卤代甲烷甲基转移酶基因转化烟草的研究及中华补血草LsNHXs基因的功能研究
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摘要
第一章卤代甲烷甲基转移酶基因转化烟草的研究
甲基溴是在全球被广泛采用的一种熏蒸杀虫剂,但是,甲基溴对臭氧层和环境有破坏作用。国际组织呼吁尽快淘汰甲基溴,因此,甲基溴替代技术的开发迫在眉睫。
卤代甲烷的生物合成由以下酶促反应完成:SAM(S-腺苷甲硫氨酸)+ X-(Cl-,Br-,I-)→CH3X + S-adenosylhomocysteine(S-腺苷高半胱氨酸),反应由一种甲基转移酶(methyl chloride transferase MCT)催化完成。本实验克隆了来源于甜土植物—拟南芥及来源于盐生植物—盐芥和盐地碱蓬的MCT基因AtMCT(AtHOL)、ThMCT和SsMCT。通过基因工程手段将这三个基因转入烟草,实现基因的过量表达。
土壤甲基溴熏蒸的目标在于杀死具有较高耐药性的病源物的孢子或其他休眠形式,熏蒸所需浓度高,这也是造成环境污染的原因。通过转基因手段,赋予转基因烟草微量、持续产生甲基溴的能力,病源物侵染时可直接对其作用,从而替代甲基溴土壤熏蒸。此技术在国内外尚属首创。
主要实验结果如下:
1)利用RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆获得ThMCT和SsMCT基因的全长序列。ThMCT基因全长923 bp,开放阅读框为681 bp,共编码226个氨基酸,蛋白分子量约为25.1 KD。SsMCT基因全长1094 bp,开放阅读框为699 bp,共编码232个氨基酸,蛋白分子量约为25.8 KD。
2)将AtMCT、ThMCT和SsMCT的全长ORF构建到植物双元表达载体pINT4中,用农杆菌介导的叶圆盘法转化烟草,分别获得了18个AtMCT、20个ThMCT和38个SsMCT基因独立的转化株系。
3)对转基因植株进行分子鉴定。PCR分析、Southern和Northern杂交结果表明外源基因已整合进烟草的基因组中并正常转录。用总蛋白作Western杂交,三种转基因植株均有杂交信号。但是如果主要用可溶性蛋白作Western杂交,则只有AtMCT转基因植株有杂交信号,而ThMCT和SsMCT转基因植株均没有杂交信号。
4)用不同浓度的处理液处理野生型和转基因烟草,用气/质联用仪测定其CH3Cl、CH3Br和CH3I的释放量。AtMCT转基因植株a12三种气体的释放量明显高于野生型对照,是对照的100倍左右,而ThMCT和SsMCT转基因植株的释放量和对照差异不明显。
5)对AtMCT转基因植株a12和野生型植株接种线虫,在施加Br-,增加底物的情况下,AtMCT转基因植株提高了对线虫的抗性。
第二章中华补血草LsNHXs基因的功能研究
液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白与植物耐逆密切相关,它利用液泡膜H+-ATPase及H+-PPase泵H+产生的驱动力把Na+区隔化入液泡中以消除Na+的毒害,除此之外,液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白还与PH调节、囊泡运输、液泡的发育以及蛋白质分选有关。液泡不仅是一个物质储存细胞器,在特定的生理条件下,某些植物细胞的液泡可参与矿质离子、简单糖类、有机酸和氨基酸等物质的运输。
早期的电镜观察发现,补血草盐腺分泌细胞内有大量的线粒体和丰富的内质网,缺少清晰的中央大液泡,但细胞内有许多液泡样的小囊泡,小囊泡大部分都靠近细胞质膜且经常出现与质膜的融合,推测囊泡运输参与了补血草的泌盐过程。由此推测补血草液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白LsNHXs将对补血草的泌盐产生一定的影响。因此,本实验克隆了LsNHXs基因,并利用RNAi技术对其功能进行了研究。
主要实验结果如下:
1)采用RT-PCR和3’-RACE方法从补血草中克隆获得LsNHXs基因家族三个成员LsNHX1、LsNHX2和LsNHX3的保守区序列以及LsNHX2和LsNHX3的3’端特异序列。
2)构建植物基因RNAi沉默表达载体并转化补血草,获得三个单基因和一个双基因的RNAi沉默表达植株,快繁转基因植株供分子鉴定和耐逆分析。
3)LsNHX1转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+、K+离子含量比野生型对照显著增加;叶组织内Na+离子含量和K+离子含量均略高,但差异不显著;K+/Na+比没有显著差异。
4)LsNHX2转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+离子含量比野生型对照有所下降,但差异不显著;K+离子含量比对照显著降低。LsNHX2转基因植株叶组织内Na+离子含量略高,但差异不显著;K+离子含量和K+/Na+比均降低。
5)LsNHX3转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+离子含量比对照增加,但差异不显著,K+离子含量比对照增加,在400 mM NaCl条件下达到显著差异;叶组织内Na+离子含量和K+离子含量均略高;K+/Na+比没有显著差异。
6)LsNHX1+LsNHX2双基因沉默植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+离子含量比野生型对照增加,K+离子含量与野生型对照相比没有显著差异。转基因植株叶中Na+离子含量略高,但差异不显著;转基因植株叶中K+离子含量及K+/Na+比均降低。
