电器电弧运动机理及图像处理的研究
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摘要
低压开关电器在开关负载电路时,电器触头间产生开关电弧,而电器的触头是完成切换功能的关键部件,是决定低压电器电寿命的主要因素。除触头设计要素起着重要的作用外,低压电器中电弧运动过程对分析电器的分断能力、电寿命以及电器是否发生故障起着相当重要的作用。要提高低压电器产品的可靠性,就必须研究各种因素对电弧运动过程的影响,以及从燃弧到灭弧整个过程的动态变化。由于开关电弧燃弧时间极短,不适合直接观察分析。因此开关电弧燃弧过程的可视化研究,对深入理解燃弧机理、分析电弧特性,为改进触头材料、改善电器结构设计、提高电器性能和提高产品可靠性提供支持。
双目立体视觉主要研究运用两个摄像机对同一景物从不同位置拍摄成像,并根据几何原理实现如何三维场景的恢复。随着计算机技术的快速发展,双目立体视觉成为了计算机视觉领域的一个研究热点并被广泛的应用于智能机器人、生产自动化、医学等很多领域。因此开展本课题的研究工作具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
在分析已有的开关电弧可视化的基础上,提出了基于双CCD电弧动态过程的图像采集,研究了电弧动态过程的三维可视化技术。首先,双目立体视觉电弧图像采集系统硬件建立和软件设计;其次,研究了由高速双CCD器件采集的电弧图像处理,主要是对电弧图像的噪声消除和图像增强,如:触头和灭弧室等弱特征的增强方法。其中,在进行图像降噪处理时,论文中运用了一种新型的层次映射算法,有效地提升了信噪比。第三,提出了基于支持向量机高斯核SVM的电弧图像边缘检测方法,采用径向基RBF核函数,引入拉格郎日Lagrange函数分类,构造了一种新的边缘检测模型;最后,为了进一步提高图像匹配精度,对一种全局最优的基于遗传算法的立体匹配进行了改进,提出了自适应遗传退火立体匹配算法(GASA),从而获得清晰准确的电弧轮廓,取得了更为优化的匹配效果。立体匹配后,进而对物体进行三维重建,最后用OpenGL可视化输出。利用该电弧图像采集系统,可以看到立体电弧运动过程,对深入研究电弧的运动机理提出了新的分析方法和手段。
Switching arc will be engender in contact gap when contact of low voltage apparatus close or break in electric circuit. However, Contact is the key components of completing the electrical switching function, which is the key factor to expectancy of the components. In addition to the design of the contact plays an important role, the low-voltage electrical arc in the process of movement on the breaking capacity appliances, electronics, life expectancy and whether the failure plays a very important role. To improve the reliability of low-voltage electrical products, we must study various factors affecting the process of arc movement, and from the burning arc interrupter to the whole process of dynamic change. Since the time of switching arc burning is very short, it is not suitable for direct observation analysis. Therefore, the visual research of switch arc burning provide support of understanding the mechanism of arc characteristics, improving contact materials, the electrical structural design, electrical performance and improving the reliability of their products. Binocular stereo vision major studies on the use of the same scene from a different location filming imaging and in accordance with principles of how to achieve three-dimensional geometry of the scene resumed with two cameras. With the rapid development of computer technology, binocular stereo vision become a field of computer vision research focus and is widely used in the intelligent robot, production automation, medical, and many other areas. Therefore this subject in the study has important theoretical and practical value.
Binocular stereo vision major studies on the use of the same scene from a different location filming imaging and in accordance with principles of how to achieve three-dimensional geometry of the scene resumed with two cameras. With the rapid development of computer technology, binocular stereo vision become a field of computer vision research focus and is widely used in the intelligent robot, production automation, medical, and many other areas. Therefore this subject in the study has important theoretical and practical value. Collecting images based on dual-CCD arc dynamic process is proposed on the basis of, the analysis of the switch visual arc, and three-dimensional visualization technology is studied here. First, the hardware of the arc image sampling system is improved design; Secondly, the main research of the arc image processing by the high-speed dual-CCD device acquisition, including the elimination of the noise arc image, image enhancement such as: contact, interrupter, and other characteristics of the weak enhancement, image arc edge detection, matching three-dimensional, three-dimensional reconstruction, and other key technologies have been studied. A new level mapping function of the noise reduction is adopted, with the image of the noise reduction accessing to different scales and in the direction of the threshold. An edge detection method based on the Gaussian nuclear SVM is proposed by using radial basis function (also known as the kernel RBF), and LaGrange function (Lagrange function) classification is the introduced, a new edge detection model is constructed. At the same time in order to further improve the image matching accuracy, the overall situation of a genetic algorithm based on the best match of the three-dimensional algorithm is improved, and the adaptive genetic annealing stereo matching algorithm (GASA) is proposed. By using this method, the outline of the arc is received clearly and accurately, which with good matching result. After three-dimensional matching, then three-dimensional reconstruction of objects, using openGL visualization of output finally. Using of the arc image sampling system, we can see three-dimensional arc movement, in-depth study of the movement arc of a new analysis methods and means.
