产业集群网络创新机制与能力培育研究
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摘要
从网络视角来看,产业集群是一种特殊的网络模式,是一个由企业、政府部门、高校、科研院所、金融机构、中介机构等多种主体构成的网络体系,它具有更加完整的行为主体,集群网络内与网络间的联系也更加紧密。
本文借鉴产业经济学、经济社会学、技术创新理论、区域创新网络理论、复杂系统、知识管理等多学科理论和方法,吸收相关学科的国内外最新研究成果,采取理论与实践相结合、定性与定量相结合、宏观分析与微观分析相结合、静态分析和动态分析相结合、概念模型与数理模型相结合的研究方法,探求产业集群网络创新机制与能力培育。
本文构建了产业集群网络的三维动态研究框架,从企业、政府、高校、金融机构、中介机构等行为主体的协同性构成的结构维,知识扩散平台、竞争机制和激励机制构成的机制维,产业集群网络结构优势带来的内源性动力和激发性动力构成的动力维出发,深入系统研究产业集群网络创新机制与能力培育。
本文的主要研究内容及结论为:
1.产业集群的网络结构及作用机制研究。将产业集群网络划分为核心网络、辅助网络、外部网络,分别研究了在集群网络创新中的作用机制。其中,集群企业构成产业网络的核心,大学与科研机构、政府部门、金融机构、中介机构则构成了产业集群的辅助网络,区域创新系统及全球产业网络构成了产业集群的外部网络,探讨了产业集群与区域创新系统联系与耦合。同时描述了产业集群体现出的生产网络、知识网络、社会网络特征。
2.产业集群的知识创新扩散与溢出效应。在分析知识的隐含性、不完全外部性和有限交流性的基础上,研究了产业集群网络的复杂性结构及对扩散的影响。从社会资本、知识创新扩散机制等角度研究了产业集群知识创新扩散的影响机理。在产业集群中知识溢出效应方面,分别研究了知识溢出源、知识溢出的传导路径、知识溢出的载体与途径。
3.产业集群的竞争力及其评价。探讨网络结构对产业集群竞争力优势的正面和负面影响,并设计产业集群竞争力评价指标体系,采用模糊综合评判方法进行定量描述。
4.研究了产业集群升级机制,如升级动力机制、价值获取机制和升级路径等。提出中国的产业集群在造就了“中国制造”的国际竞争力后,亟需提升技术创新能力与绩效以实现从低成本集群向创新集群的转变,建设与完善产业集群网络创新机制是实现这一转变的重要途径。
5.产业集群网络创新能力培育。提出了产业集群能力的三个关键决定要素,即商业模式、知识存量与增量、技能形成等。研究了集群创新政策与政府作用机制,分析了中国产业集群发展面临的主要问题,提出了产业集群发展中加强政府作用的对策建议。
From the network perspective, industry cluster is a special kind of network system which includes enterprises, governments, universities, research institutes, and financial institutions. It has complete actors and there are close connections between the cluster inner-networks and inter-networks.
In this paper, some of the theory such as industrial economics, economic sociology, complex systems, technological innovation theory, regional innovation network theory, knowledge management, and other multi-disciplinary theories and methods are used. There are close integration such as theory and practice, qualitative and quantitative, macro and micro analysis, static analysis and dynamic analysis, mathematical models and concept model, to explore innovative mechanisms in industrial cluster networks and capacity development.
This paper established a three-dimensional dynamic research framework network of industrial clusters. The synergy of enterprises and governments, colleges and universities, financial institutions, intermediaries and other actors is the structure dimension. The knowledge diffusion, the mechanism of competition and incentive mechanisms for the dynamic interaction platform is the mechanism dimension. Endogenous force and stimulating force from the advantages of industrial clusters network structure is the dynamic dimension. From the three dimensions, network innovative mechanisms and capacity development, and technology innovation, industrial clusters upgrading with the global networks are deeply analyzed.
The main content and conclusions of the study are as follows:
1. Industrial clusters of network structure and mechanism. Industrial Cluster network will be divided into the core network, support network and external networks and their operation mechanism are respectively studied. The enterprises constitute the core nodes of industry cluster networks. Universities and research institutes, governments and financial institutions, intermediaries will constitute a support network of industrial clusters. Regional innovation system and global industry network are the external networks. At the same time, the features of cluster such as production networks, knowledge networks, social network are described.
2. Knowledge diffusion of spillover effects of industrial clusters. Based on the knowledge features of implicit, not entirely externality and limited communication, the impact of cluster network structure on the knowledge diffusion is studied. From the perspective of social capital, knowledge diffusion mechanisms, knowledge diffusion effect mechanism of the industrial clusters are analyzed. In the knowledge spillover effect of industrial clusters, the source of knowledge spillovers, knowledge spillovers path are studied.
3. The competitiveness of industrial clusters and its evaluation. Positive and negative effects of network structure on the competitive advantages are proposed. In the same time, cluster competitiveness evaluation index system and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods are described.
4. Upgrading of industrial clusters mechanisms, such as upgrading dynamic mechanism and value access mechanisms. China should upgrade technical innovation capability and performance to transform low-cost clusters to the innovative clusters to improve international competitiveness.
