塔河油田奥陶系油气成藏模式研究
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摘要
塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏是目前国内发现的最大的海相碳酸盐岩油藏,它是多期构造运动与古岩溶共同作用形成并以缝洞储集为主的复杂油气藏。由于油气多期注入及后期改造复杂,导致油气藏的形成演化尚不完全清楚,流体分布规律、成藏模式亦不明确,给有利区块的选择和下步勘探工作的展开造成了很大的困难。论文利用新理论和新技术,通过解剖岩溶缝洞型油气藏的油气成藏条件,研究塔河油田的油气成藏期次和模式,对研究区的深化勘探具有重要的意义。
论文利用多方法探讨了油气成藏期次,进一步恢复完善了塔河油田的油气充注成藏史,指出塔河油田现今工业性油气藏的形成是起始于海西早期、延续至喜马拉雅期的持续过程,即海西早期是塔河油田西北部艾丁地区重要的油气成藏期,而海西晚期是塔河油田主体区最重要的油气成藏期,印支—燕山期的充注也有相当贡献,喜马拉雅期的成藏作用主要表现为塔河油田东部的凝析气充注。在此基础上,进一步分析了不同成藏期的油气成藏贡献和范围。
结合地层水研究,进一步明确了流体分布规律与主控因素。本区碳酸盐岩储层分布的强非均匀性、储集空间连通关系的复杂性,以及油气充注成藏的多期次性,导致塔河油田奥陶系油气水关系极为复杂,缺乏统一的油水界面,实质上形成了多个大小不一、能量不同的油气藏。其主要控制因素包括:①储层发育程度控制了油气的平面分布;②相对独立的缝洞系统和多期次的油气成藏,造成了流体性质在平面及纵向上的较大差异;③盖层的完整性和后期的改造程度,造成了各区及区内流体性质的差异;④油气藏的分布主要受控于岩溶缝洞体在油气充注时期的连通性。
采用多项参数示踪了塔河地区奥陶系的油气运移路径与方向,尤其是结合最新的断裂解释成果,精细刻画了塔河地区奥陶系油气的优势运移通道和主要运移方向。结合断裂及不整合面的渗流条件分析,重点探讨了奥陶系碳酸盐岩的油气输导条件并评价了中下奥陶统的有利储集区带。
针对塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型油气藏的特征,建立了“奥陶系岩溶—缝洞—构造复式成藏模式”,并将研究区油气藏划分为岩溶—缝洞早期型、岩溶—缝洞叠加改造型和岩溶—缝洞晚期型等三个亚模式。
塔河油田西部斜坡中段是阿克库勒凸起海西早期规模性油气聚集最主要的地区,宜通过对海西早期油气成藏过程和特点的研究,挖掘塔河油田西部斜坡可能的油气资源潜力。海西早期原油的发现,为进一步评价西部斜坡中段海西早期的资源潜力及勘探方向提供了新的证据。
Ordovician carbonatite reservoir in the Tahe Oilfield is the largest one found in marine carbonatite reservoir currently.It's constructed by the multi-phase tectogenesis and the ancient karst,and it's a complex reservoir which dominate reservoir by fractures.Hydrocarbon Multi-period petroleum accumulation and late intensive deformation leaded to the reservoir formation and evolution.Fluid distribution and accumulation model is not yet clear,which has caused great difficulties in choosing the benefitial blocks and the further exploration work.This paper makes use of new theories,new techniques for the first time,based on in-depth analysis the conditions of the reservoir,studing the period of hydrocarbon accumulation and accumulation model of the fractured-cavernous reservoirs. This will not only have great significance to the exploration in this area, but also enrich the theory model for formation of carbonate reservoirs in the similar geologic conditions with Tahe Oilfield in the western China.
The paper employ many methods to determine the reservoirs forming stages and hydrocarbon charging history in Tahe oilfield,and point out that the formation of present industrial reservoirs is the result of the sustainable process started from early Hercynian to Himalayan period.This paper firstly points out that early Hercynian is the important hydrocarbon charging stage of Aydin area in the northwest of Tahe oilfield,while late Hercynian is the most important hydrocarbon charging stage of main body region in the Tahe oilfield,and the Indosinian-Yanshanian period also is another period for hydrocarbon charging.Condensate gas in the east of the Tahe oilfield forms in the Himalayan period.Thus this paper further clarify the contribution of different hydrocarbon charging stages to the reserve nowadays and their distribution,and further make clear the geo-fluid distribution and their controlling factors.
