用户名: 密码: 验证码:
新疆西风区粉尘沉积研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
论文通过对新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘崇测冰帽获取的一根18.7m的冰芯和新疆北部伊犁地区、博乐地区、塔城地区获取的地层连续稳定、出露良好的7个黄土剖面的研究,从冰芯资料中获取了近90年的尘埃通量和冰芯物质积累量等资料;对黄土剖面进行了磁化率、碳酸盐、有机质以及色度等测试分析,对各代表性剖面(ZKT、LL2和BL)进行了粒度测试分析,并采集了测年样(所有剖面采集OSL样,ZKT剖面还采集了部分~(14)C样),完成了大部分测年工作。
     利用这些气候代用指标对短尺度冰芯中粉尘沉积和长尺度北疆黄土进行了研究,初步探讨了塔克拉玛干高空大气环境近百年的变化和北疆末次间冰期以来的环境变化,并对其机制问题进行了初步探讨。论文的主要结论如下:
     1整个上个世纪崇测冰芯中的尘埃含量总体趋于下降趋势,与低海拔气象站的对比发现,冰芯中尘埃记录与和田地区为代表的塔克拉玛干春季沙尘暴相一致,其周期关系都存在22a的周期,在年际周期尺度上相近,但冰芯中尘埃记录有11a周期,和田地区春季沙尘暴有5.5a的周期,它们间存在倍数关系,可能是大周期尺度是小周期尺度的叠加造成的,总体来说周期相一致。
     2对比冰芯记录和以和田为代表的塔克拉玛干荒漠周边不同海拔对全球气候的变暖趋势进行响应存在差异。其差异最为突出的表现是低海拔和田地区降水量与高海拔崇测冰芯中的物质积累量的变化趋势相反。塔克拉玛干荒漠周边高海拔地区崇测冰芯中尘埃记录与积累量同时减少。通过分析,发现两者存在主要尺度上存在很高的正相关,在机理上讲尘埃记录与积累量是有关系的,在崇测冰帽上的尘埃主要通过降水沉降到冰川上,尘埃在降水过程中充当凝结核,以湿沉积的方式沉降,所以尘埃记录与积累量相一致。
     3通过研究机制发现:塔克拉玛干荒漠周边低海拔降水增加,导致植被增加和土壤含水量增加,从这两方面阻碍了沙尘暴的发生;随着沙尘暴减少,加上空气湿度大和降水增多对空气的洗涤,使能上升到六七千米以上高空的尘埃更少;高空尘埃的减少造成高空凝结核的减少,进而造成云量的减少,降水的减少,从而导致冰川物质平衡下降;同时云量的减少导致太阳辐射增加,冰川表面气温增加也导致物质平衡下降。从上述分析来看,沙尘在气候变化的作用,在低海拔地区是被动的,受气候影响;在高海拔地区变为主动,成为引起气候变化的诱因。沙尘是内陆干旱区高海拔地区在对全球变化响应的关键因子。
     4利用北疆典型黄土剖面ZKT和LL2,重建了末次冰期以来北疆地区的环境演变,其中利用<2μm含量来代表降水变化,利用>63μm含量来代表尘暴变化特征,<10μm含量来代表西风环流强度;并结合碳酸钙、有机质含量及色度指标,发现末次间冰期以来北疆地区表现为寒冷的冰期和冰段偏湿,西风环流增强,控制区域位置偏南;温暖的间冰期和间冰段偏干,西风环流减弱,西风控制区域位置偏北。
     5新疆北部末次间冰期以来的古气候特点表明,与黄土高原、青藏高原和极地北大西洋地区相比,冷、暖变化是一致的,研究区的气候变化受全球变化的控制,但干湿变化表现了其区域特点,与黄土高原相反。
By using an 18.7m ice core retrieved form Middle West Kunlun Mountain inSouth Xinjiang, we reconstructed the dust flux and snow accumulation rate of near 90years of last century, and the dust deposition characteristic in the ice core is gotten.We also sampled 7 loess profiles in North Xinjiang; they are respectively ZKT, XYZ,XYZ+ and XY section in Yili region; BL section in Bole region; LL1 and LL2 inTacheng region. By using the loess samples, we reconstructed the environmentalchange of North Xinjiang since the last interglacial period.