以上结果表明,LsNHX1、LsNHX2和LsNHX3的作用机制不同。LsNHX2可能定位于小囊泡上,沉默表达后,区隔化的Na+离子含量降低,导致通过囊泡运输分泌的Na+离子含量降低。LsNHX1和LsNHX3可能定位于中央大液泡上,主要负责Na+的区隔化;沉默表达后,液泡中区隔化的Na+离子含量降低,胞质中的Na+离子含量增加,刺激盐腺泌盐,导致叶片分泌的Na+离子含量增加。
本研究的主要创新点:
1.首次克隆了盐生植物—盐芥、盐地碱蓬的卤代甲烷甲基转移酶基因ThMCT和SsMCT,并对其序列特征进行了详细的分析。
2.通过过量表达卤代甲烷甲基转移酶基因,提高转基因烟草释放甲基溴的能力,使转基因烟草微量、持续产生甲基溴,从而替代甲基溴土壤熏蒸。此技术在国内外尚属首创。
3.首次克隆了补血草的液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白LsNHXs基因家族三个成员LsNHX1、LsNHX2和LsNHX3的部分序列,并将这三个基因分别作了RNAi沉默表达。研究发现LsNHX1、LsNHX2、LsNHX3的作用机制不同。LsNHX2可能定位于小囊泡上,通过囊泡运输对补血草的泌盐起一定的作用,而LsNHX1和LsNHX3可能定位于中央大液泡上,主要负责Na+的区隔化。
Chapter 1: Transformation of tobacco with MCT gene
Methyl bromide is one kind of highly effective fumigant used widely in the whole world, but it plays the destructive effect to the ozone layer and the environment. So methyl bromide was appealed to be eliminated by the International Organization as soon as possible. The development of alternative technologies for methyl bromide is imminent.
The methyl halide is biosynthesized by an enzymatic reaction: SAM + X- (Cl-, Br-, I-)→CH3X + S-adenosylhomocysteine. This reaction is catalyzed by one kind of methyl transferase (methyl chloride transferase MCT). We cloned AtMCT (AtHOL, from glycophyte- Arabidopsis), ThMCT (from halophyte-Thellungiella halophila), and SsMCT (from halophyte - Suaeda salsa) and overexpressed them in tobacco, respectively.
The use of methyl bromide in soil fumigation is to kill pathogens. Pathogens exist as spores or other dormant forms with the absence of host plants and they have high resistance, so high concentration of methyl bromide is required while fumigating. This is likely the main reason of the environmental pollution. If the transgenic tobaccos can generate methyl bromide spontaneously and duratively, and methyl bromide can play a direct role to the pathogens when plants are infecting. This alternative technology for methyl bromide is original.
The main results were shown as follows:
1) The full length sequences of ThMCT and SsMCT were obtained through RT-PCR and RACE. ThMCT gene, 923 bp, has an ORF of 681 bp, encoding 226 aa, and the molecular weight of it’s protein is approximately 25.1 kD. SsMCT gene, 1094 bp, has an ORF of 699 bp, encoding 232 aa, and the molecular weight of it’s protein is approximately 25.8 kD.
2) The ORFs of AtMCT, ThMCT, and SsMCT were constructed into the vector pINT4 respctively, then transformed into tobacco through the leaf disc method mediated by Agrobacterium. And finally, 18 of AtMCT, 20 of ThMCT and 38 of SsMCT transgenic lines were obtained, repectively.
