黄河口凹陷新近系层序地层及构造对沉积充填的控制作用
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摘要
黄河口凹陷是渤海湾盆地的一个次级凹陷,凹陷内油气资源丰富,是目前渤海油田重要的油气储量增长点之一,近年来,凹陷内新近系的油气勘探成果显著并越来越受到重视。论文从层序地层格架入手,深入分析层序地层以及同沉积断裂活动对沉积体系充填的控制作用,预测储集砂体的空间分布,对陆相断陷湖盆的层序地层学研究和黄河口凹陷新近系的油气勘探具有重要的理论和生产意义。
论文以经典层序地层学及陆相层序地层学最新进展为理论基础,应用地震、测井、岩芯和分析化验资料,对黄河口凹陷进行层序地层分析。在黄河口凹陷新近系与全新系划分出1个二级层序、其中新近系划分出5个三级层序。总结了该区层序界面的成因类型以及湖盆不同部位层序地层格架特征。在建立等时地层格架的基础上,对凹陷内新近系发育的主要沉积体系如辫状河、辫状河浅水三角洲、曲流平原、曲流河浅水三角洲和浅水湖泊沉积体系等进行精细分析。研究沉积体系的时空展布,总结沉积体系演化规律。
对黄河口凹陷新近系进行构造单元划分,分析了凹陷不同层位构造特征异同。新近系同沉积断裂主要分布于西北陡坡带、东北陡坡带、中央构造带、BZ33-1断隆带、东部断阶带等,根据同沉积断裂的发育活动和配置样式,总结了同沉积断裂的活动特征、组合类型,分析了同沉积断裂对沉积层序发育和砂体分布控制作用。建立起黄河口凹陷新近系陡坡带和缓坡带的沉积层序构成模式。陡坡带活动盆缘断裂控制了辫状河、曲流平原、浅水三角洲和浅水湖泊沉积体系的分布,而缓坡带活动盆缘断裂控制了曲流河及浅水三角洲沉积体系的分布。在沉积体系、体系域及构造坡折带组合特征所控制的层序型式和层序样式研究的基础上,进一步建立新近系不同时期的坡折带沉积层序充填模式。
通过成藏条件分析认为,黄河口凹陷各坡折带下控制着多种类型的构造、岩性圈闭以及构造-岩性复合圈闭。认为黄河口凹陷新近系具有优越的成藏条件,预测了新近系三种类型的有利成藏区带:即同沉积断裂的下降盘、郯庐断裂中央构造带以及东南缓坡带。
Huanghekou Depression, a secondary depression which is located in Bohai Bay Basin, contains abundant oil-gas resources and become an important growth point of oil and gas reserves in Bohai Oilfield. For the past few years, oil and gas exploration of Neogene in depression have obtained remarkable achievements and has been paid more and more attention. Therefore, the research on sequence stratigraphic framework, and tectonic control action on depositional system in syndepositional-faulted basin has great significance.
On the theoretical basis of classical sequence stratigraphy and nonmarine sequence stratigraphy’s new progression, the analysis of sequence is made in Huanghekou depression, by using 3-D seismic, log, core and other data. Neogene can be divided into one second-order sequences with Holocene and 5 third-order sequences in Huanghekou depression.The different types of sequence boundary and stratigraphy character are obtained.On the basis of establishing the isochronous stratigraphic framework, the main depositional system such as braided river, braided river shallow-water delta, meandering river, meandering river shallow-water delta,and shallow-water lacustrine are analyzed precisely.The laws of sedimentary evolution and the distribution of depositional system are studied.
The tectonic units are divided as well as the similarities and differences of structural characteristic are compared in Neogene. The synedimentary faults of Neogene distributed mainly in northwestern steep slope zones, northeastern steep slope zones, central structural zones, fault upwarping zones in BZ33-1 and eastern fault zones. Based on the development activity and combinational pattern of synedimentary faults, it’s activity character and combination type are summarized, and the control action is analyzed that synedimentary faults to sedimentary sequence development and sandbody distribution.
The formable mode of sedimentary sequence in steep slope zones and gentle slope zones are established. Active basin margin faults in steep slope zones controls the distribution of braided river, meandering river, shallow-water delta and shallow-water lacustrine, yet the faults in gentle slope zones controls the distribution of meandering river and shallow-water delta. On the basis of studing the sequence type and pattern controlled by the combination feature of depositional systems, system tracts and tectonic-break, the genetic models and basin-filling successions of different sequence types are further established.
