吕宋岛西北海域气旋式涡旋的结构及其形成机制
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摘要
吕宋岛西北海域受到局地风应力和黑潮的共同作用,使其成为南海海洋涡旋的多发地带,也是南海两大季节性气旋式涡旋之一的吕宋冷涡形成区。了解吕宋岛西北海域的海洋涡旋结构,揭示该海域海洋涡旋的生成机制不仅是对南海海洋环流理论的重要补充,也是对边缘海与大洋相互作用研究的重要贡献。
本文首先利用气候态的温盐资料及卫星高度计资料等,分析了吕宋岛西北海域海洋要素场的气候态特征及其季节变化情况;然后利用TOPEX/Poseidon卫星高度计资料并结合IPRC提供的平均海平面高度资料,对吕宋岛西北海域气旋式涡旋的形态结构进行了研究,并借助Okubo-Weiss函数分析了该海域的流场特性,进一步证实了吕宋岛西北海域气旋式涡旋的组成。本文还利用相关分析、功率谱分析等,研究了局地风应力和黑潮与吕宋西北海域气旋式涡旋的关系。最后利用数值试验成功地模拟了黑潮在吕宋岛西北海域诱生的气旋式涡旋。由于本文使用了高时空分辨率的资料和较高水平分辨率的数值模式,对前人有关吕宋冷涡研究中存在的争议给出了合理的解释,取得以下主要创新性成果:
1)研究指出冬季传统意义下的吕宋冷涡实际上是由两个气旋式涡旋所组成的。一个气旋式涡旋位于吕宋岛的西侧(LCE1),另一个气旋式涡旋位于吕宋岛的西北侧(LCE2)。LCE1的水平尺度约为LCE2水平尺度的两倍,但LCE2的强度要稍强于LCE1。
2)研究发现位于吕宋岛西侧的气旋式涡旋(LCE1)只存在于冬季,而位于吕宋岛西北侧的气旋式涡旋(LCE2)则是全年存在。在冬季,两个气旋式涡旋有时会交融在一起,但是大部分时间(约占总样本的3/4),两个涡旋都有各自的中心。
3)利用Okubo-Weiss函数对吕宋岛西北海域的流场特性进行了分析。分析结果表明,LCE1区和LCE2区的流场均主要以气旋式旋涡形式存在,从而用Okubo-Weiss函数证明了两个气旋式涡旋的存在性。但是相比较而言,LCE2的旋涡特性要强于LCE1。
4)对观测资料的分析指出LCE2的主变化周期约为60天,而吕宋海峡处的黑潮流量除了有60-70天的季节内振荡外,还有周期为100天的振荡;LCE2主要水体构成为南海水,因此可以推断它是由黑潮所诱生的南海局地的气旋式涡旋。
5.研究发现吕宋岛西北海域的两个气旋式涡旋的生成机制不同:位于吕宋西部的冬季气旋式涡旋(LCE1)的形成与吕宋岛西北角的正的风应力旋度有关,而位于吕宋岛西北侧的气旋式涡旋(LCE2)则由黑潮所诱生。HYCOM模式的数值试验也证明,当数值试验中没有南海局地风强迫作用时,黑潮会在吕宋岛的西北侧诱生出一个气旋式的涡旋,该气旋式涡旋的强度会随着黑潮强度的增强(减弱)而增强(减弱)。数值试验表明,当黑潮的强度增强(减弱)原来的1/4时,相应的气旋涡的强度会变为原来的2倍(1/2倍)。
总之,本论文首次指出前人所描述的冬季吕宋冷涡实际上是由两个形成机制不同的气旋式涡旋组成,一个是由冬季风绕过吕宋岛后的正的风应力旋度驱动,另一个是黑潮进入吕宋海峡后所诱生,前者对冬季吕宋冷涡的贡献是2/3,后者的贡献是1/3。
Both the local wind and the Kuroshio have great impacts on the circulation in the region to the northwest of Luzon Islands, as a result, the eddies in the region is active. Luzon Cold Eddy which is one of the two seasonal cyclonic eddies in the South China Sea also originates there. Understanding the structures and the mechanisms of the eddies to the northwest of Luzon Islands is meaningful. It is not only make a supplement to theories of the circulation in the South China Sea, but also contribute a lots to the study of the interaction between oceans and marginal seas.
