using the base-level cycle principle,consequently,four long-term sequence cycles was indentified in Yangchang Formation.And then,subdivided into three middle-term sequence cycles,six short-and middle-term sequence cycles in the Interval 6 of Yanchang Formation.Furthermore,studying the developing characteristic and boundary of sequence,the types and genesis of different levels of sequence cycles.In the meantime,it went to analyze different kinds of sequence architectures and stacking patterns,and summarizing the distribution pattern of short-term sequence cycles.It was taking middle-term sequence cycles as units,drawing the maps of sequenee-based lithofacies paleogeography of Chang 6 oil member in study area,and building the sedimentary models.
Based on the research of the distribution feature of high resistance mudstone and effective hydrocarbon source rocks,combine with sedimentary facies,lithofacies palaeogeography framework and seismic profile of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation,discussing the bottom shape of the lake basin in Ordos.The results show that the basin is wider in the north and steeper in the south,steeper in the west and wider in the east of Ordos Basin.And at the same time,the northeast delta belongs to a gentle-slope lake delta system,but the south and southwest delta mainly belong to a steep-slope fan-delta and there exists turbidite fan sediment on the end of the delta front.
On the basis of genetic type of the reservoir sandstones,there have five sand bodies types,such as the subaqueous distributary channel sandstones,the superposition of subaqueous distributary channel sandstones,the channel-mouth bar sandstones,the components of subaqueous distributary channel sandstones with channel-mouth bar sandstones,turbidite sandstones.The major reservoir sandstones are the components of subaqueous distributary channel sandstones with channel-mouth bar sandstones and turbidite sandstones.The major oil-Bearing formation is Chang 6-3 oil member,but the secondary is Chang 6-2 oil member;In the same way,the major reservoir developed in Chang 6-3 oil member,but the secondary developed in Chang 6-2 oil member.The distribution of sandstone is controlled of distribution of sedimentary facies.
The characteristics of reservoir of Chang 6 oil member in study area show the low maturity of sandstone components and textural maturity of clastic component.The reservoir are fine sandstones.The principal types are arkosic sandstone,lithic arkosic sandstone,arkosic lithic sandstone,but the minority are lithic sandstone and feldspathic quartz sandstone.The major types of porosity are original inter-granular pore and feldspar-dissolved pore;the secondary are remainder intergranular pore,intracrystalline pore,cuttings dissolved pore,carbonate dissolved pore and filling ingredient dissolution pore;but microcrack is seldom.Porosity has good correlation with permeability.The good porosity and permeability wells are distributed in the middle of the study area.The degree of agreement between porosity and sandbody distribution is better than permeability,and diversification of permeability is controlled by porosity.It shows the characteristic of pore reservoir.
The research of factors and distribution of Oil Reservoirs,shows that there have five factors controlling the hydrocarbon accumulation of study area.This area have good condition of hydrocarbon generating and reservoirs,and have good lithologic trap condition which is relevant to paleostructure and neotectonics.The fluid potential have developed the low-potential areas which is located in XiFeng area by transverse movement at the time of expulsion.This low-potential areas is pointing of oil-gas migration.It has been found that the good reservoir is necessary condition of high production.