3) Some transgenic lines of three genes were validated by molecular methods. PCR, Southern and Northern blotting confirmed that the three genes had been integrated into tobacco genomes and had transcripted normally.The translation was tested by Western blotting. Signals were shown in the three kinds of transgenic plants when Western blotting was done using the full protein. However, when Western blotting was done mainly using the soluble protein, only the AtMCT transgenic plants showed signals.
4) After treated with the different concentration solution, the content of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I released by tobaccos were measured by GCMS. Only the AtMCT transgenic a12 line enhanced the content of CH3X than wild type, about 100 times. The others showed almost the same level as the wild type.
5) Treated the AtMCT transgenic plants and wild type plants with root-knot nematodes, the AtMCT transgene plant showed enhanced nematode resistance.
Chapter 2: The functional analysis of LsNHXs genes from Limonium sinense
The tonoplast Na+/H+ antiportor, very usefull for plant stress tolerance, can use the H+ gradient as driving force built by tonoplat H+-ATPase and H+-PPase to sequestrate Na+ into the vacuole to eliminate Na+ toxic effect, also it is related to PH regulation, vesicle transport, vacuolar development, and protein sorting. Vacuole, is not only a material storage organelle, under certain physiological conditions, in specific cell types, or at determined developmental stages, the vacuole participates in the export of a variety of solutes ranging from simple sugars and organic acids to amino acids and mineral ions.
The early observations of electromicroscope also found that the salt-secreting cells of Limonium contained numerous and well-defined mitochondria and were rich in endoplasmic reticulum, but lacked a conspicuous large central vacuole. Instead, the cells contained a series of smaller“vacuole-like”membrane vesicles, many of which were seen in close proximity to the cell membrane. More important, the tonoplast of the“vacuole-like”vesicles often appeared to fuse with the plasmalemma in agreement with a vesicle-mediated secretion process. So it is speculated that the Na+/H+ antiportor may be related to the salt secretion. Therefore, the LsHNXs genes were cloned in this study, and their function was studied by RNAi.
The main results were shown as follows:
1) The conservative sequences of three LsHNXs genes (LsHNX1, LsHNX2, and LsHNX3), and the 3’-terminal specific sequences of LsHNX2 and LsHNX3, were cloned by RT-PCR and 3’-RACE.
2) The plant RNAi vectors were constructed and the transformation of Limonium sinense was done. The RNAi lines of three single-genes and one double-gene were obtained and were propogated rapidly for the molecular and the stress tolerance analysis.
3) To be compared with wild type, the Na+ and K+ contents secreted by the leaves of LsNHX1 transgenic plants were remarkably higher. The Na+ and K+ contents in leaf were little higher and the ratio of K+/Na+ was almost the same as that of wild type.
4) To be compared with wild type, the Na+ content secreted by the leaves of LsNHX2 transgenic plants was little lower, and the K+ content was remarkably lower. The Na+ content in leaf was little higher than wild type, while the K+ content and the ratio of K+/Na+ were reduced.
5) To be compared with wild type, the Na+ and K+ contents secreted by the leaves of LsNHX3 transgenic plants were higher. The Na+ and K+ contents in leaf were little higher, and the ratio of K+/Na+ was not significantly different than wild type.
6) To be compared with wild type, the Na+ content secreted by the leaves of the two genes co-RNAi plants was higher, and the K+ content was not remarkable different. The Na+ content in leaf was little higher, while the K+ content and the ratio of K+/Na+ were lower.
It was shown from the above results that LsNHX1, LsNHX2 and LsNHX3 act on different ways. LsNHX2 may locate on the vesicle, and may affect the salt secretion of Limonium sinense by vesicle trafficking, while LsNHX1 and LsNHX3 may locate on the center vacuole, and sequestrate Na+ into vacuole.
The main innovations of this research:
1. We firstly cloned ThMCT and SsMCT genes form the halophyte, Thellungiella halophila and Suaeda salsa, respectively, and carried out the detailed analysis of their sequences.
2. Through the genetic engineering, the transgenic tobacco could emit CH3Br spontaneously and duratively, so that could substitute CH3Br in soil fumigation. This alternative technology for methyl bromide is original.
3. Three members of LsHNXs gene family (LsHNX1, LsHNX2, and LsHNX3) were firstly cloned and downexpressed by RNAi, respectively. We found that LsNHX1, LsNHX2 and LsNHX3 act on different ways. LsNHX2 may locate on the vesicle, and may affect the salt secretion of Limonium sinense by vesicle trafficking, while LsNHX1 and LsNHX3 may locate on the center vacuole, and sequestrate Na+ into vacuole.
