山西省繁峙县义兴寨金矿床成因矿物学研究与成矿预测
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摘要
山西省繁峙县义兴寨金矿经十多年开采,探明储量已近枯竭。本文依托全国危机矿山项目《山西省繁峙县义兴寨金矿矿产预测》(No.200714009),对该矿床的成因矿物学进行了深入研究,以期为矿区外围及深部远景预测提供依据。
该矿床处于山西陆台与燕山沉降带间构造岩浆活动带上,区内构造、岩浆活动频繁,脉岩发育,与成矿关系密切的燕山期岩浆岩为孙庄岩体。金矿体赋存于恒山杂岩中,受NW向断裂控制,产出类型以石英脉型为主,兼有石英脉-构造蚀变岩型和隐爆角砾岩型。
本文以成因矿物学为纲,分别以孙庄岩体、隐爆角砾岩和含金石英脉中的锆石、石榴子石、绿帘石、石英和黄铁矿进行形态、成分、结构以及物理性质、谱学性质的研究探讨矿床形成的物质、能量来源、矿床形成过程以及成矿预测。
对孙庄闪长岩体锆石群形态、成分及年代学研究表明,该岩体为富水、富碱质深源侵入岩,形成于中生代晚期,属早期相对氧化、晚期相对还原的结晶环境。
隐爆角砾岩体矽卡岩化过程中形成了钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石、绿帘石-斜黝帘石两个分别代表干、湿矽卡岩阶段的矿物系列。石榴子石和绿帘石环带结构是角砾岩筒中T、P、Eh、pH等物理化学条件发生过多次变化,岩浆-热液多次聚集能量-隐蔽爆破过程的体现。
石英流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体为CO2-H2O体系,液相成分主要为Na+和Cl-,均一温度介于130～380℃之间,pH:6.24～6.45、Eh:-0.8～-1.3、盐度:9.01～20.96、密度:0.84～0.87、成矿深度1.57～2.64km;晶胞参数随矿化强度的增大而增大、随成矿深度增加而降低,主成矿阶段石英热释光曲线呈双峰型、峰位集中在238～258℃和310～324℃、红外光谱结晶指数介于2～4之间, 1085cm-1半高宽值30～60cm-1, 800cm-1、780cm-1吸收强度6%～10%。
1070m～830m中段黄铁矿晶形以五角十二面体和立方体的复杂聚形为主,S/Fe >2为富铁亏硫型,微量元素以富集Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo为主要特点;主成矿阶段晶胞参数a0较大并与构造差应力对应性较好;热电系数值为0～﹣200μV·℃﹣1、N型比例70%以上,热电性标尺计算成矿温度143.3～323.3℃,与主成矿期石英的流体包裹体均一温度170～230℃、爆裂温度140～280℃相近。
稳定同位素显示,该矿床成矿热液主要为岩浆水,后期有大气水的混入,成矿物质主要来自上地幔与下地壳。结合成矿流体性质,认为义兴寨金矿床属于中低温岩浆热液型矿床。根据构造控矿规律、矿物标型研究、矿物学填图,提出义兴寨金矿区深部与近外围远景预测靶区13处(重点靶区3处),其中2处已得到实际钻孔工程验证——5#脉以南验证孔见金矿体厚度达近1米,金品位4.99g/t;河湾岩体附近验证孔见9～15m厚的钼矿体,钼品位0.05%～0.1%。
After being explored for twenty years, the proved reserve of Yi Xingzhai gold deposit is close to exhausted. Supported by t“Mineral prediction of Yi Xingzhai gold deposit in Fan Shan county, Shan Xi province”(No. 200714009), this thesis focus on genetic mineralogy in order to supply the scientific evidence for the prospective prognosis in depth and periphery.
This mine is located in the northern part of medium zone of north china craton, where tectonic movement and magmatic activities are active. The Sun Zhuang rock mass, in the south of the deposit, is related to the ore-forming genetically. The auriferous ore bodies which are controlled by the Northern west fault, are in the complex of Heng Shan Mountain. The ore type is composed by quartz vein, structural altered rock type and crypto-explosive breccia type.
The results of the morphologies, elemental components and geochronology of zircons show that Sun Zhuang body mass are water-rich, alkali deep source intrusive rock.
The hessonite-demantoid and epidote-clinozoisite represent two stages of skarnized process respectively. The zonal structure of garnet and epidote indicates that the T, P, Eh, pH et., in the crypto-explosive breccia pipe have changed with the energy accumulation or release of the magma and hydrothermal fluid.
The component in the quartz fluid inclusions is composed of CO2, H2O, Na+and Cl-.The homogeneous temperature is between 130~380℃. pH:6.24~6.45, Eh:-0.8~ -1.3, salinity: 9.01~20.96, density: 0.84~0.87 and mineralization depth: 1.57~2.64km. The cell parameters of quartz are correlated with mineralization intensity positively and with metallogenic depth negatively. The curves shape of thermoluminescence of major metallogenic stages are two-peak pattern. The curve peak locations are between 238~258℃and 310~324℃. FTIR index of quartz powder is between 2~4, the half-width of the asymmetric stretching vibrational band 1085 cm-1 and the absorption intensity of symmetric stretching vibrational band 800cm-1、780cm-1 are at the range of 30~60cm-1 and 6~10%.