Through analysis of reservoir forming conditions, a conclusion can be obtained that slope-break zones in Huanghekou Depression had good reasons to form potential structural traps, lithologic traps and structural-lithologic complex traps. And Neogene of Huanghekou Depression have superior reservoir forming conditions. Three types of favorable reservoir forming zones are suggested which are downthrown side of synedimentary faults, central structural zones of Tan-Lu fault zones and Southeastern gentle slope zones.
论文以经典层序地层学及陆相层序地层学最新进展为理论基础,应用地震、测井、岩芯和分析化验资料,对黄河口凹陷进行层序地层分析。在黄河口凹陷新近系与全新系划分出1个二级层序、其中新近系划分出5个三级层序。总结了该区层序界面的成因类型以及湖盆不同部位层序地层格架特征。在建立等时地层格架的基础上,对凹陷内新近系发育的主要沉积体系如辫状河、辫状河浅水三角洲、曲流平原、曲流河浅水三角洲和浅水湖泊沉积体系等进行精细分析。研究沉积体系的时空展布,总结沉积体系演化规律。
对黄河口凹陷新近系进行构造单元划分,分析了凹陷不同层位构造特征异同。新近系同沉积断裂主要分布于西北陡坡带、东北陡坡带、中央构造带、BZ33-1断隆带、东部断阶带等,根据同沉积断裂的发育活动和配置样式,总结了同沉积断裂的活动特征、组合类型,分析了同沉积断裂对沉积层序发育和砂体分布控制作用。建立起黄河口凹陷新近系陡坡带和缓坡带的沉积层序构成模式。陡坡带活动盆缘断裂控制了辫状河、曲流平原、浅水三角洲和浅水湖泊沉积体系的分布,而缓坡带活动盆缘断裂控制了曲流河及浅水三角洲沉积体系的分布。在沉积体系、体系域及构造坡折带组合特征所控制的层序型式和层序样式研究的基础上,进一步建立新近系不同时期的坡折带沉积层序充填模式。
通过成藏条件分析认为,黄河口凹陷各坡折带下控制着多种类型的构造、岩性圈闭以及构造-岩性复合圈闭。认为黄河口凹陷新近系具有优越的成藏条件,预测了新近系三种类型的有利成藏区带:即同沉积断裂的下降盘、郯庐断裂中央构造带以及东南缓坡带。
Huanghekou Depression, a secondary depression which is located in Bohai Bay Basin, contains abundant oil-gas resources and become an important growth point of oil and gas reserves in Bohai Oilfield. For the past few years, oil and gas exploration of Neogene in depression have obtained remarkable achievements and has been paid more and more attention. Therefore, the research on sequence stratigraphic framework, and tectonic control action on depositional system in syndepositional-faulted basin has great significance.
On the theoretical basis of classical sequence stratigraphy and nonmarine sequence stratigraphy’s new progression, the analysis of sequence is made in Huanghekou depression, by using 3-D seismic, log, core and other data. Neogene can be divided into one second-order sequences with Holocene and 5 third-order sequences in Huanghekou depression.The different types of sequence boundary and stratigraphy character are obtained.On the basis of establishing the isochronous stratigraphic framework, the main depositional system such as braided river, braided river shallow-water delta, meandering river, meandering river shallow-water delta,and shallow-water lacustrine are analyzed precisely.The laws of sedimentary evolution and the distribution of depositional system are studied.
The tectonic units are divided as well as the similarities and differences of structural characteristic are compared in Neogene. The synedimentary faults of Neogene distributed mainly in northwestern steep slope zones, northeastern steep slope zones, central structural zones, fault upwarping zones in BZ33-1 and eastern fault zones. Based on the development activity and combinational pattern of synedimentary faults, it’s activity character and combination type are summarized, and the control action is analyzed that synedimentary faults to sedimentary sequence development and sandbody distribution.
The formable mode of sedimentary sequence in steep slope zones and gentle slope zones are established. Active basin margin faults in steep slope zones controls the distribution of braided river, meandering river, shallow-water delta and shallow-water lacustrine, yet the faults in gentle slope zones controls the distribution of meandering river and shallow-water delta. On the basis of studing the sequence type and pattern controlled by the combination feature of depositional systems, system tracts and tectonic-break, the genetic models and basin-filling successions of different sequence types are further established.
Through analysis of reservoir forming conditions, a conclusion can be obtained that slope-break zones in Huanghekou Depression had good reasons to form potential structural traps, lithologic traps and structural-lithologic complex traps. And Neogene of Huanghekou Depression have superior reservoir forming conditions. Three types of favorable reservoir forming zones are suggested which are downthrown side of synedimentary faults, central structural zones of Tan-Lu fault zones and Southeastern gentle slope zones.
引文
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