双目立体视觉主要研究运用两个摄像机对同一景物从不同位置拍摄成像,并根据几何原理实现如何三维场景的恢复。随着计算机技术的快速发展,双目立体视觉成为了计算机视觉领域的一个研究热点并被广泛的应用于智能机器人、生产自动化、医学等很多领域。因此开展本课题的研究工作具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
在分析已有的开关电弧可视化的基础上,提出了基于双CCD电弧动态过程的图像采集,研究了电弧动态过程的三维可视化技术。首先,双目立体视觉电弧图像采集系统硬件建立和软件设计;其次,研究了由高速双CCD器件采集的电弧图像处理,主要是对电弧图像的噪声消除和图像增强,如:触头和灭弧室等弱特征的增强方法。其中,在进行图像降噪处理时,论文中运用了一种新型的层次映射算法,有效地提升了信噪比。第三,提出了基于支持向量机高斯核SVM的电弧图像边缘检测方法,采用径向基RBF核函数,引入拉格郎日Lagrange函数分类,构造了一种新的边缘检测模型;最后,为了进一步提高图像匹配精度,对一种全局最优的基于遗传算法的立体匹配进行了改进,提出了自适应遗传退火立体匹配算法(GASA),从而获得清晰准确的电弧轮廓,取得了更为优化的匹配效果。立体匹配后,进而对物体进行三维重建,最后用OpenGL可视化输出。利用该电弧图像采集系统,可以看到立体电弧运动过程,对深入研究电弧的运动机理提出了新的分析方法和手段。
Switching arc will be engender in contact gap when contact of low voltage apparatus close or break in electric circuit. However, Contact is the key components of completing the electrical switching function, which is the key factor to expectancy of the components. In addition to the design of the contact plays an important role, the low-voltage electrical arc in the process of movement on the breaking capacity appliances, electronics, life expectancy and whether the failure plays a very important role. To improve the reliability of low-voltage electrical products, we must study various factors affecting the process of arc movement, and from the burning arc interrupter to the whole process of dynamic change. Since the time of switching arc burning is very short, it is not suitable for direct observation analysis. Therefore, the visual research of switch arc burning provide support of understanding the mechanism of arc characteristics, improving contact materials, the electrical structural design, electrical performance and improving the reliability of their products. Binocular stereo vision major studies on the use of the same scene from a different location filming imaging and in accordance with principles of how to achieve three-dimensional geometry of the scene resumed with two cameras. With the rapid development of computer technology, binocular stereo vision become a field of computer vision research focus and is widely used in the intelligent robot, production automation, medical, and many other areas. Therefore this subject in the study has important theoretical and practical value.
Binocular stereo vision major studies on the use of the same scene from a different location filming imaging and in accordance with principles of how to achieve three-dimensional geometry of the scene resumed with two cameras. With the rapid development of computer technology, binocular stereo vision become a field of computer vision research focus and is widely used in the intelligent robot, production automation, medical, and many other areas. Therefore this subject in the study has important theoretical and practical value. Collecting images based on dual-CCD arc dynamic process is proposed on the basis of, the analysis of the switch visual arc, and three-dimensional visualization technology is studied here. First, the hardware of the arc image sampling system is improved design; Secondly, the main research of the arc image processing by the high-speed dual-CCD device acquisition, including the elimination of the noise arc image, image enhancement such as: contact, interrupter, and other characteristics of the weak enhancement, image arc edge detection, matching three-dimensional, three-dimensional reconstruction, and other key technologies have been studied. A new level mapping function of the noise reduction is adopted, with the image of the noise reduction accessing to different scales and in the direction of the threshold. An edge detection method based on the Gaussian nuclear SVM is proposed by using radial basis function (also known as the kernel RBF), and LaGrange function (Lagrange function) classification is the introduced, a new edge detection model is constructed. At the same time in order to further improve the image matching accuracy, the overall situation of a genetic algorithm based on the best match of the three-dimensional algorithm is improved, and the adaptive genetic annealing stereo matching algorithm (GASA) is proposed. By using this method, the outline of the arc is received clearly and accurately, which with good matching result. After three-dimensional matching, then three-dimensional reconstruction of objects, using openGL visualization of output finally. Using of the arc image sampling system, we can see three-dimensional arc movement, in-depth study of the movement arc of a new analysis methods and means.
引文
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