京津冀都市圈县域经济功能定位研究
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摘要
党的十六大把“发展壮大县域经济”作为全面建设小康社会的一项重要任务鲜明地提了出来。解决“三农”问题,全面建设小康社会,实现中国特色社会主义现代化,最艰巨、最繁重,也是最关键的任务在县域发展问题上。县域是城乡结合部,从行政管理层次的经济交流、科技传导、政令贯通、信息传播、人口流动、社会影响来看,县域都能起着承上启下的作用。并且从经济发展、社会进步、政治稳定、环境保护和民风教化等角度看,县域是整个国家的基础,是涵盖广大农村的区域经济,是统筹城乡经济发展的重要环节,在我国国民经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位和作用。种种迹象和现实也表明,中国经济在向城市经济侧重近20年后,正进入向县域经济侧重的阶段转换,县域经济大发展将成为中国改革开放以来经济发展的第三个阶段性特征。
京津冀都市圈作为中国经济增长“第三极”,是环渤海区域的核心,其经济发展滞后的原因一直以来都是理论界研究的焦点,这个问题的答案也不止一个,但有一点却是共同的,区域内城市各自为战,自成体系,以京津为核心的城市群系统整合放大功能未得到充分释放。特别是都市圈内县域经济在区域经济发展中的功能与长三角、珠三角的差距更大。县域作为城市发展的腹地,在经济发展中起着越来越重要的作用,而环京津地带大量贫困县的存在,造成了京津冀地区“发达的城市、落后的腹地”这一罕见的经济现象,这与都市圈发展的步伐是不协调的。因此,协调县域与中心城市之间、县与县之间的发展成为京津冀地区目前面临的重要经济问题。为了更好的发展县域经济,促进区域经济协调发展,就需要对县域功能进行全面定位,统筹安排经济社会资源,明确其发展方向与发展目标。
本文以区域经济理论和县域经济理论为指导,以京津冀都市圈经济发展现状为基础,对县域经济进行了全面、系统的研究。首先分析了京津冀都市圈县域经济发展现状,继而对其所处的内外部环境进行分析;然后对京津冀区域产业结构布局进行了深入分析,得出了县域产业优势与存在的问题;接着从时间特征、空间特征和发展速度等方面探讨了县域经济间的差异;最后,根据京津冀都市圈县域经济的普遍性和特殊性,设计了京津冀都市圈县域经济综合评价指标体系,比较系统、全面的反映了京津冀都市圈内县域经济发展的内涵,并运用因子分析法和聚类分析法来测度京津冀都市圈县域经济发展水平和差异性,并结合其发展的速度对116个县(市、区)进行了分类,包括上升型经济发达县、稳定型经济发达县、上升型中等发展县、滞长型经济发展县和相对下降型落后县。
为了更加深入的了解京津冀县域经济,本文对市域经济与县域经济进行关联研究。首先概述了县域经济在京津冀都市圈经济发展中的作用和地位。然后着重研究了市域经济与县域经济之间的关系,运用灰色关联度法,计算出市域经济与县域经济各指标的耦合关联度,以揭示出市域经济与县域经济的耦合机理,探寻推动县域经济发展的主导驱动力。研究分析发现,京津冀都市圈市域经济与县域经济耦合不仅表现在各自要素相互作用的交错性和复杂性上,在时空发展上也有一定阶段性和区域性。在京津冀市域与县域经济耦合过程中,不同区域在各指标上的关联度差异很大,经济较发达地区并不意味市域与县域经济能够达到协调联动发展。然后分析了京津冀各市对县域经济的作用强度,并利用引力模型计算出市域经济作用半径。北京、天津作为京津冀都市圈的核心城市,其辐射能力较强,但由于各行政区既有协作,又存在竞争,且受制度因素的制约,使其对边远落后地区辐射强度很小。河北省的唐山辐射范围较大,但与京津相比仍有很大差距,而河北省其他区域的经济辐射能力均较弱,尤其是承德、张家口经济发展水平比较落后,且受山地阻隔,交通、信息联系较少,市域经济扩散辐射强度很弱,这也是这一地区经济落后,且存在大量贫困县的一方面原因。最后,本文结合理论分析,立足实证研究,对京津冀县域经济功能进行了全面定位。
"Development and Expansion of the County Economy" is put forward clearly in the 16th National Party Congress as an important task of building a well-off society. The development of county economy is the most important, most complex and key task on Solving the "three agriculture" issue, comprehensively building a well-off society and realizing socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics. So called "the county region " is the junction for the city and town. In the view of administration management, county region play an transferring role in economy communication, science transition, administration unblocking, information dissemination, population emigration as well as society influence. Above all, from the view of economy development, society advancement, political stable, environment protection, education of mass style and so on, county is the basic of the whole nation. And it is the regional economy covering the vast rural areas, is the important part overall planing urban and rural economic development, and playing an important role in developing China’s national economic. All signs and realities also show that China's economy is getting into toward the stage of laying particular emphasis on county area economy, after having laid particular emphasis on urban economy for 20 years. The county area economic development greatly will become the third stage characteristic of China’s economic development after the reform and opening policy.
As the "third pole" of China's economic growth, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area is the core of economical area around the Bohai Sea. The reasons of its economic development laging behind has been the focus of research in theoretical circles. The answer to this question is more than one, but one thing is a common, which is that those city only develop itself and have no coordination mechanism, and the integration and amplification function of city group have not been fully released. In particular, the county economic function in the regional economic development have a greater gap than Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. As the hinterland of urban development, county ecnomy in economic development plays more and more important role, but large number of poverty-stricken counties is presence around Beijing-Tianjin area, which result this rare economic phenomenon of "the developed cities, the backward hinterland" in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and is incompatible with the pace of metropolitan area development. Therefore, it is the major economic problem Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region facing currently to coordinate development with the county and the central city and the different county. In order to develop county economy better and promote regional economic development, we need to orientate county economic functions , overall plan economic and social resources and make the development direction and goals.