     The ice core provides us an opportunity to comparative analysis the weatherstation of low altitude surrounding Taklimakan Desert represented by Hotan and theclimatic proxy of high altitude surrounding Taklimakan Desert represented byChongce Ice-core. Wavelet analysis were used to investigate the climatic variations ofpatterns, cycles and frequencies of different altitudes from 1954 to 1992, and differentresponses of different altitude surrounding Taklimakan Desert to global warming weregot: Coherent decline of snow accumulation rate and dust deposition of high altituderecorded in Chongce ice core; Coherent increase of summer half-year precipitationand SAT(surface air temperature) of Hotan; Consistent variation tendency betweendust deposit recorded in Chongce ice core and Hotan spring sandstorm days; Oppositevariation tendency between Hotan precipitation and Chongce ice core snowaccumulation rate and consistent cycles in general.
     By analyzing the mechanism of different response, determined the predominantfactors of different altitudes: At the low altitude, the vapor supply is predominant, andmore vapor supplying means more precipitation; At the high altitude, probably thepopulation of dust aerosol which act as cloud ice nuclei in high altitude atmospheretakes advantage over the vapor supply to affect the precipitation, and the dust aerosolpopulation reducing result in the wet deposition reducing, thus the dust aerosol is thepredominant factor.
     By using the typical loess profiles ZKT and LL2, we reconstructed theenvironmental evolution of North Xinjiang since the last glacial period. We used the<2μm grain size content to reflect the precipitation variations;>63μm grain sizecontent to reflect the sandstorm variations;<10μm grain size content to reflect thestrength of the westerlies. Although the change characteristics are different in detail,the overall changing trends are consistent. Combined with the TOC, CaCO3 content,magnetism characteristic and the Chromaticity; we found the North Xinjiangenvironment present a warm-dry characteristic in inter-glacial period and stages, and a cold-wet characteristic in glacial period and stages, since last inter-glacial period.
     Compared with the Loess Plateau, Tibetan Plateau, Polar region and the NorthAtlantic region since last inter-glacial period, the paleoclimatic characteristics show aconsistent variation trend in the cold-warm, i.e. the temperature variation is controlledby the global change; but the wet-dry variations are different, show a regionalcharacteristic, opposite to the Loess Plateau.
引文
1.安芷生,Porter S C,Chappell J,等.最近130ka洛川黄土堆积序列与格陵兰冰芯记录对比.科学通报,1994(39):2254-2256.
    2.拜格诺R A,1959.风砂和荒漠沙丘的物理学,地质出版社.
    3.陈隆勋,朱乾根,罗会邦,等.东亚季风[M].北京:气象出版社,,1991.1-262.
    4.陈涛,孙卫国,程炳岩.交叉小波变换在河南降水时频分析中的应用.南京气象学院学报,2002,25(5):685-692.
    5.陈星,于革,刘健.东亚地区Younger Dryas气候突变的数值模拟研究.第四纪研究,2004 24(6):654662.
    6.崔建堂,边小卫,王根宝.西昆仑地质组成与演化[J].陕西地质,2006,24(1):1-11
    7.程正兴.子波分析算法与应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2003:20-76.
    8.戴新刚,李维京,马柱国.近十几年新疆水汽源地变化特征[J].自然科学进展,2006,(12)
    9.邓自旺,林振山,周晓兰.西安市近50年来气候变化多时间尺度分析.高原气象,1997,16(1):81-93.
    10.刁桂仪,文启忠.黄土风化成土过程中主要元素迁移序列.地质地球化学,1999,27(1):21-26.
    11.丁仲礼,孙继敏,余志伟,刘东生.黄土高原过去130ka来古气候事件年表.科学通报,1998,43(6):567-574.
    12.丁仲礼,任剑璋,刘东生,孙继敏,周晓权.晚更新世季风-沙漠系统千年尺度的不规则变化及其机制问题[J].中国科学D辑,1996,(05)
    13.丁仲礼,孙继敏,余志伟,刘东生.黄土高原过去130ka来古气候事件年表.科学通报,1998,43(6):567-574.
    14.丁仲礼,孙继敏,刘东生.联系沙漠一黄土演变过程中祸合关系的沉积学指标.中国科学(D缉),1999,29(1):82-87.
    15.方小敏,戴雪荣,李吉均,等.亚洲季风演化的突发性与不稳定性-以末次间 冰期土壤发生为例.中国科学D辑),1996,26(2):154-160.
