酒泉盆地石大凹陷岩性油气藏识别及预测
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摘要
随着油气勘探的快速发展,明显的构造油气藏已经得到很大程度的发现。目前,世界油气储量增长的绝大部分来自于老油田的挖潜,而挖潜的有利目标就是过去勘探难以确定的具有隐蔽性的目标。在老油田外围开展隐蔽性油气藏勘探是近期油气勘探发展的趋势。而岩性油气藏是隐蔽性油气藏的主要类型。而且,随着油气勘探程度的不断提高,地层-岩性油气藏的数量所占比例越来越大,在中国石油最近几年年增探明储量中,岩性油气藏所占比例2003年达到55%,逐渐成为中国石油新增储量的主要类型。
石大凹陷位于酒泉盆地酒西坳陷东部,是一个小型东断西超的箕状断陷,面积约1300km2。石大凹陷中大红圈凹陷区勘探程度较低。石北凹陷隐蔽油藏勘探虽有显示,但未形成一定的储量规模。第三次资源评价表明它们都有大的地质储量,但对其勘探认识远远不够,主要表现在:凹陷内隐蔽油藏的主控因素及油气富集规律认识不清;储集砂体的展布特征认识不清;潜在隐蔽性目标勘探不明。前人几乎没有在该区的进行岩性油气藏研究,该区构造背景复杂,地震资料品质差,岩性-地层油气藏具有多样性、复杂性和隐蔽性等特点,因此预测该区岩性油气藏分布规律难度较大。
针对上述情况,论文首先对石大凹陷重点勘探区域目的层进行精细构造解释和成图,对石大凹陷断裂构造特征有了新的认识;以层序地层学理论为指导,建立等时地层格架;在等时地层格架内开展了白垩系赤金堡组沉积体系及沉积相的研究。论文在层序地层学和坡折带理论的指导下,结合断陷盆地的地质特征,总结了构造坡折对岩性油气藏类型及分布规律的控制作用;首次论述了构造坡折带对石大凹陷内沉积相带分异、砂体类型分布的控制作用;明确了石大凹陷下白垩统的主要油气藏类型为水下扇岩性油气藏。以地震、测井、地质一体化研究为手段,以单扇体的精细刻划为核心,明确了该区主要勘探领域为Ⅱ级和III级坡折带近岸水下扇,并发现了三个目标扇体。论文综合运用地震相、地震属性、三维可视化、烃类检测等技术方法,对凹陷内有利区带及目标体做了进一步分析,从多角度开展岩性圈闭识别和岩性油气藏预测研究;并结合其生-储-盖组合特征、充分利用以上技术方法,对目标扇体的物性、含油性等方面做出了综合评价,并优选出有利目标体2个,提供井位3口。
论文通过对石大凹陷内构造坡折带对岩性油气藏分布规律的控制作用的分析研究,结合地球物理预测方法,形成了一套有效识别、分析和评价岩性油气藏的方法体系,为今后类似箕状断陷盆地岩性油气藏勘探提供了方法参考。
With the fast development of oil/gas exploration, those distinct structural oil fields have been found and current increasing of oil reservoirs worldwide is mainly from those old found oil fields. Therefore, preferential targets for exploration should focus on those hidden oil fields. It is very necessary to explore hidden reservoirs in outside area of those old oil fields. Of all the proven reservoirs, lith-stratigraphic oil reservoirs are taking high proportion, with lithological reservoirs increasing to 55% in 2003. It has become a new oil type in China.
The Shida depression, located in the eastern Jiuxi depression of Jiuquan Basin, Gansu Province, with an area of 1300 km2, is a small-sized dustpan-shaped faulting depression. There is little work done in the Dahongquan depression, although the Shibei depression shows some signs of hidden oil reservoirs. Our oil/gas exploration indicated an existence of gas reservoir but not to an economic reservoir scale. The third resources evaluation showed a high occurrence of large geological reservoirs in this area, but the exploration and recognition is far from enough. Main problems are as follows: failure to understand the major oil-controlling factors and accumulation law of oil, distribution characteristics of sand bodies, and ambiguousness of hidden exploration targets. Due to the fact that almost no research has been done here, complicated geological setting, poor seismic data, variety of lith-stratigraphic oil/gas reservoir made it more difficult to predict the distribution of oil reservoirs.
In this case ,the study begins with the fine structure interpretation and mapping in the targeted area in the Shida depression and obtained some new understanding of the faulting structures. Based on the stratigraphic theory, the study established an isochronous stratigraphic framework, in which the sedimentary system and facies of Cretaceous Chijinbao Formation are carried out. Combined with the geological characteristics of faulting basin and stratigraphy, this paper summarized the impacts of structural slope break over the type of lithological oil/gas reservoirs and distribution law in the Shida depression, and firstly discussed the control of structural slope break on the sedimentary facies zone differentiation and sand body types, and defined the underwater fan lithological reservoir as a major reservoir type. By integrating seismic, logging and geological study, this study made it clear that major exploration area can be classified the second- and third-level underwater coastal slope fans, and discovered three target fans. Using seismic facies, seismic attributes, 3-D visualization, hydrocarbon detection and other techniques, this thesis further analyzed the favorable and targeted zones in the depression, conducted predictable research on identifying lithological traps and lithological reservoirs from various aspects. Combined with the features of source-reservoir-cap rocks and above mentioned technical methods, the study made a comprehensive evaluation to properties of target fans and their oiliness. Finally, this study proposed one set of effective methods to analyze, identify and assess lithological oil/gas reservoirs, and this provides a referential guide for oil/gas exploration in dustpan-shaped faulted depression basins.
