茶农生产性投资行为研究
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摘要
本研究以福建茶产业为对象,从农业微观投入主体——茶农的角度出发,于2008年对福建安溪县153户茶农的茶叶生产加工投入产出进行了调查。在此基础上,通过建立计量经济模型的方法,分析影响茶农进行茶叶生产加工投资的因素以及这些因素的作用方向,应用随机前沿生产函数模型测算茶农投资的技术效率及其影响因素,并对茶农的进一步投资茶产业的意愿进行了实证分析,主要研究结论如下:
1.通过对安溪153户茶农生产性投资影响因素的定量分析发现,茶农家庭劳动力、茶园面积、茶农家庭总收入、户主从事茶叶生产年限、茶叶收入占家庭收入的比重及区域差异是影响茶农茶叶生产性投资的主要因素,而风险对茶农茶叶生产性投资的影响并不显著。茶农家庭总收入是茶农茶叶生产性投资最主要的影响因素,上一年的收入状况很大程度上决定着下一年的投资水平。而且从绝对量上来看,收入与投资又是相互促进的,因此,当前增加茶农收入至关重要。
2.采用随机前沿生产函数模型对茶叶生产加工经济效率进行了估计,结果表明茶农茶叶生产存在一定的技术效率损失。调查样本的技术效率从最小值19.49%变化到最大值89.39%,平均技术效率为64.39%,标准方差16.53%。这表明如果能够消除技术无效率,保持现有的技术和投入水平,产出仍有35%左右的提高空间,因此提高生产的技术效率将可能显著地增加茶农的收入和利润(假定市场价格不变)。对技术效率的影响因素分析结果表明,茶农从事茶叶生产加工的时间、茶农从事茶叶生产加工的时间的平方项、茶农户主的受教育年限三个解释变量对于技术效率的影响不显著;而茶农户主年龄、茶农主栽品种、是否接受过培训、茶农茶叶收入占家庭总收入的比例、茶农家庭拥有的茶园面积、村庄所在地类型虚变量与技术效率呈现正相关的关系;茶农家庭拥有的茶园面积的平方项、地区差异则对技术效率产生负向影响。
3.对茶农未来发展茶叶生产加工的主观意愿及其可能的生产行为进行了进一步分析,研究表明,有71个样本约48.6%的茶农选择可能会增加在茶叶产业的投资,有55个农户约37.7%的茶农可能会维持原状基本不变,因此可能保持原有经营规模以上的茶农占86.4%。也有一些茶农由于各种各样的原因,表示将明显地减少茶叶生产加工规模,这部分茶农占13.7%。多元Logistic模型分析结果表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,经济因素是茶农及其家庭对进一步投资茶产业的动力,茶产业的整体收益率越高,将越能促进茶农投资福建茶产业的欲望。农户户主的年龄越大,表明茶农及其家庭对进一步投资茶产业的意愿将越小;家庭茶园面积越大或茶叶收入占家庭总收入比重越大,茶农及其家庭对进一步投资茶产业的意愿将越大。户主受教育年限、茶农家庭劳动力数、茶农所在村庄的位置以及政府作用对茶农进一步投资茶产业的行为影响不显著。
因此,为了提高茶农生产性投资的技术效率,保障茶农生产性投资收益,满足茶农进一步发展茶产业的经济效益和积极性,要引导和鼓励茶农进行专业化生产和适度规模经营;建立完善社会服务体系——尤其是茶叶生产加工技术推广以及茶农培训;加强茶叶生产加工的配套设施建设,培育茶叶区域品牌,提高茶农的茶叶生产收入。
Based on the analyse of Fujian tea industry from the perspective of tea farmer, a case study was conducted to investigate of 153 tea farmers’production and procession in anxi county, Fujian Province. Furthermore, an econometric model was established to analyze the influencing factors and their effect direction of tea farmers’production and procession. The Stochastic frontier production fuction was used to carculate the techonlogy efficiency of tea farmers’investments and their influencing factors. In addtion, the further investment willingness in tea industries. The main conclusions were as the following:
1. the quantitative analysis of productinve investiment from 153 tea farmers in An Xi county delivered that tea farmer’s family labour force, tea garden area , family general income of tea farmer ,time of a household being engaged in tea production, the ratios of tea invisible income to family and area difference were the mian influencing factor of tea farmers’productive investment. Howerve, the risk influce on productive investment was not significant. The gerneal fanily income was the most important influencing factors for productive investment of tea farmers, the last year’s income conditions deciding the next year’s investment level. In additions, income and investment interact with each other in absolute amounts. As such, increasing the tea farmers’income are all-important at present.