    16.方小敏,李吉均,Baneriee S,等.末次间冰期5e亚阶段夏季风快速变化的环境岩石磁学研究.科学通报,1998,43(21):2330-2332.
    17.方小敏,潘保田,管东红等,1999,兰州约60ka以来夏季风千年尺度不稳定性研究,科学通报,44(4):535-538.
    18.方小敏,吕连清,杨胜利.李吉均,安芷生,蒋平安,陈秀玲.昆仑山黄土与中国西部沙漠发育和高原隆升[J].中国科学D辑,2001,(03)
    19.冯文,王可丽,江灏.夏季区域西风指数对中国西北地区水汽场特征影响的对比分析.高原气象,2004,23(2):271-275.
    20.高存海,刘嘉奇,1999,乌鲁木齐河流域的黄土研究.第四纪研究,3:252-260
    21.龚道溢,王绍武.冬季西风环流指数的变率及其与北半球温度变化的关系研究.热带气象学报,2002,18(2):104-110.
    22.管清玉.末次冰期旋回气候高度不稳定性研究[博士学位论文].:兰州:兰州大学,2006
    23.韩芳林.西昆仑其曼于特蛇绿混杂岩带及地质意义:[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2003
    24.韩建康,中尾正义,东久美子,张万昌,和田,朱丰年.基于微粒变化对崇测冰帽浅层冰芯的定年结果[J].冰川冻土,2005,(06)
    25.何清,杨青,李红军.新疆40a来气温、降水和沙尘天气变化.冰川冻土,2003,25(4):423-427.
    26.胡汝骥,马虹,樊自立,等.新疆水资源对气候变化的响应.自然资源学报,2002,17(1):22-27.
    27.胡汝骥,姜逢清,王亚俊,等.新疆气候由暖干向暖湿转变的信号及影响.干旱区地理,2002,25(3):194-200.
    28.华英敏,吴守贤,安芷生等,1990,第四纪沉积序列的频谱初析。第四纪地质
    29.黄嘉佑.气象统计分析与预报方法.北京:气象出版社,215-237.
    30.姜春发,杨经绥,冯秉贵,等.昆仑开合构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1992,1-224
    31.姜春发,王宗起,李锦轶,等.中央造山带开合构造[M].北京:地质出版社,2000
    32.韩永翔,张强,董光荣,等.沙尘暴的气候环境效应研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(2):307-311.
    33.焦克勤,井哲帆,韩添丁,等.42a来天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化及趋势预测.冰川冻土,2004,26(3):253-259.
    34.李栋梁,王涛,钟海玲,等.中国北方沙尘暴气候成因及未来趋势预测[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(3):376-379
    35.李江风.塔克拉玛干沙漠和周边山区天气气候.北京:科学出版社,2003.1-380.
    36.李耀辉.近年来我国沙尘暴研究新进展[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(5):616-622.
    37.李月芳,姚檀栋,盛文坤,皇翠兰,谢超.古里雅冰帽8米浅冰芯的化学成分组成特征及其来源[J].冰川冻土,1997,(02)
    38.李月芳,姚檀栋,盛文坤,皇翠兰.干旱区粉尘对古里雅冰帽中化学记录的影响[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,(02).
    39.李栋梁,魏丽,蔡英,等.中国西北现代气候变化事实与未来趋势展望.冰川冻土,2003,25(2):135-142.
    40.李忠勤,韩添丁,井哲帆,等.乌鲁木齐河源气候变化和1号冰川40a观测事实.冰川冻土,2003,25(2):117-123.
    41.林振山,邓自旺.子波气候诊断技术的研究.北京:气象出版社,1999:24-60.
    42.林振山.气候建模、诊断和预测的研究.北京:气象出版社.1996:176-186.
    43.刘东生,安芷生,1984,洛川北韩塞黄土磁性地层初步研究.地球化学,134-137
    44.刘东生,安芷生,陈明扬等,1996,最近0.6Ma南北半球古气候对比初探中国科学,26(2):97-102
    45.刘东生,1965中国黄土堆积,科学出版社,
    46.刘东生等,1966,黄河中游黄土。科学出版社,北京。
    47.刘东生等,1967,黄土的物质成分与结构。科学出版社,北京。
    48.刘东生等著,1985,黄土与环境.北京:科学出版社.
