多模式下水泥流通加工中心选址研究
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摘要
经济的快速增长,拉动水泥需求量的增加,各水泥企业纷纷扩大生产规模、建设新的水泥企业,出现了选址混乱无序竞争的现象。本文基于区位理论,提出建设水泥流通加工中心,将水泥产品生产的连续过程离散为熟料生产和成品水泥生产两部分的思路,并对实际情况中多模式下水泥流通加工中心的选址进行系统研究。
单水泥流通加工中心选址,首先运用运输规划模型量化水泥物流费用、熟料物流费用和混合材物流费用,进行初步选址,然后运用MDHGF集成模型,对选址初步方案进行综合比选确定最终方案。多水泥流通加工中心选址,以流通加工中心建设投资与物流费用最小为目标函数,以水泥产量、混合材供应量、水泥需求量为变量,建立了混合整数规划模型,并给出贪婪取走算法。论文应用上述模型阐述了多人合作建设多水泥流通加工中心选址的必然性,并采用Shapley值对该选址分担的物流费用进行了公平的分配。
论文将各选址模型应用于东北局部区域进行验证,结论符合某大型水泥企业战略发展规划以及国家产业政策,为企业进行水泥流通加工中心选址与合作选址提供了科学合理的决策依据。
Owing to the specific characters of concrete production, much more attention should be paid to the concrete factories positioning. By construction of cement circulating processing center, the paper divides the continuous concrete production process into two segments: cement clinker production and concrete production. Cement clinker production is at the mine and the concrete production is in the circulating processing center. The construction site of cement clinker production is mainly determined by the sources of raw materials, while the positioning of concrete circulating processing center is influenced by multi-factors and needs scientific and reasonable decisions, for it directly determines the logistics performance.
Since the concrete possesses such traits as heavy weight, big volume and low value, the proportion of logistics cost is high in the concrete cost, from 30% up to 50% or even higher. Reasonably and scientifically choosing the position of concrete circulating processing center, we can make reasonable choice on transportation method, to avoid indirect transportation and convection transportation, to reduce invalidation transportation and to deduct logistics cost efficiently. Based on the enterprise's behave, the paper investigates how to choose the position of concrete circulating processing center from different aspects. The main harvest and working process are as follows.
Through literary review and field survey, the paper introduces the national production ability of cement clinker and concrete production in 2008, analyzes the serious situation resulted from the unreasonable positioning of the concrete enterprises in a local area. The paper also introduces the concrete production ability and demand in northeastern region. It is necessary to construct new concrete circulating processing centers or reconstruct middle/small concrete factories into concrete circulating processing centers to meet the short supply situation resulted from the demand increasing and washing out small factories in order to meet the market requirement.
The paper briefly summarizes J.H. Von Thunen's agriculture location theory, Alfred Weber's industrial location theory, T. Palander and M. Hoover's location theory and A. Losch's marketing location theory, and classifies concrete material into omnipresence and local material according to the local theory principles. In accordance with the different weight transferring situations of the local material, we confirm that the main material of producing concrete, limestone, is the weight lost material. And the concrete additive material is basically omnipresence and theoretically supporting the positioning of concrete circulating processing center. The paper divides the continuous production process of concrete into two segments: cement clinker production and concrete production, and divides the concrete production logistics into cement clinker production logistics and concrete production logistics, which provides theoretical support for the construction and positioning of concrete circulating processing center. The paper demonstrates the models and the functions of concrete circulating processing center, especially the practical significance of the construction of concrete circulating processing center.
The paper constructs the appraising model of positioning single concrete circulating processing center by combining the qualitative and quantitative methods. The positioning of concrete circulating processing center is a multi-objective programming with economics principle coming first. The objective function is lowest logistics cost according to the concrete natural characters, and the restrict conditions are as follows: production ability of concrete circulating processing center, supply ability of mixed material, and the concrete demand. Through quantitative calculation of concrete logistics cost, cement clinker logistics cost and mixture material logistics cost, the primary positioning of single concrete circulating processing center is finished. Based on the primary positioning, together with the MDHGF integrated model, the single concrete circulating processing center is appraised and final positioning is made. The model of positioning is also applied for a big scale concrete enterprises' single concrete circulating processing center in northeastern China and the result is accordant.