Based on the climatological temperature and salt data combined with the Satellite Altimeter data, The climatological characteristics of the main oceanic elements and the seasonal variance to the northwest of the Luzon Islands are discussed firstly. Taking advantage of the TOPEX/Poseidon data along with the mean sea level data supplied by the IPRC, the configuration and the structures of the cyclonic eddies are studied. Then we analyzed the characteristics of the flow field using the Okubo-Weiss function to confirm the structure of the cyclonic eddies. In addition, we discussed the relationship between the cyclonic eddies and the local wind stress as well as the Kuroshio based on correlation and power spectrum analysis. At last, we successfully simulated the cyclonic eddy to the northwest of Luzon Islands using HYCOM numerical experiments. Both the data and the model are all in high resolution, so we succeed in giving out a reasonable explanation to the existing controversy on the mechanism of Luzon cold eddy. The main conclusions are as follows:
1) The Luzon Cold Eddy actually consists of two cyclonic eddies in winter. One (LCE1) is located to the west of the Luzon Islands and the other (LCE2) is to the northwest. The horizontal scale of LCE1 is about two times as large as LCE2, while the intensity of the LCE2 is a little greater.
2) The cyclonic eddy to the west of Luzon Islands exists only during winter time, while the eddy northwest of Luzon Islands exists all year round. The two cyclonic eddies act as a big cyclonic eddy occasionally, However, they have their own centers most of the time (account for about 3/4 of the total samples).
3) The characteristic of the flow field to the northwest of Luzon Islands are analyzed using Okubo-Weiss function. The results suggest that the flows in both the LCE1 region and LCE2 region are vorticity-dominated. However, the characteristic of vorticity-dominating is more obvious in region LCE1 than in region LCE2.
4) The main period of variance for LCE2 is about 60 days, while the transport of the Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait not only has a intraseasonal oscillation of 60-70 days, but only has a oscillation of 100 days. The LCE2 are mainly composed of water from South China Sea, so we conclude that the LCE2 is a local cyclonic eddy in South China Sea induced by the Kuroshio.
5) The studies also show that the mechanisms of the two cyclonic eddies to the northwest of Luzon Islands are different. The cyclonic eddy to the west of Luzon Islands (LCE1) is related to the positive wind stress curl to the northwest of the Luzon land in winter, while LCE2 is induced by the Kuroshio which is checked in HYCOM experiment. The cyclonic eddy occurs even though the wind on the South China Sea is set to zero in the numerical experiments. The intensity of the eddy become strong(weak) when we strenThe intensity of eddy will become doubled (half) as we strengthen (weaken) the Kuroshio by one fourth.
To sum up, we propose that the Luzon Cold Eddy in winter is composed of two cyclonic eddies with different mechanisms for the first time. One of the cyclonic eddies are forced by the local winter wind stress curl to the west of the Luzon Islands, while the other is induced by the Kuroshio. The contribution of the former is 2/3, while the latter accounts for 1/3 to the Luzon Cold Eddy.
本文首先利用气候态的温盐资料及卫星高度计资料等,分析了吕宋岛西北海域海洋要素场的气候态特征及其季节变化情况;然后利用TOPEX/Poseidon卫星高度计资料并结合IPRC提供的平均海平面高度资料,对吕宋岛西北海域气旋式涡旋的形态结构进行了研究,并借助Okubo-Weiss函数分析了该海域的流场特性,进一步证实了吕宋岛西北海域气旋式涡旋的组成。本文还利用相关分析、功率谱分析等,研究了局地风应力和黑潮与吕宋西北海域气旋式涡旋的关系。最后利用数值试验成功地模拟了黑潮在吕宋岛西北海域诱生的气旋式涡旋。由于本文使用了高时空分辨率的资料和较高水平分辨率的数值模式,对前人有关吕宋冷涡研究中存在的争议给出了合理的解释,取得以下主要创新性成果:
1)研究指出冬季传统意义下的吕宋冷涡实际上是由两个气旋式涡旋所组成的。一个气旋式涡旋位于吕宋岛的西侧(LCE1),另一个气旋式涡旋位于吕宋岛的西北侧(LCE2)。LCE1的水平尺度约为LCE2水平尺度的两倍,但LCE2的强度要稍强于LCE1。
2)研究发现位于吕宋岛西侧的气旋式涡旋(LCE1)只存在于冬季,而位于吕宋岛西北侧的气旋式涡旋(LCE2)则是全年存在。在冬季,两个气旋式涡旋有时会交融在一起,但是大部分时间(约占总样本的3/4),两个涡旋都有各自的中心。
3)利用Okubo-Weiss函数对吕宋岛西北海域的流场特性进行了分析。分析结果表明,LCE1区和LCE2区的流场均主要以气旋式旋涡形式存在,从而用Okubo-Weiss函数证明了两个气旋式涡旋的存在性。但是相比较而言,LCE2的旋涡特性要强于LCE1。
4)对观测资料的分析指出LCE2的主变化周期约为60天,而吕宋海峡处的黑潮流量除了有60-70天的季节内振荡外,还有周期为100天的振荡;LCE2主要水体构成为南海水,因此可以推断它是由黑潮所诱生的南海局地的气旋式涡旋。