    49.刘训.中国西北盆山地区地壳结构及其演化[J].新疆地质,2004 22(4):343-350
    50.鹿化煜,安芷生等.洛川黄土地层定年的一个模式及其初步应用[J].沉积学报,1997,(03)
    51.鹿化煜,安芷生.黄土高原黄土粒度组成的古气候意义[J].中国科学D辑,1998,(03).
    52.鹿化煌,马海州,谭红兵,等.西宁黄土堆积记录的最近13万年高原季风气候变化.第四纪研究,2001,21(5):416-426.
    53.罗汉民.气候学.[M].北京:气象出版社,1986.
    54.吕厚远,韩家懋,吴乃琴,等.中国现代土壤磁化率及其古气候意义.中国科学(B),1994,24(12)1290-1297.
    55.马志福,谭芳,侯勤东.塔克拉玛干沙漠地区温压湿分布规律研究.中国沙漠,2000,20(3):289-292.
    56.钱云,符淙斌,王淑瑜.沙尘气溶胶与气候变化.地球科学进展,1999,14(4):391-394.
    57.秦蕴珊,李铁刚,苍树溪.末次间冰期以来地球气候系统的突变.地球科学进展,2000,15(3):243250.
    58.屈文军,张小曳,王丹,沈振兴,梅凡民,程燕,严立文.西风带研究的重要意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,(01)
    59.盛文坤,姚檀栋,李月芳,皇翠兰.古里雅冰芯中钙离子含量及与气候变化关系[J].冰川冻土,1999,(01)
    60.盛成禹等,中国气候总论.[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.
    61.施雅风,刘时银.中国冰川对21世纪全球变暖响应的预估.科学通报,2000,45(4):434-438.
    62.施雅风,姚檀栋.中低纬度MIS 3b(54-44 ka BP)冷期与冰川前进[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(1):1-9
    63.施雅风,沈永平,胡汝骥.西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的信号、影响和前景初步探讨.冰川冻土,2002,24(3):219-226.
    64.施雅风.中国冰川与环境--现在、过去和未来[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.301-355.
    65.史玉光.新疆区域面雨量及空中水汽时空分布规律研究[D].南京信息工程大学博士论文,2008
    66.史正涛 天山黄土与西北内陆干旱化[D]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程 研究研究所博士论文,2002
    67.史正涛,方小敏,宋友桂,安芷生,杨胜利.天山北坡黄土记录的巾更新世以来干旱化过程[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,(03)
    史正涛.亚洲中部中更新世以来气候环境变化--来自天山北坡黄土沉积的证据[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,(04)
    68.史正涛等.伊犁盆地晚更新世黄土-古土壤磁化率特征[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版)2007.43:(2)
    69.司家亮.青藏高原西北缘新生代构造隆升及扩展[D].中国地质大学(北京)博士论文,2008
    70.孙东怀,刘东生,陈明扬,安芷生,1997,中国黄土高原红粘土序列的磁性地层与气候变化。中国科学(D辑),1997,27(3),265-270。
    71.孙东怀.晚新生代黄土高原风尘序列的磁性地层与古气候记录[D].中国科学院研究生院博士论文(地球环境研究所),1997
    72.孙鸿烈,郑度.青藏高原形成演化与发展[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1998.105-129.
    73.孙继敏,刘东生.洛川黄土地层的再划分及其L_9、L_(15)古环境意义的新解释[J].第四纪研究,2002,(05).
    74.孙继敏.中国黄土的物质来源及其粉尘的产生机制与搬运过程[J].第四纪研究,2004,(02)
    75.孙继敏,许立亮.8Ma以来黄土高原风尘堆积的物源变化与上地壳演化的关系[J].第四纪研究,2007,(02)
    76.宋长青,吕厚远,孙湘君.中国北方花粉-气候因子转换函数建立及应用.科学通报,1997 42(20):2182-2186.
    77.滕志宏,1986,新疆黄土的某些特征及其形成条件的初步认识,西北大学学报,16(1):69-75
    78.滕志宏,申西平,1995,中国风成黄土极其形成下限研究.地层学杂志,19(2):81-87
    79.王鸿祯主编.中国古地理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1985
    80.王绍武,蔡静宁,慕巧珍,等.中国西部年降水量的气候变化.自然资源学 报,2002,17(4):415-422.