Under the regional economic theory and county economic theory and based on the economic development status quo of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area, This paper researched county economy completely and systemicly. Firstly, analysised the county economic development status quo of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area and its inside and outside environment. And then, researched the industrial structure and layout of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and found the advantages and existing problems of the county industry. Following, this paper discussed the differences between the county economy with the characteristics of time, space and the pace of development. Finally, according to the universality and particularity of the county economic development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area, designed the synthetic evaluation index system of county economic, which can reflected county economic development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area systematicly and comprehensively. And then used factor analysis and cluster analysis to measure the level and differences of county economic development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area, and combined with the speed of development classified it’s 116 counties (cities, districts), including the rising economy developed counties, stable economy developed counties, the rising middle-developing counties, the economic stagnation developing counties and relative declining counties.
In order to more in-depth understanding of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei county economy, the paper researched correlation degree between urban economy and county economy. At first, summarized that the county economy played the role and status in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic development. And then emphatically studied the correlation degree between urban economy and county economy. And grey relation degree was used in the paper, in order to calculate the coupling correlation degree of the indices of urban economy and county economy, reveal the coupling mechanism and explore the leading driving force that promote county economic development. The research result showed that the interaction of elements were not only interleaving and complexity, but also were stage and regionality on the development of time and space. In coupling process of city and county economy in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, in the different area , the correlation degree of each index is very different, and the more developed region is not meaning that the urban economy and the county economy can not develop coordinately. Then the paper analysised the function intension of the city to county, and used the gravity model to calculate the action radius of urban economy. As the core city in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area, Beijing and Tianjin have the more radiate ability. However, because of collaboration and competition both existing in this region and plusing system factors limited, Beijing and Tianjin have very little radiation ability to remote backward areas. Tangshan, Hebei Province can be able to radiate larger scope, but there is still a big gap comparing with Beijing and Tianjin. In other regions of Hebei Province, economic radiation capacity are weak, especially in Chengde and Zhangjiakou. In this region, economic development level is relatively backward, and addition to the mountain barrier and traffic, information contact less, so that county accept radiation difficultly from urban economy This is also the reason that region economy is backwardness and there are a lot of poverty-stricken counties. Finally, combinated with theoretical analysis and based on empirical research, the paper orientate county economic functions of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area.