5.研究发现吕宋岛西北海域的两个气旋式涡旋的生成机制不同:位于吕宋西部的冬季气旋式涡旋(LCE1)的形成与吕宋岛西北角的正的风应力旋度有关,而位于吕宋岛西北侧的气旋式涡旋(LCE2)则由黑潮所诱生。HYCOM模式的数值试验也证明,当数值试验中没有南海局地风强迫作用时,黑潮会在吕宋岛的西北侧诱生出一个气旋式的涡旋,该气旋式涡旋的强度会随着黑潮强度的增强(减弱)而增强(减弱)。数值试验表明,当黑潮的强度增强(减弱)原来的1/4时,相应的气旋涡的强度会变为原来的2倍(1/2倍)。
总之,本论文首次指出前人所描述的冬季吕宋冷涡实际上是由两个形成机制不同的气旋式涡旋组成,一个是由冬季风绕过吕宋岛后的正的风应力旋度驱动,另一个是黑潮进入吕宋海峡后所诱生,前者对冬季吕宋冷涡的贡献是2/3,后者的贡献是1/3。
Both the local wind and the Kuroshio have great impacts on the circulation in the region to the northwest of Luzon Islands, as a result, the eddies in the region is active. Luzon Cold Eddy which is one of the two seasonal cyclonic eddies in the South China Sea also originates there. Understanding the structures and the mechanisms of the eddies to the northwest of Luzon Islands is meaningful. It is not only make a supplement to theories of the circulation in the South China Sea, but also contribute a lots to the study of the interaction between oceans and marginal seas.
Based on the climatological temperature and salt data combined with the Satellite Altimeter data, The climatological characteristics of the main oceanic elements and the seasonal variance to the northwest of the Luzon Islands are discussed firstly. Taking advantage of the TOPEX/Poseidon data along with the mean sea level data supplied by the IPRC, the configuration and the structures of the cyclonic eddies are studied. Then we analyzed the characteristics of the flow field using the Okubo-Weiss function to confirm the structure of the cyclonic eddies. In addition, we discussed the relationship between the cyclonic eddies and the local wind stress as well as the Kuroshio based on correlation and power spectrum analysis. At last, we successfully simulated the cyclonic eddy to the northwest of Luzon Islands using HYCOM numerical experiments. Both the data and the model are all in high resolution, so we succeed in giving out a reasonable explanation to the existing controversy on the mechanism of Luzon cold eddy. The main conclusions are as follows:
1) The Luzon Cold Eddy actually consists of two cyclonic eddies in winter. One (LCE1) is located to the west of the Luzon Islands and the other (LCE2) is to the northwest. The horizontal scale of LCE1 is about two times as large as LCE2, while the intensity of the LCE2 is a little greater.
2) The cyclonic eddy to the west of Luzon Islands exists only during winter time, while the eddy northwest of Luzon Islands exists all year round. The two cyclonic eddies act as a big cyclonic eddy occasionally, However, they have their own centers most of the time (account for about 3/4 of the total samples).
3) The characteristic of the flow field to the northwest of Luzon Islands are analyzed using Okubo-Weiss function. The results suggest that the flows in both the LCE1 region and LCE2 region are vorticity-dominated. However, the characteristic of vorticity-dominating is more obvious in region LCE1 than in region LCE2.
4) The main period of variance for LCE2 is about 60 days, while the transport of the Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait not only has a intraseasonal oscillation of 60-70 days, but only has a oscillation of 100 days. The LCE2 are mainly composed of water from South China Sea, so we conclude that the LCE2 is a local cyclonic eddy in South China Sea induced by the Kuroshio.
5) The studies also show that the mechanisms of the two cyclonic eddies to the northwest of Luzon Islands are different. The cyclonic eddy to the west of Luzon Islands (LCE1) is related to the positive wind stress curl to the northwest of the Luzon land in winter, while LCE2 is induced by the Kuroshio which is checked in HYCOM experiment. The cyclonic eddy occurs even though the wind on the South China Sea is set to zero in the numerical experiments. The intensity of the eddy become strong(weak) when we strenThe intensity of eddy will become doubled (half) as we strengthen (weaken) the Kuroshio by one fourth.
To sum up, we propose that the Luzon Cold Eddy in winter is composed of two cyclonic eddies with different mechanisms for the first time. One of the cyclonic eddies are forced by the local winter wind stress curl to the west of the Luzon Islands, while the other is induced by the Kuroshio. The contribution of the former is 2/3, while the latter accounts for 1/3 to the Luzon Cold Eddy.
引文
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