    81.王树基,阎顺,1987,天山南北麓新生代地理环境演变,地理学报,42(30):211-220
    82.王树基等.1990,塔里木内陆盆地晚新生代干早环境形成与演变第四纪研究,(4):372-380
    83.王树基等,1997,准噶尔盆地晚新生代地理环境演变.干早区地理,20(2):9-16
    84.王旭,王铁,马禹.新疆对流层中上部水汽输送特征研究.新疆气象,2001,24(2):1-3.
    85.王旭,马禹,陈洪武,等.南疆沙尘暴气候特征分析.中国沙漠,2003,23(2):147-151.
    86.魏文寿.现代气候对气候变化的响应与反馈.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2000.
    87.叶玮,靳鹤龄,赵兴有,陈险峰.新疆伊犁地区黄土的粒度特征与物质来源[J].干旱区地理,1998,(04).
    88.叶玮.新疆伊犁地区自然环境特点与黄土形成条件[J].干旱区地理,1999,(03).
    89.叶玮,董光荣,袁玉江,马英杰.新疆伊犁地区末次冰期气候的不稳定性[J].科学通报,2000,(06)
    叶玮.新疆西风区黄土与古土壤磁化率变化特点[J].中国沙漠,2001,(04).
    90.叶玮,Yabuki Sadaya,Kanayama Shinji.中国西风区黄土常量元素地球化学行为与古环境[J].干旱区地理,2003,(01)
    叶玮.新疆西风区黄土与古土壤磁化率变化特点[J].中国沙漠,2001,(04)
    91.叶玮.新疆西风区黄土沉积特征与古气候[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001.176-177
    92.叶玮,桑长青,赵兴有.新疆黄土分布规律及粉尘来源[J].中国沙漠,2003,(05)
    93.袁玉江,何清,李江风,等.塔克拉玛干地区近40a来的冷暖变化.中国沙漠,1998,18(2):118-122.
    94.袁玉江,李江风,叶玮.塔克拉玛干地区近四十年来的干湿变化.干旱区地 理,1998,21(1):18-24.
    95.杨莲梅.塔克拉玛干地区气候变化对全球变暖的响应.中国沙漠,2003,23(5):497-502.
    96.杨胜利,方小敏,李吉均,等.表土颜色和气候定性至半定量关系研究.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(增刊):175-181.
    97.姚檀栋,Thompson L G,施雅风,等.古里雅冰芯中末次间冰期以来气候变化记录研究[J].中国科学(D辑),1997,27(5):447-452.
    98.姚檀栋.末次冰期青藏高原的气候突变--古里雅冰芯与格陵兰GRIP冰芯对比研究[J].中国科学D辑,1999,(02)
    99.姚檀栋,邬光剑,蒲建辰,焦克勤,皇翠兰.古里雅冰芯中钙离子与大气粉尘变化关系[J].
    100.文启忠,孙福庆等,1981,黄土剖面中氧化物的比值和相对淋溶积聚值在地质上的意义。地球化学,(4)
    101.文启忠等,1988,北疆地区晚更新世以来的气候环境变迁.科学通报33(10):771-114
    102.文启忠,乔玉楼,1990,新疆地区13000年来的气候序列初探,第四纪研究,(4):363-371
    103.吴锡浩,王富葆,安芷生等,1992,晚新生代青藏高原隆升的阶段和高度。黄土.第四纪地质.全球变化(3)(刘东生,安芷生主编),科学出版,北京,1-13。
    104.邬光剑,姚檀栋,L.G.Thompson,李忠勤.末次间冰期以来古里雅冰芯微粒记录与极地冰芯的对比[J].科学通报,2004,(05)
    105.邬光剑,姚檀栋.末次间冰期以来源自中亚的粉尘记录的对比[J].冰川冻土,2005,(01)
    106.邬光剑,姚檀栋,徐柏青,李真,田立德,段克勤,汶林科.慕士塔格冰芯中微粒的粒度记录[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2006,(01)
    107.邬光剑,姚檀栋,徐柏青,田立德,李真,段克勤.慕士塔格冰芯中大气粉尘记录的季节变化[J].科学通报,2008,(13)
    108.张传林,陆松年,于海锋,等.青藏高原北缘西昆仑造山带构造演化:来自锆石SH租MP及LA-ICp-Ms测年的证据[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2007, 37(2):145-154
    109.张鸿义,王焕章,等.天山北麓的黄土地层与古气候.见:干旱区新强第四纪研究论文集.新疆人民出版社,1985,95-106
    110.张军华,毛节泰,王美华.利用TOMS资料遥感沙尘暴的研究.高原气象,2002,21(5):457-465.