京津冀都市圈作为中国经济增长“第三极”,是环渤海区域的核心,其经济发展滞后的原因一直以来都是理论界研究的焦点,这个问题的答案也不止一个,但有一点却是共同的,区域内城市各自为战,自成体系,以京津为核心的城市群系统整合放大功能未得到充分释放。特别是都市圈内县域经济在区域经济发展中的功能与长三角、珠三角的差距更大。县域作为城市发展的腹地,在经济发展中起着越来越重要的作用,而环京津地带大量贫困县的存在,造成了京津冀地区“发达的城市、落后的腹地”这一罕见的经济现象,这与都市圈发展的步伐是不协调的。因此,协调县域与中心城市之间、县与县之间的发展成为京津冀地区目前面临的重要经济问题。为了更好的发展县域经济,促进区域经济协调发展,就需要对县域功能进行全面定位,统筹安排经济社会资源,明确其发展方向与发展目标。
本文以区域经济理论和县域经济理论为指导,以京津冀都市圈经济发展现状为基础,对县域经济进行了全面、系统的研究。首先分析了京津冀都市圈县域经济发展现状,继而对其所处的内外部环境进行分析;然后对京津冀区域产业结构布局进行了深入分析,得出了县域产业优势与存在的问题;接着从时间特征、空间特征和发展速度等方面探讨了县域经济间的差异;最后,根据京津冀都市圈县域经济的普遍性和特殊性,设计了京津冀都市圈县域经济综合评价指标体系,比较系统、全面的反映了京津冀都市圈内县域经济发展的内涵,并运用因子分析法和聚类分析法来测度京津冀都市圈县域经济发展水平和差异性,并结合其发展的速度对116个县(市、区)进行了分类,包括上升型经济发达县、稳定型经济发达县、上升型中等发展县、滞长型经济发展县和相对下降型落后县。
为了更加深入的了解京津冀县域经济,本文对市域经济与县域经济进行关联研究。首先概述了县域经济在京津冀都市圈经济发展中的作用和地位。然后着重研究了市域经济与县域经济之间的关系,运用灰色关联度法,计算出市域经济与县域经济各指标的耦合关联度,以揭示出市域经济与县域经济的耦合机理,探寻推动县域经济发展的主导驱动力。研究分析发现,京津冀都市圈市域经济与县域经济耦合不仅表现在各自要素相互作用的交错性和复杂性上,在时空发展上也有一定阶段性和区域性。在京津冀市域与县域经济耦合过程中,不同区域在各指标上的关联度差异很大,经济较发达地区并不意味市域与县域经济能够达到协调联动发展。然后分析了京津冀各市对县域经济的作用强度,并利用引力模型计算出市域经济作用半径。北京、天津作为京津冀都市圈的核心城市,其辐射能力较强,但由于各行政区既有协作,又存在竞争,且受制度因素的制约,使其对边远落后地区辐射强度很小。河北省的唐山辐射范围较大,但与京津相比仍有很大差距,而河北省其他区域的经济辐射能力均较弱,尤其是承德、张家口经济发展水平比较落后,且受山地阻隔,交通、信息联系较少,市域经济扩散辐射强度很弱,这也是这一地区经济落后,且存在大量贫困县的一方面原因。最后,本文结合理论分析,立足实证研究,对京津冀县域经济功能进行了全面定位。
"Development and Expansion of the County Economy" is put forward clearly in the 16th National Party Congress as an important task of building a well-off society. The development of county economy is the most important, most complex and key task on Solving the "three agriculture" issue, comprehensively building a well-off society and realizing socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics. So called "the county region " is the junction for the city and town. In the view of administration management, county region play an transferring role in economy communication, science transition, administration unblocking, information dissemination, population emigration as well as society influence. Above all, from the view of economy development, society advancement, political stable, environment protection, education of mass style and so on, county is the basic of the whole nation. And it is the regional economy covering the vast rural areas, is the important part overall planing urban and rural economic development, and playing an important role in developing China’s national economic. All signs and realities also show that China's economy is getting into toward the stage of laying particular emphasis on county area economy, after having laid particular emphasis on urban economy for 20 years. The county area economic development greatly will become the third stage characteristic of China’s economic development after the reform and opening policy.