The paper constructs the positioning model of multi-concrete circulating processing center through a Mixed integer programming method. For the model is NP program, the method of greedy algorithm is applied and the result is satisfied. The paper also validates the MDHGF model by positioning a big scale concrete enterprises' multi-concrete circulating processing center in northeastern China and the result is accordant. This proves that the model and arithmetic are scientific and reliable.
Because there is not only one concrete enterprise in a region, it is in fact a positioning program of cooperation or competition based on multi-behavior of many people. Finally it is cooperation. The paper raises multi-behavior positioning model of concrete circulating processing center and also the way of saving logistics cost and how to share profit. The model is applied in a local area in the northeast and reliable.
The paper's highlight is as follows:
(1 )Based on industrial location theory, the paper puts forward a pioneer thinking of optimizing logistics system by construction concrete circulating processing center and dividing the concrete production process into cement clinker production and concrete production, and also studies the multi-behavior positioning model concrete circulating processing center in reality.
(2)Divide single concrete circulating processing center into two steps: roughly positioning single concrete circulating processing center by quantitative method, applying MDHGF integrated model evaluating positioning. By separating positioning single concrete circulating processing center into steps, it makes calculating more efficient and results more reliable.
(3)For the program of positioning of multi-concrete circulating processing center, the objective function is min (construction cost+ logistics cost). Founded model of mix integral planning and raised greedy algorithm. The advantage of the model is it can calculate the numbers of the concrete circulating processing center and location, and also can assign concrete demand position, cement clinker supply station mixed material factories to the new concrete circulating processing center. The calculation method is simple but it can fit requirement.
(4)Taking fair Shapley value (potential value), sharing the logistics cost saved by multi-people cooperation constructing concrete circulating processing center, the assigning planning is fair, reasonable, and considers all parties profit.
(5)The paper applies the model into validating, the results of the validating fits the big enterprises' strategic planning and national industry policy. The paper raises scientific and reasonable decision gist for northeast local area constructing concrete circulating processing center. The cooperated multi-concrete processing center profit assign method can promote multi-cooperation. The paper supports reduction of numbers of concrete factories, increasing scales of the factories.
单水泥流通加工中心选址,首先运用运输规划模型量化水泥物流费用、熟料物流费用和混合材物流费用,进行初步选址,然后运用MDHGF集成模型,对选址初步方案进行综合比选确定最终方案。多水泥流通加工中心选址,以流通加工中心建设投资与物流费用最小为目标函数,以水泥产量、混合材供应量、水泥需求量为变量,建立了混合整数规划模型,并给出贪婪取走算法。论文应用上述模型阐述了多人合作建设多水泥流通加工中心选址的必然性,并采用Shapley值对该选址分担的物流费用进行了公平的分配。
论文将各选址模型应用于东北局部区域进行验证,结论符合某大型水泥企业战略发展规划以及国家产业政策,为企业进行水泥流通加工中心选址与合作选址提供了科学合理的决策依据。
Owing to the specific characters of concrete production, much more attention should be paid to the concrete factories positioning. By construction of cement circulating processing center, the paper divides the continuous concrete production process into two segments: cement clinker production and concrete production. Cement clinker production is at the mine and the concrete production is in the circulating processing center. The construction site of cement clinker production is mainly determined by the sources of raw materials, while the positioning of concrete circulating processing center is influenced by multi-factors and needs scientific and reasonable decisions, for it directly determines the logistics performance.
Since the concrete possesses such traits as heavy weight, big volume and low value, the proportion of logistics cost is high in the concrete cost, from 30% up to 50% or even higher. Reasonably and scientifically choosing the position of concrete circulating processing center, we can make reasonable choice on transportation method, to avoid indirect transportation and convection transportation, to reduce invalidation transportation and to deduct logistics cost efficiently. Based on the enterprise's behave, the paper investigates how to choose the position of concrete circulating processing center from different aspects. The main harvest and working process are as follows.