Distribution of oil and gas in this area is characterized by strong non-uniformity in the distribution of carbonate reservoir,the porous space complexity and their connectivity,as well as the multi-phase hydrocarbon charging,which result in oil and water complex distribution in the Tahe Oilfield Ordovician reservoirs,in details,no uniform oil-water interface occur in the the whole oilfiled.In one word,this oilfield is a composition of the oil and gas reservoirs with different sizes and different energy.Main Controlling factors are as follows:
①The degree of reservoir development controls over oil and gas distribution in the plane;②relatively independent of the fractured system,as well as the influence of multi-phase accumulation of oil and gas,causing the huge discrepancy of fluid nature in the vertical and horizontal direction;③Under the influence of the integrity of the cap, the fluid nature differences exists in all districts and regions;④controlled by the connectivity of karst cave seam during stages of hydrocarbon charging.
This paper shows the migration pathways and direction of Ordovician hydrocarbon in the Tahe Oilfield through molecular parameters of hydrocarbon.In particular,the combination of the hydrocarbon tracing research and the latest interpretation of the fractures depict the advantage migration pathway and the main direction of migration of the Ordovician reservoir in this region.A detailed analysis of the fault and the percolation condition of the unconformity are carried out on the conditions of hydrocarbon migration in Ordovician carbonate and evaluated the conditions of the Lower Ordovician favorable permeability reservoir zone.
In accordance with the characteristics of Ordovician fractured reservoirs,a " karst-fractures and cavities-double structure accumulation model" has been established for the first time,the Ordovician reservoir model can be referred to as "Ordovician karst-fractures and cavities -double structure accumulation model "and can be divided into karst - early fractured,karst-fractured Superposition and transformation,and karst -late fractured three subordination model.
This thesis has pointed out that the middle section of the western slope in the Tahe Oilfield is the most important region where the large-sized hydrocarbon accumulation in the early Hercynian period in the Akekule uplift.It is necessary to deepen understanding and re-evaluation for the Early Hercynian resources.The western slopes,extension of the Western Tahe Oilfield,has much potential for further exloration.The early Hercynian crude oil discovery suggest new clues to further evaluation the early Hercynian resource potential and exploration direction in the middle of the western slope in the Tahe Oilfield.
论文利用多方法探讨了油气成藏期次,进一步恢复完善了塔河油田的油气充注成藏史,指出塔河油田现今工业性油气藏的形成是起始于海西早期、延续至喜马拉雅期的持续过程,即海西早期是塔河油田西北部艾丁地区重要的油气成藏期,而海西晚期是塔河油田主体区最重要的油气成藏期,印支—燕山期的充注也有相当贡献,喜马拉雅期的成藏作用主要表现为塔河油田东部的凝析气充注。在此基础上,进一步分析了不同成藏期的油气成藏贡献和范围。
结合地层水研究,进一步明确了流体分布规律与主控因素。本区碳酸盐岩储层分布的强非均匀性、储集空间连通关系的复杂性,以及油气充注成藏的多期次性,导致塔河油田奥陶系油气水关系极为复杂,缺乏统一的油水界面,实质上形成了多个大小不一、能量不同的油气藏。其主要控制因素包括:①储层发育程度控制了油气的平面分布;②相对独立的缝洞系统和多期次的油气成藏,造成了流体性质在平面及纵向上的较大差异;③盖层的完整性和后期的改造程度,造成了各区及区内流体性质的差异;④油气藏的分布主要受控于岩溶缝洞体在油气充注时期的连通性。
采用多项参数示踪了塔河地区奥陶系的油气运移路径与方向,尤其是结合最新的断裂解释成果,精细刻画了塔河地区奥陶系油气的优势运移通道和主要运移方向。结合断裂及不整合面的渗流条件分析,重点探讨了奥陶系碳酸盐岩的油气输导条件并评价了中下奥陶统的有利储集区带。
针对塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型油气藏的特征,建立了“奥陶系岩溶—缝洞—构造复式成藏模式”,并将研究区油气藏划分为岩溶—缝洞早期型、岩溶—缝洞叠加改造型和岩溶—缝洞晚期型等三个亚模式。
塔河油田西部斜坡中段是阿克库勒凸起海西早期规模性油气聚集最主要的地区,宜通过对海西早期油气成藏过程和特点的研究,挖掘塔河油田西部斜坡可能的油气资源潜力。海西早期原油的发现,为进一步评价西部斜坡中段海西早期的资源潜力及勘探方向提供了新的证据。
Ordovician carbonatite reservoir in the Tahe Oilfield is the largest one found in marine carbonatite reservoir currently.It's constructed by the multi-phase tectogenesis and the ancient karst,and it's a complex reservoir which dominate reservoir by fractures.Hydrocarbon Multi-period petroleum accumulation and late intensive deformation leaded to the reservoir formation and evolution.Fluid distribution and accumulation model is not yet clear,which has caused great difficulties in choosing the benefitial blocks and the further exploration work.This paper makes use of new theories,new techniques for the first time,based on in-depth analysis the conditions of the reservoir,studing the period of hydrocarbon accumulation and accumulation model of the fractured-cavernous reservoirs. This will not only have great significance to the exploration in this area, but also enrich the theory model for formation of carbonate reservoirs in the similar geologic conditions with Tahe Oilfield in the western China.