甲基溴是在全球被广泛采用的一种熏蒸杀虫剂,但是,甲基溴对臭氧层和环境有破坏作用。国际组织呼吁尽快淘汰甲基溴,因此,甲基溴替代技术的开发迫在眉睫。
卤代甲烷的生物合成由以下酶促反应完成:SAM(S-腺苷甲硫氨酸)+ X-(Cl-,Br-,I-)→CH3X + S-adenosylhomocysteine(S-腺苷高半胱氨酸),反应由一种甲基转移酶(methyl chloride transferase MCT)催化完成。本实验克隆了来源于甜土植物—拟南芥及来源于盐生植物—盐芥和盐地碱蓬的MCT基因AtMCT(AtHOL)、ThMCT和SsMCT。通过基因工程手段将这三个基因转入烟草,实现基因的过量表达。
土壤甲基溴熏蒸的目标在于杀死具有较高耐药性的病源物的孢子或其他休眠形式,熏蒸所需浓度高,这也是造成环境污染的原因。通过转基因手段,赋予转基因烟草微量、持续产生甲基溴的能力,病源物侵染时可直接对其作用,从而替代甲基溴土壤熏蒸。此技术在国内外尚属首创。
主要实验结果如下:
1)利用RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆获得ThMCT和SsMCT基因的全长序列。ThMCT基因全长923 bp,开放阅读框为681 bp,共编码226个氨基酸,蛋白分子量约为25.1 KD。SsMCT基因全长1094 bp,开放阅读框为699 bp,共编码232个氨基酸,蛋白分子量约为25.8 KD。
2)将AtMCT、ThMCT和SsMCT的全长ORF构建到植物双元表达载体pINT4中,用农杆菌介导的叶圆盘法转化烟草,分别获得了18个AtMCT、20个ThMCT和38个SsMCT基因独立的转化株系。
3)对转基因植株进行分子鉴定。PCR分析、Southern和Northern杂交结果表明外源基因已整合进烟草的基因组中并正常转录。用总蛋白作Western杂交,三种转基因植株均有杂交信号。但是如果主要用可溶性蛋白作Western杂交,则只有AtMCT转基因植株有杂交信号,而ThMCT和SsMCT转基因植株均没有杂交信号。
4)用不同浓度的处理液处理野生型和转基因烟草,用气/质联用仪测定其CH3Cl、CH3Br和CH3I的释放量。AtMCT转基因植株a12三种气体的释放量明显高于野生型对照,是对照的100倍左右,而ThMCT和SsMCT转基因植株的释放量和对照差异不明显。
5)对AtMCT转基因植株a12和野生型植株接种线虫,在施加Br-,增加底物的情况下,AtMCT转基因植株提高了对线虫的抗性。
第二章中华补血草LsNHXs基因的功能研究
液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白与植物耐逆密切相关,它利用液泡膜H+-ATPase及H+-PPase泵H+产生的驱动力把Na+区隔化入液泡中以消除Na+的毒害,除此之外,液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白还与PH调节、囊泡运输、液泡的发育以及蛋白质分选有关。液泡不仅是一个物质储存细胞器,在特定的生理条件下,某些植物细胞的液泡可参与矿质离子、简单糖类、有机酸和氨基酸等物质的运输。
早期的电镜观察发现,补血草盐腺分泌细胞内有大量的线粒体和丰富的内质网,缺少清晰的中央大液泡,但细胞内有许多液泡样的小囊泡,小囊泡大部分都靠近细胞质膜且经常出现与质膜的融合,推测囊泡运输参与了补血草的泌盐过程。由此推测补血草液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白LsNHXs将对补血草的泌盐产生一定的影响。因此,本实验克隆了LsNHXs基因,并利用RNAi技术对其功能进行了研究。
主要实验结果如下:
1)采用RT-PCR和3’-RACE方法从补血草中克隆获得LsNHXs基因家族三个成员LsNHX1、LsNHX2和LsNHX3的保守区序列以及LsNHX2和LsNHX3的3’端特异序列。
2)构建植物基因RNAi沉默表达载体并转化补血草,获得三个单基因和一个双基因的RNAi沉默表达植株,快繁转基因植株供分子鉴定和耐逆分析。
3)LsNHX1转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+、K+离子含量比野生型对照显著增加;叶组织内Na+离子含量和K+离子含量均略高,但差异不显著;K+/Na+比没有显著差异。
4)LsNHX2转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+离子含量比野生型对照有所下降,但差异不显著;K+离子含量比对照显著降低。LsNHX2转基因植株叶组织内Na+离子含量略高,但差异不显著;K+离子含量和K+/Na+比均降低。
5)LsNHX3转基因植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+离子含量比对照增加,但差异不显著,K+离子含量比对照增加,在400 mM NaCl条件下达到显著差异;叶组织内Na+离子含量和K+离子含量均略高;K+/Na+比没有显著差异。
6)LsNHX1+LsNHX2双基因沉默植株叶片表面分泌物中的Na+离子含量比野生型对照增加,K+离子含量与野生型对照相比没有显著差异。转基因植株叶中Na+离子含量略高,但差异不显著;转基因植株叶中K+离子含量及K+/Na+比均降低。
以上结果表明,LsNHX1、LsNHX2和LsNHX3的作用机制不同。LsNHX2可能定位于小囊泡上,沉默表达后,区隔化的Na+离子含量降低,导致通过囊泡运输分泌的Na+离子含量降低。LsNHX1和LsNHX3可能定位于中央大液泡上,主要负责Na+的区隔化;沉默表达后,液泡中区隔化的Na+离子含量降低,胞质中的Na+离子含量增加,刺激盐腺泌盐,导致叶片分泌的Na+离子含量增加。