5. Cultivation of industrial clusters networks capability. There are three key decision factors for the industrial clusters capacity, i.e. business model, stock and incremental of knowledge, skills formation. Innovation policies and government operation mechanisms are analyzed. In the end, some policy proposals are proposed.
本文借鉴产业经济学、经济社会学、技术创新理论、区域创新网络理论、复杂系统、知识管理等多学科理论和方法,吸收相关学科的国内外最新研究成果,采取理论与实践相结合、定性与定量相结合、宏观分析与微观分析相结合、静态分析和动态分析相结合、概念模型与数理模型相结合的研究方法,探求产业集群网络创新机制与能力培育。
本文构建了产业集群网络的三维动态研究框架,从企业、政府、高校、金融机构、中介机构等行为主体的协同性构成的结构维,知识扩散平台、竞争机制和激励机制构成的机制维,产业集群网络结构优势带来的内源性动力和激发性动力构成的动力维出发,深入系统研究产业集群网络创新机制与能力培育。
本文的主要研究内容及结论为:
1.产业集群的网络结构及作用机制研究。将产业集群网络划分为核心网络、辅助网络、外部网络,分别研究了在集群网络创新中的作用机制。其中,集群企业构成产业网络的核心,大学与科研机构、政府部门、金融机构、中介机构则构成了产业集群的辅助网络,区域创新系统及全球产业网络构成了产业集群的外部网络,探讨了产业集群与区域创新系统联系与耦合。同时描述了产业集群体现出的生产网络、知识网络、社会网络特征。
2.产业集群的知识创新扩散与溢出效应。在分析知识的隐含性、不完全外部性和有限交流性的基础上,研究了产业集群网络的复杂性结构及对扩散的影响。从社会资本、知识创新扩散机制等角度研究了产业集群知识创新扩散的影响机理。在产业集群中知识溢出效应方面,分别研究了知识溢出源、知识溢出的传导路径、知识溢出的载体与途径。
3.产业集群的竞争力及其评价。探讨网络结构对产业集群竞争力优势的正面和负面影响,并设计产业集群竞争力评价指标体系,采用模糊综合评判方法进行定量描述。
4.研究了产业集群升级机制,如升级动力机制、价值获取机制和升级路径等。提出中国的产业集群在造就了“中国制造”的国际竞争力后,亟需提升技术创新能力与绩效以实现从低成本集群向创新集群的转变,建设与完善产业集群网络创新机制是实现这一转变的重要途径。
5.产业集群网络创新能力培育。提出了产业集群能力的三个关键决定要素,即商业模式、知识存量与增量、技能形成等。研究了集群创新政策与政府作用机制,分析了中国产业集群发展面临的主要问题,提出了产业集群发展中加强政府作用的对策建议。
From the network perspective, industry cluster is a special kind of network system which includes enterprises, governments, universities, research institutes, and financial institutions. It has complete actors and there are close connections between the cluster inner-networks and inter-networks.
In this paper, some of the theory such as industrial economics, economic sociology, complex systems, technological innovation theory, regional innovation network theory, knowledge management, and other multi-disciplinary theories and methods are used. There are close integration such as theory and practice, qualitative and quantitative, macro and micro analysis, static analysis and dynamic analysis, mathematical models and concept model, to explore innovative mechanisms in industrial cluster networks and capacity development.
This paper established a three-dimensional dynamic research framework network of industrial clusters. The synergy of enterprises and governments, colleges and universities, financial institutions, intermediaries and other actors is the structure dimension. The knowledge diffusion, the mechanism of competition and incentive mechanisms for the dynamic interaction platform is the mechanism dimension. Endogenous force and stimulating force from the advantages of industrial clusters network structure is the dynamic dimension. From the three dimensions, network innovative mechanisms and capacity development, and technology innovation, industrial clusters upgrading with the global networks are deeply analyzed.
The main content and conclusions of the study are as follows:
1. Industrial clusters of network structure and mechanism. Industrial Cluster network will be divided into the core network, support network and external networks and their operation mechanism are respectively studied. The enterprises constitute the core nodes of industry cluster networks. Universities and research institutes, governments and financial institutions, intermediaries will constitute a support network of industrial clusters. Regional innovation system and global industry network are the external networks. At the same time, the features of cluster such as production networks, knowledge networks, social network are described.
2. Knowledge diffusion of spillover effects of industrial clusters. Based on the knowledge features of implicit, not entirely externality and limited communication, the impact of cluster network structure on the knowledge diffusion is studied. From the perspective of social capital, knowledge diffusion mechanisms, knowledge diffusion effect mechanism of the industrial clusters are analyzed. In the knowledge spillover effect of industrial clusters, the source of knowledge spillovers, knowledge spillovers path are studied.
3. The competitiveness of industrial clusters and its evaluation. Positive and negative effects of network structure on the competitive advantages are proposed. In the same time, cluster competitiveness evaluation index system and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods are described.
4. Upgrading of industrial clusters mechanisms, such as upgrading dynamic mechanism and value access mechanisms. China should upgrade technical innovation capability and performance to transform low-cost clusters to the innovative clusters to improve international competitiveness.
5. Cultivation of industrial clusters networks capability. There are three key decision factors for the industrial clusters capacity, i.e. business model, stock and incremental of knowledge, skills formation. Innovation policies and government operation mechanisms are analyzed. In the end, some policy proposals are proposed.
引文
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