从颗粒特征、重矿物、岩屑分布、稀土元素、地震特征等不同角度研究了盆地西南部长6时期物源状况。结果表明,物源区的构造背景为再旋回造山带,研究区存在南部、西部及西南部三大物源区,而东北部则为混源区。
以区内野外露头、钻井岩芯、测井数据及古生物标志等资料为基础,进行了沉积相与沉积体系综合分析。湖泊、三角洲、浊流是鄂尔多斯西南部西峰油田长6时期的主要沉积类型,而浊积岩沉积广泛发育。区内属于“深水-陡坡型辫状河三角洲前缘-浊流沉积”。主要储集体为三角洲前缘砂体和半深湖的浊积岩砂体。
首次在研究区提出并研究了延长组事件沉积特征,认为长6时期主要的事件沉积有浊流事件、火山事件、缺氧事件和地震事件等,这些事件与长7-长6的储层、烃源岩等密切相关。就鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世而言,该类事件沉积为区域性和地方性事件沉积,并与气候等因素共同作用对延长组油藏的形成作出了巨大贡献。
盆地浊积岩具有典型的浊流沉积特征,为低Eh值的还原环境产物。浊积岩成因研究表明,研究区内浊积岩为低密度流的湖相浊积岩,为盆地西南部辫状河三角洲前缘垮塌成因,并且具有“多源性”。鉴于上述分析,建立了该地区浊积岩形成发育模式。
运用基准面旋回原理,将整个延长组划分4个长期旋回,长6油层组进一步划分出了3个中期旋回和6个中短期旋回,并研究了其层序发育特征、层序界面、不同级次旋回的类型和成因特征。同时,分析了不同层序结构和叠加样式,并总结出了短期基准面旋回的分布模式。以中期基准面旋回为单元,编制了研究区长6油层组的层序-岩相古地理图,并建立相应的沉积模式。
通过延长组高阻泥岩及有效烃源岩分布特征,结合沉积相、古地理格局及地震相分析,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地长6沉积前的盆地底部形态。认为该时期盆地底形具有“南陡北缓、西陡东缓”的特点,这种特点造成了盆地东北部主要属于缓坡型湖泊三角洲体系,而在盆地南部、西南部则属于陡坡型扇三角洲及三角洲前缘末端的浊积扇沉积。
储集砂体的成因类型为三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体、叠置水下分流河道砂体、河口砂坝砂体、水下分流河道与河口砂坝组合砂体以及浊积岩砂体,并以水下分流河道与河口坝砂体组合及浊积岩砂体为主要。长6含油层位以长63为主,其次为长62油层段,砂体在长63最为发育,其次是长62油层段,储集砂体的展布受控于沉积相带的展布。
储层特征表明,砂岩组分的成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等偏好,为细砂岩粒级。砂岩主要类型为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩。储层孔隙类型以残余粒间孔、长石溶孔为主,而微裂缝极少。孔隙度与渗透率具有较好的相关性,渗透率的变化主要受孔隙发育程度的控制,显示出孔隙型储层的特征。
成藏因素及油藏分布规律研究表明,该地区具有较好的生烃条件和十分有利的储层沉积条件,岩性圈闭条件良好,岩性与古、今构造演化形成良好的匹配关系,排烃期流体势横向上形成的西峰地区低势区,是很有潜力的勘探地区。近年的油气勘探实践证明,储层物性好是高产的必要条件。
Ordos basin is one of the largest inland basin which has abundant energy and mineral source of Mesozoic in the east of china.And it was preserved completely.The Yanchang Formation of Triassic in the basin is not only researched early,but also the first obtain oil gas strata of the basin.For many years,it is the primary target of oil and gas exploration. The Interval 6 of Yanchang Formation which as important exploration object has extensive lithologic reservoirs,and achieves great benefit.Base on researching of a great deal of field and indoor work,analyzing the provenance, sedimentary systems, depositional model, event deposits, sequence stratigraphy, the sequence-based lithofacies paleogeography,sandbody distribution,characteristics of reservoirs and enrichment laws of oil reservoirs.
From the view of characteristics of particles, heavy mineral, distribution of cuttings, REE geochemistry, characteristics of seismic prospecting and so on,analyzed the sedimentary of the depositional period of interval 6 in southwestern Ordos Basin. The result shows that the geotectonic background of source area is recycled orogen. And there are three source areas in study area which are the south, the west and the south-west, however, the north-east is mixed source area.
Based on the information concluded from the field outcrop,well cores, logging data and palaeontologic marker,Comprehensively analyzing sedimentary facies and systems.There are lacustrine deposits,delta deposits and turbidites deposits in the depositional period of interval 6 of study area,but have extensive turbidites.The major reservoir is sand bodies of delta front and turbidite.There exist deepwater steep-slope braided delta front and turbidite deposits in study area.The mainly reservoirs are delta front sandbodies and Semi-deep lake turbidite sandbodies.