    111.章新平,姚檀栋.影响降水中δ(18)O的因素及其相对重要性[J].冰川冻土,1995,(01).
    章新平,姚檀栋.影响青藏高原的天气系统与降水中氧同位素的关系[J].冰川冻土,1995,(02).
    112.张小曳,张光宇,安芷生,陈拓,黄湘萍,朱光华,张德二.中国源区粉尘的元素示踪[J].中国科学D辑,1996,(05).
    113.张小曳,张光宇,朱光华,张德二,安芷生,陈拓,黄湘萍.Elemental tracers for Chinese source dust[J].Science in China,Ser.D,1996,(05).
    张小曳,张光宇,陈拓,沈志宝,柳海燕.青藏高原远源西风粉尘与黄土堆积[J].中国科学D辑,1996,(02).
    114.张小曳.亚洲粉尘的源区分布、释放、输送、沉降与黄土堆积[J].第四纪研究,2001,(01)
    115.赵兴有,买买提依敏,刘嘉麒,骆君,阮成雯.晚更新世中期以来克里雅河流域黄土沉积特征与环境演化[J].干旱区地理,1995,(01)
    116.赵兴有.克里雅河流域黄土的矿物组合特征及环境意义[J].干旱区地理,1997,(03).
    117.赵秀峰等,晚更新世以来昆仑山区黄土沉积及其气候记录.冰川冻土,1993,15(1):63-69
    118.赵锦慧,张小曳,鹿化煜,李杨,汶玲娟,李东平.中国干旱半干旱地区古粉尘通量差异及其指示的气候意义[J].自然科学进展,2005,(08)
    119.郑本兴,上田丰,陈建明.1987年中日联合西昆仑冰川考察初步报告[J].冰川冻土,1988,10(1):84-89
    120.郑剑东.青藏高原地球动力学初探[J].现代地质,1988,2(2):19-206
    121.郑剑东.青藏高原西北缘地球动力学初探[J].地震地质,1996,15(2):119-127
    122.周廷儒,1963,新班第四纪陆相沉积的主要类型及其和地貌气候的发展的关系,地理学报,29(2)109-125
    123. Ageta Y, Zhang Wenjing, Nakawo M. Mass balance studies on Chongce Ice Cap in the West Kunlun Mountains [J]. Bulletin of Glacier Research, 1989. 6: 43-50.
    124. An Z S,Liu T S,Lu Y C,Porter S C,Kukla G,Wu X H and Hua Y M, 1990,The long-term paleomonsoon variation recorded by the loess-paleosol sequence in central China Quaternary International,7(8),91-95.
    125. An Z,Kukla S,G J,Porter S C and Xiao J L,1991 c,Magnetic susceptibility evidence of monsoon variation on the Loess Plateau of Central China during the last 13,000 years.Quaternary Research,36,29-36.
    126. An Z S, Kukla S,G J,Porter S C and Xiao J L,1991d,Late Quaternary dust flow on the Chinese Loess Plateau,Catena,18,125-132.
    127. An Z S, Porter S C, 1997,Millennial-scale climatic oscillations during the last interglaciation in central China,Geology,25,603-606.
    128. An Z S,Sun D H,1995.Discussion on the monsoon variation over the Loess Plateau in the last glacial cycle.in:Ye Duzheng,Lin Hai et al(eds.),China contribution to global change, Beijing: Science Press,122-124
    129. Biscaye P E, Grousset F E, Revel M,et al.Asian provenance of glacial dust (stage 2) in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Core, Summit, Greenland [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997,102(C 12): 26 765-26 781.
    130. Bond G,Broecker W, Johnsen S,et al. Correlations between climate records from North Atlantic sediment and Greenland Ice[J]. Nature, 1993,365:143-147.
