基于物质流核算的浙江省循环经济研究
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摘要
本研究试图从物质代谢理论视角,以物质流核算为工具,完成对浙江省循环经济发展的规模、结构特点和运行效率等方面的客观认识和评估,并找出其主要影响因素,进而提出浙江省循环经济发展的模式、路径和主要政策保障体系,为浙江省循环经济发展目标的确定,战略的调整提供一定的参考。
本研究首先展开理论和方法的再思考,以理清循环经济的内涵,构建以Eurostsat(2001)物质流核算体系为基础的区域物质流核算和研究方法体系。接着展开定量分析,该部分首先系统概括浙江省循环经济发展的现实基础和发展历程;其次具体和系统地核算出浙江省的物质流;接着对浙江省循环经济发展的资源压力、环境压力和运行效率的进行客观认识和评估;最后对浙江省循环经济发展的影响因素进行分析,重点研究经济发展和人口因素的影响。最后是应用研究部分,主要探讨浙江省循环经济发展的可行模式和路径选择问题,并提出相应的政策建议。
研究结果表明,浙江省在1997-2006十年间:
经济快速增长的过程中,资源开采量持续增大,其中非金属矿物的需求增加占绝对的主导地位;矿物输入比重在增加,生物质输入比重在降低;金属矿物和化石燃料对外的强依赖性有进一步加重的趋势。在资源利用量不断增加的同时,浙江省承受了巨大的环境压力,这种压力有不断增强的趋势。区域污染总体水平有趋缓的迹象,但污染规模依然庞大,部分污染物(例如二氧化硫)反呈增长之势。
资源利用效率在这十年间的进步不大,经济的增长主要通过物质投入的增加来实现。单位过程排放所取得的经济效益得到了大幅度提高,可能是环境监管得到加强和污染处理技术提升的缘故。物质消耗强度持续增强,随着生活水平的提高,浙江人将开采更多的物质资源用于满足其日增的消费需求,与此伴随着向周围环境排放更多的废弃物质;GDP的物质消耗强度在分析区间内只有小幅降低。
对浙江省循环经济发展的基本方面作如下判断:资源需要在经济增长的拉动下快速增长;经济增长奠定了其坚实的污染控制所需物质基础;人口数量增加将给资源带来较大压力,但对环境压力作用不明显;如果保持现有的物质利用技术水平,经济增长将通过粗放型外延的扩大再生产来实现,环境污染水平降低的要得助于控制力度的增强,目前浙江省走的是“末端治理”型循环经济发展模式道路。
最后,本研究为浙江省设计了以实现生态工业园区自组织化、共生化为核心,以企业清洁生产为基础,以静脉产业完善为保障“三位一体”的循环经济发展模式,并将之分三阶段按梯度形推进,这些工作顺利进行有赖于区域循环经济体系和运行机制的有力保障。
Under the views of Materail Metabolism,this study tried to objectively recoganize and evaluate the scale,structure character and efficiency of the Recycle economy(CE) operation in Zhejiang province by the tool of Materail Flow Accounting(MFA),and then to find out what factors and to what extend they affect the operation of CE,thus to bring forward advice on what pattern,route and policy sytem should be taken to improve the development of CE in Zhejiang province,which were expected to be considered as consultant information in the process of goal setting and strategy adjusting for CE development in Zhejiang province.
This study could be dividen into three parts.In part one,theories and methods for the study were discussed so as to clearify the conception of Recycle economy and to set up the Material Flow Accounting and studying methodmelogy system for regional CE research based on the Eurostsat(2001) MFA.In part two,the objective foundation and devlopping history of the CE in Zhejiang province were firstly reviewed completely,then Zhejiang province's Material Flows were completely accounted in detial,in the flow,the pressure on resource and environment putted by the devolpping of economy and the efficiency of CE in Zhejiang province were studied,lastly,what factors and to what extend they affect the operation of CE in Zhejiang province were discussed,amony the factors, economy developping and population were emphasized.In the last part,advice on what pattern,route and policy sytem should be taken to improve the development of CE in Zhejiang province were brought forward.
Conclusions showed that:
During 1997 to 2006,Material Extraction(ME) was growing rapidly as the economy booming,nonmetal material occupied most of the ME,mineral material's proportion to ME was on the growing,while biomass material's proportion to ME was on the depressing, and the fossil's dependence on importing was on the rising.
The environment was also suffered from heavy pressure in Zhejiang province during 1997 to 2006 as the economy growing rapidly.Thoght it was on the depressing,the total amount of pollutions output was still in a great scale,and some pollutions(e.g.SO_2) was on the growing.
The efficiency of resource using hasn't been improved too much during 1997 to 2006, thus the economy growth was maily the result of more and more resource comsuming. Revenue of per pollution has been greatly increased for environment supervise was enhanced and the technology of pollution disposal was improved.As the income growing, people in Zhejiang exploited more and more material for comsumption thus lead to the intensity of material comsuption per person was enhanced and more and more wastes were let into the environment.As well,intensity of material comsuption per GDP hasn't been decreased too much.
It was judged that the general trend of the CE developping in Zhejiang was as follow: resource demand will be increase rapidly as the economy booming while the foundation for pollution control would be stab.ly established.The economy's pressure on resource will be aggrevated while pressure on environment wonn't be aggrevated too much as the population growing.The economy will grow in an extensive way if the resource using technology wonn't be improved and the depressing of pollution depents on hard control, now,the CE operated in Zhejiang province belongs to the pattern of "contol the pollution on the tail end".