本研究的主要创新点:
1.首次克隆了盐生植物—盐芥、盐地碱蓬的卤代甲烷甲基转移酶基因ThMCT和SsMCT,并对其序列特征进行了详细的分析。
2.通过过量表达卤代甲烷甲基转移酶基因,提高转基因烟草释放甲基溴的能力,使转基因烟草微量、持续产生甲基溴,从而替代甲基溴土壤熏蒸。此技术在国内外尚属首创。
3.首次克隆了补血草的液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白LsNHXs基因家族三个成员LsNHX1、LsNHX2和LsNHX3的部分序列,并将这三个基因分别作了RNAi沉默表达。研究发现LsNHX1、LsNHX2、LsNHX3的作用机制不同。LsNHX2可能定位于小囊泡上,通过囊泡运输对补血草的泌盐起一定的作用,而LsNHX1和LsNHX3可能定位于中央大液泡上,主要负责Na+的区隔化。
Chapter 1: Transformation of tobacco with MCT gene
Methyl bromide is one kind of highly effective fumigant used widely in the whole world, but it plays the destructive effect to the ozone layer and the environment. So methyl bromide was appealed to be eliminated by the International Organization as soon as possible. The development of alternative technologies for methyl bromide is imminent.
The methyl halide is biosynthesized by an enzymatic reaction: SAM + X- (Cl-, Br-, I-)→CH3X + S-adenosylhomocysteine. This reaction is catalyzed by one kind of methyl transferase (methyl chloride transferase MCT). We cloned AtMCT (AtHOL, from glycophyte- Arabidopsis), ThMCT (from halophyte-Thellungiella halophila), and SsMCT (from halophyte - Suaeda salsa) and overexpressed them in tobacco, respectively.
The use of methyl bromide in soil fumigation is to kill pathogens. Pathogens exist as spores or other dormant forms with the absence of host plants and they have high resistance, so high concentration of methyl bromide is required while fumigating. This is likely the main reason of the environmental pollution. If the transgenic tobaccos can generate methyl bromide spontaneously and duratively, and methyl bromide can play a direct role to the pathogens when plants are infecting. This alternative technology for methyl bromide is original.
The main results were shown as follows:
1) The full length sequences of ThMCT and SsMCT were obtained through RT-PCR and RACE. ThMCT gene, 923 bp, has an ORF of 681 bp, encoding 226 aa, and the molecular weight of it’s protein is approximately 25.1 kD. SsMCT gene, 1094 bp, has an ORF of 699 bp, encoding 232 aa, and the molecular weight of it’s protein is approximately 25.8 kD.
2) The ORFs of AtMCT, ThMCT, and SsMCT were constructed into the vector pINT4 respctively, then transformed into tobacco through the leaf disc method mediated by Agrobacterium. And finally, 18 of AtMCT, 20 of ThMCT and 38 of SsMCT transgenic lines were obtained, repectively.