    131. Bond G., Kromer B., Beer J., Muscheler R., Evans M.N, Showers W, Hoffmann S., Lotti-Bond R., Hajdas I., Bonani G. 2001. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene. Science, 294:2310-2316
    132. Bond G., Showers W., Cheseby M., Lotti R., Almasi P., deMenocal P, Priore P., Cullen H., Hajdas I-Bonani G. 1997. A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates. Science, 278:1257-1266
    133. Broecker W.S. 1994. Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change Nature, 372: 421-424
    134.Chen F H, Bloemendal J, Wang J M, et al. High-resolution multi-proxy climate records from Chinese loess: evidence for rapid climatic changes over the last 75 kyr. Palaeogeography, Palaeociimatology, Palaeoecology, 1997, 130: 323—335.
    135.Chen F H, Feng Z D, Zhang J W. Loess particle size data indicative of stable winter monsoon during the last interglacial in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Catena, 2000, 39: 233—244.
    
    136.Dansgaard W. Stable isotopes in precipitation [J]. Tellus, 1964, 16:436-468.
    137.Ding Z L,Yu,Z M,Rutter N W and Liu T S,1994,Towards an orbital time scale for Chinese loess deposits.Quaternary Science Reviews,13,39-40.
    138.Ding Z L,Liu T S.Rutter N W,Yu Z W,Guo Z T.,and Zhu R.X.,1995,Ice-volume forcing of East Asian winter monsoon variations in the past 800,000 years.Quaternary Research,44, 149-159.
    139.Ding Z L, Sun J M, Liu T S. A sedimentological proxy indicator linking changes in loess anddeserts in the Quaternary. Science in China (Series D), 1999, 42(2):146-152.
    140.Duce R A,Unni C K,Ray B J,et al.Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical North Pacific:Temporal variability [J].Science, 1980,209:1522-1524.
    
    141.Elderfield H. Carbonate Mysteries [J]. Science, 2002, 296:1618-1620.
    142.Feng, Z D. Climatic implication of magnetic susceptibility and Be-10 in Chinese loess. Catena, 1996,25:211—216.
    143.Feng Z D, CHen F H. Problems of the magnetic susceptibility signature as the proxy of the summer monsoon intensity in the Chinese Loess Plateau: Chinese Science Bulletin, 1999, 44 (suppl. 1):97-104.
    144.Feng Z D, Wang H B, Olson G A, et al. Chronological discord between the last interglacial paleosol (S1)and its parent material in the Chinese Loess Plateau.Quaternary International, 2004a (117): 17—26.
    145.Feng Z D, Khosbayar P. Paleosubarctic Eolian environments along the southern margin of the North American Icesheet and the southern margin of Siberia during the Last Glacial Maximum. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology. 2004b, 212:265-275.
    
    Gao Y, Arimoto R, Zhou M Y,et al.Relationships between the dust concentrations over Eastern Asian and the remote North Pacific [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1992,97: 9 867-9 872.
    146.GRIP Members. 1993. Climate instability during the last interglacial period recorded in the GRIP ice core. Nature, 364: 203-207
    147.Hammer C U. Dating of Greenland ice cores by micro-particle concentration analysis [A]. Isotopes and Impurities in Snow and Ice. Proc. IUGG Symposium.,Grenoble.1975 [M]. IAHS AISH publ., 1977,118: 297-301.
    148.Heller F, Liu T S. Magnetism of Chinese loess deposits (astr.). Geophys J. R.,1984(77): 125-141.
    149.Jickells T D,An Z S,Andersen K K,et al.Global iron connec-tions between desert,dust,ocean biogeochemistry and climate [J].Science,2005,308:68-71.
    150.IPCC.IPCC Second Assessment Report:Climate Change[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1995: 64.
    151.Junge C E. Processes responsible for the trace content in precipitation [A].Isotopes and Impurities in Snow and Ice. Prec. IUGG Symp. Grenoble, 1975[M].IASH-AISH publ., 1977,118:63-77.
    152.Kang X. C. , Y. Q. Xie. The character of the weather and climate in West Kunlun mountains area in summer, 1987. Bulletin of Glacier Research, 1989, 6, 83-88.
    153.Kukla G, Heller F, Liu T S, et al. Pleistocene climate in China dated by magnetic susceptibility. Geology, 1988,16: 811—814.
    154.Kukla G J, Clement A C, Cane M A, et al. Last interglacial and early glacial ENSO. Quaternary Research, 2002 (58):27—31.