As an advice,the "compiled three ways" CE developing pattern which centring on building self-organized net intergrowth Industry,basing on corperations' clear producing and safegarded by vein industry was disigned for the CE developping in Zhejiang province. And this CE developping mode should be implemented in three phases step by step and safegarded by regional CE developping marketing system and operation institution system.
本研究首先展开理论和方法的再思考,以理清循环经济的内涵,构建以Eurostsat(2001)物质流核算体系为基础的区域物质流核算和研究方法体系。接着展开定量分析,该部分首先系统概括浙江省循环经济发展的现实基础和发展历程;其次具体和系统地核算出浙江省的物质流;接着对浙江省循环经济发展的资源压力、环境压力和运行效率的进行客观认识和评估;最后对浙江省循环经济发展的影响因素进行分析,重点研究经济发展和人口因素的影响。最后是应用研究部分,主要探讨浙江省循环经济发展的可行模式和路径选择问题,并提出相应的政策建议。
研究结果表明,浙江省在1997-2006十年间:
经济快速增长的过程中,资源开采量持续增大,其中非金属矿物的需求增加占绝对的主导地位;矿物输入比重在增加,生物质输入比重在降低;金属矿物和化石燃料对外的强依赖性有进一步加重的趋势。在资源利用量不断增加的同时,浙江省承受了巨大的环境压力,这种压力有不断增强的趋势。区域污染总体水平有趋缓的迹象,但污染规模依然庞大,部分污染物(例如二氧化硫)反呈增长之势。
资源利用效率在这十年间的进步不大,经济的增长主要通过物质投入的增加来实现。单位过程排放所取得的经济效益得到了大幅度提高,可能是环境监管得到加强和污染处理技术提升的缘故。物质消耗强度持续增强,随着生活水平的提高,浙江人将开采更多的物质资源用于满足其日增的消费需求,与此伴随着向周围环境排放更多的废弃物质;GDP的物质消耗强度在分析区间内只有小幅降低。
对浙江省循环经济发展的基本方面作如下判断:资源需要在经济增长的拉动下快速增长;经济增长奠定了其坚实的污染控制所需物质基础;人口数量增加将给资源带来较大压力,但对环境压力作用不明显;如果保持现有的物质利用技术水平,经济增长将通过粗放型外延的扩大再生产来实现,环境污染水平降低的要得助于控制力度的增强,目前浙江省走的是“末端治理”型循环经济发展模式道路。
最后,本研究为浙江省设计了以实现生态工业园区自组织化、共生化为核心,以企业清洁生产为基础,以静脉产业完善为保障“三位一体”的循环经济发展模式,并将之分三阶段按梯度形推进,这些工作顺利进行有赖于区域循环经济体系和运行机制的有力保障。
Under the views of Materail Metabolism,this study tried to objectively recoganize and evaluate the scale,structure character and efficiency of the Recycle economy(CE) operation in Zhejiang province by the tool of Materail Flow Accounting(MFA),and then to find out what factors and to what extend they affect the operation of CE,thus to bring forward advice on what pattern,route and policy sytem should be taken to improve the development of CE in Zhejiang province,which were expected to be considered as consultant information in the process of goal setting and strategy adjusting for CE development in Zhejiang province.
This study could be dividen into three parts.In part one,theories and methods for the study were discussed so as to clearify the conception of Recycle economy and to set up the Material Flow Accounting and studying methodmelogy system for regional CE research based on the Eurostsat(2001) MFA.In part two,the objective foundation and devlopping history of the CE in Zhejiang province were firstly reviewed completely,then Zhejiang province's Material Flows were completely accounted in detial,in the flow,the pressure on resource and environment putted by the devolpping of economy and the efficiency of CE in Zhejiang province were studied,lastly,what factors and to what extend they affect the operation of CE in Zhejiang province were discussed,amony the factors, economy developping and population were emphasized.In the last part,advice on what pattern,route and policy sytem should be taken to improve the development of CE in Zhejiang province were brought forward.
Conclusions showed that:
During 1997 to 2006,Material Extraction(ME) was growing rapidly as the economy booming,nonmetal material occupied most of the ME,mineral material's proportion to ME was on the growing,while biomass material's proportion to ME was on the depressing, and the fossil's dependence on importing was on the rising.
The environment was also suffered from heavy pressure in Zhejiang province during 1997 to 2006 as the economy growing rapidly.Thoght it was on the depressing,the total amount of pollutions output was still in a great scale,and some pollutions(e.g.SO_2) was on the growing.
The efficiency of resource using hasn't been improved too much during 1997 to 2006, thus the economy growth was maily the result of more and more resource comsuming. Revenue of per pollution has been greatly increased for environment supervise was enhanced and the technology of pollution disposal was improved.As the income growing, people in Zhejiang exploited more and more material for comsumption thus lead to the intensity of material comsuption per person was enhanced and more and more wastes were let into the environment.As well,intensity of material comsuption per GDP hasn't been decreased too much.
It was judged that the general trend of the CE developping in Zhejiang was as follow: resource demand will be increase rapidly as the economy booming while the foundation for pollution control would be stab.ly established.The economy's pressure on resource will be aggrevated while pressure on environment wonn't be aggrevated too much as the population growing.The economy will grow in an extensive way if the resource using technology wonn't be improved and the depressing of pollution depents on hard control, now,the CE operated in Zhejiang province belongs to the pattern of "contol the pollution on the tail end".
As an advice,the "compiled three ways" CE developing pattern which centring on building self-organized net intergrowth Industry,basing on corperations' clear producing and safegarded by vein industry was disigned for the CE developping in Zhejiang province. And this CE developping mode should be implemented in three phases step by step and safegarded by regional CE developping marketing system and operation institution system.
引文
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