3) Some transgenic lines of three genes were validated by molecular methods. PCR, Southern and Northern blotting confirmed that the three genes had been integrated into tobacco genomes and had transcripted normally.The translation was tested by Western blotting. Signals were shown in the three kinds of transgenic plants when Western blotting was done using the full protein. However, when Western blotting was done mainly using the soluble protein, only the AtMCT transgenic plants showed signals.
4) After treated with the different concentration solution, the content of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I released by tobaccos were measured by GCMS. Only the AtMCT transgenic a12 line enhanced the content of CH3X than wild type, about 100 times. The others showed almost the same level as the wild type.
5) Treated the AtMCT transgenic plants and wild type plants with root-knot nematodes, the AtMCT transgene plant showed enhanced nematode resistance.
Chapter 2: The functional analysis of LsNHXs genes from Limonium sinense
The tonoplast Na+/H+ antiportor, very usefull for plant stress tolerance, can use the H+ gradient as driving force built by tonoplat H+-ATPase and H+-PPase to sequestrate Na+ into the vacuole to eliminate Na+ toxic effect, also it is related to PH regulation, vesicle transport, vacuolar development, and protein sorting. Vacuole, is not only a material storage organelle, under certain physiological conditions, in specific cell types, or at determined developmental stages, the vacuole participates in the export of a variety of solutes ranging from simple sugars and organic acids to amino acids and mineral ions.
The early observations of electromicroscope also found that the salt-secreting cells of Limonium contained numerous and well-defined mitochondria and were rich in endoplasmic reticulum, but lacked a conspicuous large central vacuole. Instead, the cells contained a series of smaller“vacuole-like”membrane vesicles, many of which were seen in close proximity to the cell membrane. More important, the tonoplast of the“vacuole-like”vesicles often appeared to fuse with the plasmalemma in agreement with a vesicle-mediated secretion process. So it is speculated that the Na+/H+ antiportor may be related to the salt secretion. Therefore, the LsHNXs genes were cloned in this study, and their function was studied by RNAi.
The main results were shown as follows:
1) The conservative sequences of three LsHNXs genes (LsHNX1, LsHNX2, and LsHNX3), and the 3’-terminal specific sequences of LsHNX2 and LsHNX3, were cloned by RT-PCR and 3’-RACE.
2) The plant RNAi vectors were constructed and the transformation of Limonium sinense was done. The RNAi lines of three single-genes and one double-gene were obtained and were propogated rapidly for the molecular and the stress tolerance analysis.
3) To be compared with wild type, the Na+ and K+ contents secreted by the leaves of LsNHX1 transgenic plants were remarkably higher. The Na+ and K+ contents in leaf were little higher and the ratio of K+/Na+ was almost the same as that of wild type.
4) To be compared with wild type, the Na+ content secreted by the leaves of LsNHX2 transgenic plants was little lower, and the K+ content was remarkably lower. The Na+ content in leaf was little higher than wild type, while the K+ content and the ratio of K+/Na+ were reduced.
5) To be compared with wild type, the Na+ and K+ contents secreted by the leaves of LsNHX3 transgenic plants were higher. The Na+ and K+ contents in leaf were little higher, and the ratio of K+/Na+ was not significantly different than wild type.
6) To be compared with wild type, the Na+ content secreted by the leaves of the two genes co-RNAi plants was higher, and the K+ content was not remarkable different. The Na+ content in leaf was little higher, while the K+ content and the ratio of K+/Na+ were lower.
It was shown from the above results that LsNHX1, LsNHX2 and LsNHX3 act on different ways. LsNHX2 may locate on the vesicle, and may affect the salt secretion of Limonium sinense by vesicle trafficking, while LsNHX1 and LsNHX3 may locate on the center vacuole, and sequestrate Na+ into vacuole.
The main innovations of this research:
1. We firstly cloned ThMCT and SsMCT genes form the halophyte, Thellungiella halophila and Suaeda salsa, respectively, and carried out the detailed analysis of their sequences.
2. Through the genetic engineering, the transgenic tobacco could emit CH3Br spontaneously and duratively, so that could substitute CH3Br in soil fumigation. This alternative technology for methyl bromide is original.
3. Three members of LsHNXs gene family (LsHNX1, LsHNX2, and LsHNX3) were firstly cloned and downexpressed by RNAi, respectively. We found that LsNHX1, LsNHX2 and LsNHX3 act on different ways. LsNHX2 may locate on the vesicle, and may affect the salt secretion of Limonium sinense by vesicle trafficking, while LsNHX1 and LsNHX3 may locate on the center vacuole, and sequestrate Na+ into vacuole.
引文
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