Proposed the concept of event deposits of Yanchang Formation in study area for the first time.There were turbidity currents,volcanic,anoxic and earthquake events in Yanchang Formation.All are related to reservoirs and source rocks of Chang7-Chang6.These kinds of depositional events were regional and local,combining with many factors such as climate which making essential contribution to the oil reservoir of Yanchang Formation.
The turbidites in Ordos Basin have the typical turbidity current characteristics,and they are the products of origin of reduction environment.The results of origin research of turbidites indicates that they are low-density flow in lacustrine facies and the collapse of braided river delta front in the south-west parts of the basin.The provenance analysis of turbidite indicates that the deposits of turbidite had mainly originated.With all this in mind,The developmental pattern of turbidites was set up.
Using the base-level cycle principle,consequently,four long-term sequence cycles was indentified in Yangchang Formation.And then,subdivided into three middle-term sequence cycles,six short-and middle-term sequence cycles in the Interval 6 of Yanchang Formation.Furthermore,studying the developing characteristic and boundary of sequence,the types and genesis of different levels of sequence cycles.In the meantime,it went to analyze different kinds of sequence architectures and stacking patterns,and summarizing the distribution pattern of short-term sequence cycles.It was taking middle-term sequence cycles as units,drawing the maps of sequenee-based lithofacies paleogeography of Chang 6 oil member in study area,and building the sedimentary models.
Based on the research of the distribution feature of high resistance mudstone and effective hydrocarbon source rocks,combine with sedimentary facies,lithofacies palaeogeography framework and seismic profile of Member 7 of Yanchang Formation,discussing the bottom shape of the lake basin in Ordos.The results show that the basin is wider in the north and steeper in the south,steeper in the west and wider in the east of Ordos Basin.And at the same time,the northeast delta belongs to a gentle-slope lake delta system,but the south and southwest delta mainly belong to a steep-slope fan-delta and there exists turbidite fan sediment on the end of the delta front.
On the basis of genetic type of the reservoir sandstones,there have five sand bodies types,such as the subaqueous distributary channel sandstones,the superposition of subaqueous distributary channel sandstones,the channel-mouth bar sandstones,the components of subaqueous distributary channel sandstones with channel-mouth bar sandstones,turbidite sandstones.The major reservoir sandstones are the components of subaqueous distributary channel sandstones with channel-mouth bar sandstones and turbidite sandstones.The major oil-Bearing formation is Chang 6-3 oil member,but the secondary is Chang 6-2 oil member;In the same way,the major reservoir developed in Chang 6-3 oil member,but the secondary developed in Chang 6-2 oil member.The distribution of sandstone is controlled of distribution of sedimentary facies.
The characteristics of reservoir of Chang 6 oil member in study area show the low maturity of sandstone components and textural maturity of clastic component.The reservoir are fine sandstones.The principal types are arkosic sandstone,lithic arkosic sandstone,arkosic lithic sandstone,but the minority are lithic sandstone and feldspathic quartz sandstone.The major types of porosity are original inter-granular pore and feldspar-dissolved pore;the secondary are remainder intergranular pore,intracrystalline pore,cuttings dissolved pore,carbonate dissolved pore and filling ingredient dissolution pore;but microcrack is seldom.Porosity has good correlation with permeability.The good porosity and permeability wells are distributed in the middle of the study area.The degree of agreement between porosity and sandbody distribution is better than permeability,and diversification of permeability is controlled by porosity.It shows the characteristic of pore reservoir.
The research of factors and distribution of Oil Reservoirs,shows that there have five factors controlling the hydrocarbon accumulation of study area.This area have good condition of hydrocarbon generating and reservoirs,and have good lithologic trap condition which is relevant to paleostructure and neotectonics.The fluid potential have developed the low-potential areas which is located in XiFeng area by transverse movement at the time of expulsion.This low-potential areas is pointing of oil-gas migration.It has been found that the good reservoir is necessary condition of high production.
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