As the "third pole" of China's economic growth, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area is the core of economical area around the Bohai Sea. The reasons of its economic development laging behind has been the focus of research in theoretical circles. The answer to this question is more than one, but one thing is a common, which is that those city only develop itself and have no coordination mechanism, and the integration and amplification function of city group have not been fully released. In particular, the county economic function in the regional economic development have a greater gap than Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. As the hinterland of urban development, county ecnomy in economic development plays more and more important role, but large number of poverty-stricken counties is presence around Beijing-Tianjin area, which result this rare economic phenomenon of "the developed cities, the backward hinterland" in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and is incompatible with the pace of metropolitan area development. Therefore, it is the major economic problem Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region facing currently to coordinate development with the county and the central city and the different county. In order to develop county economy better and promote regional economic development, we need to orientate county economic functions , overall plan economic and social resources and make the development direction and goals.
Under the regional economic theory and county economic theory and based on the economic development status quo of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area, This paper researched county economy completely and systemicly. Firstly, analysised the county economic development status quo of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area and its inside and outside environment. And then, researched the industrial structure and layout of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and found the advantages and existing problems of the county industry. Following, this paper discussed the differences between the county economy with the characteristics of time, space and the pace of development. Finally, according to the universality and particularity of the county economic development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area, designed the synthetic evaluation index system of county economic, which can reflected county economic development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area systematicly and comprehensively. And then used factor analysis and cluster analysis to measure the level and differences of county economic development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Area, and combined with the speed of development classified it’s 116 counties (cities, districts), including the rising economy developed counties, stable economy developed counties, the rising middle-developing counties, the economic stagnation developing counties and relative declining counties.
In order to more in-depth understanding of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei county economy, the paper researched correlation degree between urban economy and county economy. At first, summarized that the county economy played the role and status in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei economic development. And then emphatically studied the correlation degree between urban economy and county economy. And grey relation degree was used in the paper, in order to calculate the coupling correlation degree of the indices of urban economy and county economy, reveal the coupling mechanism and explore the leading driving force that promote county economic development. The research result showed that the interaction of elements were not only interleaving and complexity, but also were stage and regionality on the development of time and space. In coupling process of city and county economy in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, in the different area , the correlation degree of each index is very different, and the more developed region is not meaning that the urban economy and the county economy can not develop coordinately. Then the paper analysised the function intension of the city to county, and used the gravity model to calculate the action radius of urban economy. As the core city in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area, Beijing and Tianjin have the more radiate ability. However, because of collaboration and competition both existing in this region and plusing system factors limited, Beijing and Tianjin have very little radiation ability to remote backward areas. Tangshan, Hebei Province can be able to radiate larger scope, but there is still a big gap comparing with Beijing and Tianjin. In other regions of Hebei Province, economic radiation capacity are weak, especially in Chengde and Zhangjiakou. In this region, economic development level is relatively backward, and addition to the mountain barrier and traffic, information contact less, so that county accept radiation difficultly from urban economy This is also the reason that region economy is backwardness and there are a lot of poverty-stricken counties. Finally, combinated with theoretical analysis and based on empirical research, the paper orientate county economic functions of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area.
引文
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