    155.Legrand M. Chimie des neiges et glaces polaires: reflet. Del'environnement.These de Doctorat d'Etat, Univ. Scientifique et Medicate de Grenoble [m]. 1985.
    156.Longxun , ZHU Qiangen , LUO Huibang, et al. East Asian Monsoon [ M ]. Beijing : Meteorology, Press , 1991. 1 -262.
    157.Martin J H,Fitzwater S E.Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east pacific subarctic[J]. Nature, 1988,331:341-343.
    158.Moldvay L. On the governing Sedimentation from eoloin suspension. Acta universitatis Szegediensis. 1962, (14):75-109.
    159.Mahowald N, Kohfeld K E, Hansson M,et al.Dust sources and deposition during the Last Glacial Maximum and current climate: A comparison of model results with pale data from ice cores and marine sediments [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1999,104: 15 895-16 436.
    160.Matte Ph, TapPonnierP, AmaudN, etal.Tectonics of WestemTibet,BetweentheTarimand the Indus [J].EarthandPlanetaryseieneeLetters, 1996,142:311—330
    161.Mayewski P.A., Meeker L.D., T wichler M.S., Whitlow S, Yang Q., Lyons W.B.and Prentice M. 1997. MajoR features and forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation using a 110000 year long glaciehemical series. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 26345/66
    162.Merrill J.T., M. Uematsu , R. Bleck. Meteorological analysis of long range transport of mineral aerosols over the north Pacific. J. Geophys. Res .1989,94(D6), 6584-8598.
    163.Nakawo M, Ageta Y, Han Jiankang. Climatic information from the Chongce Ice Cap, West Kunlun, China [J]. Annals of Glaciology, 1990, 14:205-207.
    164.Paterson W S B. The Physics of Glaciers [M], 2nd Edition. Pergamon,1981.334.
    165.Porter S C and An Z S,1995, Correlation between climatic events of the last glaciation in the North Atlantic and China.Nature,375,305-308.
    166.Prospero J M, Ginoux P, Torres O,et al. Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product [J]. Reviews of Geophysics,2002,40(1): 4-1~4-30.
    167.Rea D K.The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea:The geologic history of the wind[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1994,32:159-195.
    168.Shi Yafeng, Yu Ge , Liu Xiaodong , et al. Reconstruction of the 30~40 ka BP enhanced Indian monsoon climate based on geological records from the Tibetan Plateau [J ]. Palaeogeography , Palaeoclimatology , Palaeoecology , 2001 , 169 :69 - 83.
    169.SW Yafeng, Yao Tandong . MIS 3b (54~44 ka BP) cold period and glacial advance in middle and low latitudes [ J ]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology , 2002 , 24(1): 1 - 9.
    170.Steffensen J P, Clausen H B, Hammer CU,et al. The chemical compo sition of co Id eventsw ith in the Eem ian section of the Greenland Ice Co re P ro ject ice co re from Summit, Greenland〔J〕. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997, 102:26 747- 26 753.
    171 .Thompson L G, Yao T, Davis ME ,et al. Tropical climate instability: the last glacial cycle from a Qinghai - Tibetan ice core [J ]. Science , 1997 ,276 : 1821 -1825.
    172.Tayler K C, Mayewski P A, Alley R B, et al. The Holocene Younger Dryas transition recorded at Summit, Greenland (J).Science, 1997, 278: 825-827.-
    173.Yao Tandong , Thompson L G, Shi Yafeng , et al. The study of the climate change records in the Guliya ice core since the Last Interglacial [J ]. Science in China (Series D), 1997,27 (5): 447 -452.
    174.Zhang Wenjing, An Ruizhen, Yang Huaian et al. Conditions of glacier development and some glacial features in the West Kunlun Mountains [J].Bulletin of Glacier Research, 1989, 6:49-58.
    175.Zhang X Y, Arimoto R, An Z S. Dust emission from Chiese desert sources linked to variations in atmospheric circulation [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102:28 041-28 047.
    176.Zhang X Y, Arimoto R,An Z S. Glacial and interglacial patterns for Asian dust transport. Quaternary Science Review, 1999, 18:811-819
    177.Zhuang G,Yi Z,Duce R A.Link between iron and sulfur sug-gested by the detection of Fe(Ⅱ)in remote marine aerosols[J].Nature, 1992,355:537-539.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700