Through literary review and field survey, the paper introduces the national production ability of cement clinker and concrete production in 2008, analyzes the serious situation resulted from the unreasonable positioning of the concrete enterprises in a local area. The paper also introduces the concrete production ability and demand in northeastern region. It is necessary to construct new concrete circulating processing centers or reconstruct middle/small concrete factories into concrete circulating processing centers to meet the short supply situation resulted from the demand increasing and washing out small factories in order to meet the market requirement.
The paper briefly summarizes J.H. Von Thunen's agriculture location theory, Alfred Weber's industrial location theory, T. Palander and M. Hoover's location theory and A. Losch's marketing location theory, and classifies concrete material into omnipresence and local material according to the local theory principles. In accordance with the different weight transferring situations of the local material, we confirm that the main material of producing concrete, limestone, is the weight lost material. And the concrete additive material is basically omnipresence and theoretically supporting the positioning of concrete circulating processing center. The paper divides the continuous production process of concrete into two segments: cement clinker production and concrete production, and divides the concrete production logistics into cement clinker production logistics and concrete production logistics, which provides theoretical support for the construction and positioning of concrete circulating processing center. The paper demonstrates the models and the functions of concrete circulating processing center, especially the practical significance of the construction of concrete circulating processing center.
The paper constructs the appraising model of positioning single concrete circulating processing center by combining the qualitative and quantitative methods. The positioning of concrete circulating processing center is a multi-objective programming with economics principle coming first. The objective function is lowest logistics cost according to the concrete natural characters, and the restrict conditions are as follows: production ability of concrete circulating processing center, supply ability of mixed material, and the concrete demand. Through quantitative calculation of concrete logistics cost, cement clinker logistics cost and mixture material logistics cost, the primary positioning of single concrete circulating processing center is finished. Based on the primary positioning, together with the MDHGF integrated model, the single concrete circulating processing center is appraised and final positioning is made. The model of positioning is also applied for a big scale concrete enterprises' single concrete circulating processing center in northeastern China and the result is accordant.
The paper constructs the positioning model of multi-concrete circulating processing center through a Mixed integer programming method. For the model is NP program, the method of greedy algorithm is applied and the result is satisfied. The paper also validates the MDHGF model by positioning a big scale concrete enterprises' multi-concrete circulating processing center in northeastern China and the result is accordant. This proves that the model and arithmetic are scientific and reliable.
Because there is not only one concrete enterprise in a region, it is in fact a positioning program of cooperation or competition based on multi-behavior of many people. Finally it is cooperation. The paper raises multi-behavior positioning model of concrete circulating processing center and also the way of saving logistics cost and how to share profit. The model is applied in a local area in the northeast and reliable.
The paper's highlight is as follows:
(1 )Based on industrial location theory, the paper puts forward a pioneer thinking of optimizing logistics system by construction concrete circulating processing center and dividing the concrete production process into cement clinker production and concrete production, and also studies the multi-behavior positioning model concrete circulating processing center in reality.
(2)Divide single concrete circulating processing center into two steps: roughly positioning single concrete circulating processing center by quantitative method, applying MDHGF integrated model evaluating positioning. By separating positioning single concrete circulating processing center into steps, it makes calculating more efficient and results more reliable.
(3)For the program of positioning of multi-concrete circulating processing center, the objective function is min (construction cost+ logistics cost). Founded model of mix integral planning and raised greedy algorithm. The advantage of the model is it can calculate the numbers of the concrete circulating processing center and location, and also can assign concrete demand position, cement clinker supply station mixed material factories to the new concrete circulating processing center. The calculation method is simple but it can fit requirement.
(4)Taking fair Shapley value (potential value), sharing the logistics cost saved by multi-people cooperation constructing concrete circulating processing center, the assigning planning is fair, reasonable, and considers all parties profit.
(5)The paper applies the model into validating, the results of the validating fits the big enterprises' strategic planning and national industry policy. The paper raises scientific and reasonable decision gist for northeast local area constructing concrete circulating processing center. The cooperated multi-concrete processing center profit assign method can promote multi-cooperation. The paper supports reduction of numbers of concrete factories, increasing scales of the factories.
引文
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