2. The Stochastic frontier production fuction was used to estimate the economic efficiency for tea production and procession. The results showed that there was technology loss for tea production and processing in southern Fujian tea production area. The technical efficiency for sample were from the minimum of 19.49% to the maximum of 89.39%, the average technical efficiency was 64.39% with 16.53% of standard deviation. This showed that if the technology can eliminate inefficiencies and maintain the existing technology and input level, output will still have about 35 percent of improve Spaces. Therefore improving the technical efficiency of production may significantly will increase farmers income and profits assuming constant market prices. factor of technical efficiency analysis results showed that farmers engaged in tea production and processing time, farmers engaged in tea production and processing time of the square, the tea farmers head of the household number of years of education of three explanatory variables for the impact of technical efficiency was not significant;
The household head’s age of tea farmers, tea Varieties, whether trained, tea earing percent in household income, tea plantations area, virtual variables of villages location type had positive relationship with the technical efficiency. the square of the Tea Garden area owned by Farmers, the regional differences have negative effects on technical efficiency.
3. the subjective wishes of the tea farmers for future development of tea production and processing and the possible producion behavior were further analyzed. The result showed that 71 samples(about 48.6 percent of total farmers) in the selection may increase the investment in tea industry, 55 farmers (about 37.7 percent of the farmers) could maintain the status quo and remain basically unchanged. Therefore 86.4% of the tea farmers were likely to remain the original operating scale. because of various reasons, There are some farmers will significantly reduce the scale of tea production and processing, which accounted for some 13.7% farmers.
Multiple Logistic model analysis showed that if other conditions remain unchanged, economic factors are the main promotion force for farmers to further invest in tea industry, the higher the overall yield, the higher willess will showed for Taiwanese tea farmers to invest in tea industry, The older the household head, the less wished to further invest in tea production; the more tea graden area or the more tea incomes percent, the more willness for tea farmers to further invest in tea production. The household head’s age, tea family lobor, tea villige location and goeverment had less effects on farmers’s behaviors for production investment in olong tea.
So, in order to increase productive investment farmers technical efficiency,further promote tea industry, Protect farmers productive investment necessary for economic efficiency and enthusiasm, it is necessary to guide and encourage farmers to carry out specialized production and the appropriate scale of operation; establish a perfect system of social services, in particular the promotion of tea production and processing technologies and farmers training; enhance the matching tea production and processing facilities, foster regional brands of tea, the tea production to increase income of farmers.
1.通过对安溪153户茶农生产性投资影响因素的定量分析发现,茶农家庭劳动力、茶园面积、茶农家庭总收入、户主从事茶叶生产年限、茶叶收入占家庭收入的比重及区域差异是影响茶农茶叶生产性投资的主要因素,而风险对茶农茶叶生产性投资的影响并不显著。茶农家庭总收入是茶农茶叶生产性投资最主要的影响因素,上一年的收入状况很大程度上决定着下一年的投资水平。而且从绝对量上来看,收入与投资又是相互促进的,因此,当前增加茶农收入至关重要。
2.采用随机前沿生产函数模型对茶叶生产加工经济效率进行了估计,结果表明茶农茶叶生产存在一定的技术效率损失。调查样本的技术效率从最小值19.49%变化到最大值89.39%,平均技术效率为64.39%,标准方差16.53%。这表明如果能够消除技术无效率,保持现有的技术和投入水平,产出仍有35%左右的提高空间,因此提高生产的技术效率将可能显著地增加茶农的收入和利润(假定市场价格不变)。对技术效率的影响因素分析结果表明,茶农从事茶叶生产加工的时间、茶农从事茶叶生产加工的时间的平方项、茶农户主的受教育年限三个解释变量对于技术效率的影响不显著;而茶农户主年龄、茶农主栽品种、是否接受过培训、茶农茶叶收入占家庭总收入的比例、茶农家庭拥有的茶园面积、村庄所在地类型虚变量与技术效率呈现正相关的关系;茶农家庭拥有的茶园面积的平方项、地区差异则对技术效率产生负向影响。
3.对茶农未来发展茶叶生产加工的主观意愿及其可能的生产行为进行了进一步分析,研究表明,有71个样本约48.6%的茶农选择可能会增加在茶叶产业的投资,有55个农户约37.7%的茶农可能会维持原状基本不变,因此可能保持原有经营规模以上的茶农占86.4%。也有一些茶农由于各种各样的原因,表示将明显地减少茶叶生产加工规模,这部分茶农占13.7%。多元Logistic模型分析结果表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,经济因素是茶农及其家庭对进一步投资茶产业的动力,茶产业的整体收益率越高,将越能促进茶农投资福建茶产业的欲望。农户户主的年龄越大,表明茶农及其家庭对进一步投资茶产业的意愿将越小;家庭茶园面积越大或茶叶收入占家庭总收入比重越大,茶农及其家庭对进一步投资茶产业的意愿将越大。户主受教育年限、茶农家庭劳动力数、茶农所在村庄的位置以及政府作用对茶农进一步投资茶产业的行为影响不显著。
因此,为了提高茶农生产性投资的技术效率,保障茶农生产性投资收益,满足茶农进一步发展茶产业的经济效益和积极性,要引导和鼓励茶农进行专业化生产和适度规模经营;建立完善社会服务体系——尤其是茶叶生产加工技术推广以及茶农培训;加强茶叶生产加工的配套设施建设,培育茶叶区域品牌,提高茶农的茶叶生产收入。