The paper employ many methods to determine the reservoirs forming stages and hydrocarbon charging history in Tahe oilfield,and point out that the formation of present industrial reservoirs is the result of the sustainable process started from early Hercynian to Himalayan period.This paper firstly points out that early Hercynian is the important hydrocarbon charging stage of Aydin area in the northwest of Tahe oilfield,while late Hercynian is the most important hydrocarbon charging stage of main body region in the Tahe oilfield,and the Indosinian-Yanshanian period also is another period for hydrocarbon charging.Condensate gas in the east of the Tahe oilfield forms in the Himalayan period.Thus this paper further clarify the contribution of different hydrocarbon charging stages to the reserve nowadays and their distribution,and further make clear the geo-fluid distribution and their controlling factors.
Distribution of oil and gas in this area is characterized by strong non-uniformity in the distribution of carbonate reservoir,the porous space complexity and their connectivity,as well as the multi-phase hydrocarbon charging,which result in oil and water complex distribution in the Tahe Oilfield Ordovician reservoirs,in details,no uniform oil-water interface occur in the the whole oilfiled.In one word,this oilfield is a composition of the oil and gas reservoirs with different sizes and different energy.Main Controlling factors are as follows:
①The degree of reservoir development controls over oil and gas distribution in the plane;②relatively independent of the fractured system,as well as the influence of multi-phase accumulation of oil and gas,causing the huge discrepancy of fluid nature in the vertical and horizontal direction;③Under the influence of the integrity of the cap, the fluid nature differences exists in all districts and regions;④controlled by the connectivity of karst cave seam during stages of hydrocarbon charging.
This paper shows the migration pathways and direction of Ordovician hydrocarbon in the Tahe Oilfield through molecular parameters of hydrocarbon.In particular,the combination of the hydrocarbon tracing research and the latest interpretation of the fractures depict the advantage migration pathway and the main direction of migration of the Ordovician reservoir in this region.A detailed analysis of the fault and the percolation condition of the unconformity are carried out on the conditions of hydrocarbon migration in Ordovician carbonate and evaluated the conditions of the Lower Ordovician favorable permeability reservoir zone.
In accordance with the characteristics of Ordovician fractured reservoirs,a " karst-fractures and cavities-double structure accumulation model" has been established for the first time,the Ordovician reservoir model can be referred to as "Ordovician karst-fractures and cavities -double structure accumulation model "and can be divided into karst - early fractured,karst-fractured Superposition and transformation,and karst -late fractured three subordination model.
This thesis has pointed out that the middle section of the western slope in the Tahe Oilfield is the most important region where the large-sized hydrocarbon accumulation in the early Hercynian period in the Akekule uplift.It is necessary to deepen understanding and re-evaluation for the Early Hercynian resources.The western slopes,extension of the Western Tahe Oilfield,has much potential for further exloration.The early Hercynian crude oil discovery suggest new clues to further evaluation the early Hercynian resource potential and exploration direction in the middle of the western slope in the Tahe Oilfield.
引文
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