石大凹陷位于酒泉盆地酒西坳陷东部,是一个小型东断西超的箕状断陷,面积约1300km2。石大凹陷中大红圈凹陷区勘探程度较低。石北凹陷隐蔽油藏勘探虽有显示,但未形成一定的储量规模。第三次资源评价表明它们都有大的地质储量,但对其勘探认识远远不够,主要表现在:凹陷内隐蔽油藏的主控因素及油气富集规律认识不清;储集砂体的展布特征认识不清;潜在隐蔽性目标勘探不明。前人几乎没有在该区的进行岩性油气藏研究,该区构造背景复杂,地震资料品质差,岩性-地层油气藏具有多样性、复杂性和隐蔽性等特点,因此预测该区岩性油气藏分布规律难度较大。
针对上述情况,论文首先对石大凹陷重点勘探区域目的层进行精细构造解释和成图,对石大凹陷断裂构造特征有了新的认识;以层序地层学理论为指导,建立等时地层格架;在等时地层格架内开展了白垩系赤金堡组沉积体系及沉积相的研究。论文在层序地层学和坡折带理论的指导下,结合断陷盆地的地质特征,总结了构造坡折对岩性油气藏类型及分布规律的控制作用;首次论述了构造坡折带对石大凹陷内沉积相带分异、砂体类型分布的控制作用;明确了石大凹陷下白垩统的主要油气藏类型为水下扇岩性油气藏。以地震、测井、地质一体化研究为手段,以单扇体的精细刻划为核心,明确了该区主要勘探领域为Ⅱ级和III级坡折带近岸水下扇,并发现了三个目标扇体。论文综合运用地震相、地震属性、三维可视化、烃类检测等技术方法,对凹陷内有利区带及目标体做了进一步分析,从多角度开展岩性圈闭识别和岩性油气藏预测研究;并结合其生-储-盖组合特征、充分利用以上技术方法,对目标扇体的物性、含油性等方面做出了综合评价,并优选出有利目标体2个,提供井位3口。
论文通过对石大凹陷内构造坡折带对岩性油气藏分布规律的控制作用的分析研究,结合地球物理预测方法,形成了一套有效识别、分析和评价岩性油气藏的方法体系,为今后类似箕状断陷盆地岩性油气藏勘探提供了方法参考。
With the fast development of oil/gas exploration, those distinct structural oil fields have been found and current increasing of oil reservoirs worldwide is mainly from those old found oil fields. Therefore, preferential targets for exploration should focus on those hidden oil fields. It is very necessary to explore hidden reservoirs in outside area of those old oil fields. Of all the proven reservoirs, lith-stratigraphic oil reservoirs are taking high proportion, with lithological reservoirs increasing to 55% in 2003. It has become a new oil type in China.
The Shida depression, located in the eastern Jiuxi depression of Jiuquan Basin, Gansu Province, with an area of 1300 km2, is a small-sized dustpan-shaped faulting depression. There is little work done in the Dahongquan depression, although the Shibei depression shows some signs of hidden oil reservoirs. Our oil/gas exploration indicated an existence of gas reservoir but not to an economic reservoir scale. The third resources evaluation showed a high occurrence of large geological reservoirs in this area, but the exploration and recognition is far from enough. Main problems are as follows: failure to understand the major oil-controlling factors and accumulation law of oil, distribution characteristics of sand bodies, and ambiguousness of hidden exploration targets. Due to the fact that almost no research has been done here, complicated geological setting, poor seismic data, variety of lith-stratigraphic oil/gas reservoir made it more difficult to predict the distribution of oil reservoirs.
In this case ,the study begins with the fine structure interpretation and mapping in the targeted area in the Shida depression and obtained some new understanding of the faulting structures. Based on the stratigraphic theory, the study established an isochronous stratigraphic framework, in which the sedimentary system and facies of Cretaceous Chijinbao Formation are carried out. Combined with the geological characteristics of faulting basin and stratigraphy, this paper summarized the impacts of structural slope break over the type of lithological oil/gas reservoirs and distribution law in the Shida depression, and firstly discussed the control of structural slope break on the sedimentary facies zone differentiation and sand body types, and defined the underwater fan lithological reservoir as a major reservoir type. By integrating seismic, logging and geological study, this study made it clear that major exploration area can be classified the second- and third-level underwater coastal slope fans, and discovered three target fans. Using seismic facies, seismic attributes, 3-D visualization, hydrocarbon detection and other techniques, this thesis further analyzed the favorable and targeted zones in the depression, conducted predictable research on identifying lithological traps and lithological reservoirs from various aspects. Combined with the features of source-reservoir-cap rocks and above mentioned technical methods, the study made a comprehensive evaluation to properties of target fans and their oiliness. Finally, this study proposed one set of effective methods to analyze, identify and assess lithological oil/gas reservoirs, and this provides a referential guide for oil/gas exploration in dustpan-shaped faulted depression basins.
引文
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