Based on the analyse of Fujian tea industry from the perspective of tea farmer, a case study was conducted to investigate of 153 tea farmers’production and procession in anxi county, Fujian Province. Furthermore, an econometric model was established to analyze the influencing factors and their effect direction of tea farmers’production and procession. The Stochastic frontier production fuction was used to carculate the techonlogy efficiency of tea farmers’investments and their influencing factors. In addtion, the further investment willingness in tea industries. The main conclusions were as the following:
1. the quantitative analysis of productinve investiment from 153 tea farmers in An Xi county delivered that tea farmer’s family labour force, tea garden area , family general income of tea farmer ,time of a household being engaged in tea production, the ratios of tea invisible income to family and area difference were the mian influencing factor of tea farmers’productive investment. Howerve, the risk influce on productive investment was not significant. The gerneal fanily income was the most important influencing factors for productive investment of tea farmers, the last year’s income conditions deciding the next year’s investment level. In additions, income and investment interact with each other in absolute amounts. As such, increasing the tea farmers’income are all-important at present.
2. The Stochastic frontier production fuction was used to estimate the economic efficiency for tea production and procession. The results showed that there was technology loss for tea production and processing in southern Fujian tea production area. The technical efficiency for sample were from the minimum of 19.49% to the maximum of 89.39%, the average technical efficiency was 64.39% with 16.53% of standard deviation. This showed that if the technology can eliminate inefficiencies and maintain the existing technology and input level, output will still have about 35 percent of improve Spaces. Therefore improving the technical efficiency of production may significantly will increase farmers income and profits assuming constant market prices. factor of technical efficiency analysis results showed that farmers engaged in tea production and processing time, farmers engaged in tea production and processing time of the square, the tea farmers head of the household number of years of education of three explanatory variables for the impact of technical efficiency was not significant;
The household head’s age of tea farmers, tea Varieties, whether trained, tea earing percent in household income, tea plantations area, virtual variables of villages location type had positive relationship with the technical efficiency. the square of the Tea Garden area owned by Farmers, the regional differences have negative effects on technical efficiency.
3. the subjective wishes of the tea farmers for future development of tea production and processing and the possible producion behavior were further analyzed. The result showed that 71 samples(about 48.6 percent of total farmers) in the selection may increase the investment in tea industry, 55 farmers (about 37.7 percent of the farmers) could maintain the status quo and remain basically unchanged. Therefore 86.4% of the tea farmers were likely to remain the original operating scale. because of various reasons, There are some farmers will significantly reduce the scale of tea production and processing, which accounted for some 13.7% farmers.
Multiple Logistic model analysis showed that if other conditions remain unchanged, economic factors are the main promotion force for farmers to further invest in tea industry, the higher the overall yield, the higher willess will showed for Taiwanese tea farmers to invest in tea industry, The older the household head, the less wished to further invest in tea production; the more tea graden area or the more tea incomes percent, the more willness for tea farmers to further invest in tea production. The household head’s age, tea family lobor, tea villige location and goeverment had less effects on farmers’s behaviors for production investment in olong tea.
So, in order to increase productive investment farmers technical efficiency,further promote tea industry, Protect farmers productive investment necessary for economic efficiency and enthusiasm, it is necessary to guide and encourage farmers to carry out specialized production and the appropriate scale of operation; establish a perfect system of social services, in particular the promotion of tea production and processing technologies and farmers training; enhance the matching tea production and processing facilities, foster regional brands of tea, the tea production to increase income of farmers.
引文
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