The morphological characteristic of pyrite is the combination form of pentagonal dodecahedron and cube. The ratio of S/Fe is over 2 and the concentration of Co, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mo is high in pyrite. The rations of Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta are stable in pyrite of the quartz vein while unstable in the crypt-breccia pipe. The cell parameters of pyrite are correlated positively with tectonic difference stress in the main mineralization stages. The pyrelectric coefficient is at the range of 0~﹣200μV·℃﹣1, over 70% are N type. According to the computation of the thermoelectric, the mineralization temperature is 143.3~323.3℃, wihich is consistent with the fluid inclusion of quartz and shock temperature of pyrite. The fluid inclusion in pyrite are abundant, the temperature interval of explosive is between 210~282℃.
The result of stable isotope shows that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid of the deposit is magmatic fluid at early stage and incorporated some meteoric water in late. The matallogenic material comes from the border between the upper mantle and lower crust. Considering the characteristics of ore forming fluid, it is attributed to hypabyssal-medium-low temperature– magmatic hydrothermal deposit. Based on the tectonic regularity, mineralogy typmorphic characteristics, and mineralogical mapping, thirteen predicting target areas (three of them were in the first list) were proposed in depth and peripheral. Among the first list, there are 2 targets have been verified by drilling hole in field. in the south of 5#.One auferious body is approach to 1m and the gold grade is about 4.99g/t. The other verified target is a porphyritic Molybdenm near the He Wan crypto-explosive breccia pipe, and the result of explored Molybdenm mass body is that the thickness is about 9~15m, the molybdenum grade is 0.05～0.1%
该矿床处于山西陆台与燕山沉降带间构造岩浆活动带上,区内构造、岩浆活动频繁,脉岩发育,与成矿关系密切的燕山期岩浆岩为孙庄岩体。金矿体赋存于恒山杂岩中,受NW向断裂控制,产出类型以石英脉型为主,兼有石英脉-构造蚀变岩型和隐爆角砾岩型。
本文以成因矿物学为纲,分别以孙庄岩体、隐爆角砾岩和含金石英脉中的锆石、石榴子石、绿帘石、石英和黄铁矿进行形态、成分、结构以及物理性质、谱学性质的研究探讨矿床形成的物质、能量来源、矿床形成过程以及成矿预测。
对孙庄闪长岩体锆石群形态、成分及年代学研究表明,该岩体为富水、富碱质深源侵入岩,形成于中生代晚期,属早期相对氧化、晚期相对还原的结晶环境。
隐爆角砾岩体矽卡岩化过程中形成了钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石、绿帘石-斜黝帘石两个分别代表干、湿矽卡岩阶段的矿物系列。石榴子石和绿帘石环带结构是角砾岩筒中T、P、Eh、pH等物理化学条件发生过多次变化,岩浆-热液多次聚集能量-隐蔽爆破过程的体现。
石英流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体为CO2-H2O体系,液相成分主要为Na+和Cl-,均一温度介于130～380℃之间,pH:6.24～6.45、Eh:-0.8～-1.3、盐度:9.01～20.96、密度:0.84～0.87、成矿深度1.57～2.64km;晶胞参数随矿化强度的增大而增大、随成矿深度增加而降低,主成矿阶段石英热释光曲线呈双峰型、峰位集中在238～258℃和310～324℃、红外光谱结晶指数介于2～4之间, 1085cm-1半高宽值30～60cm-1, 800cm-1、780cm-1吸收强度6%～10%。
1070m～830m中段黄铁矿晶形以五角十二面体和立方体的复杂聚形为主,S/Fe >2为富铁亏硫型,微量元素以富集Co、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo为主要特点;主成矿阶段晶胞参数a0较大并与构造差应力对应性较好;热电系数值为0～﹣200μV·℃﹣1、N型比例70%以上,热电性标尺计算成矿温度143.3～323.3℃,与主成矿期石英的流体包裹体均一温度170～230℃、爆裂温度140～280℃相近。
稳定同位素显示,该矿床成矿热液主要为岩浆水,后期有大气水的混入,成矿物质主要来自上地幔与下地壳。结合成矿流体性质,认为义兴寨金矿床属于中低温岩浆热液型矿床。根据构造控矿规律、矿物标型研究、矿物学填图,提出义兴寨金矿区深部与近外围远景预测靶区13处(重点靶区3处),其中2处已得到实际钻孔工程验证——5#脉以南验证孔见金矿体厚度达近1米,金品位4.99g/t;河湾岩体附近验证孔见9～15m厚的钼矿体,钼品位0.05%～0.1%。
After being explored for twenty years, the proved reserve of Yi Xingzhai gold deposit is close to exhausted. Supported by t“Mineral prediction of Yi Xingzhai gold deposit in Fan Shan county, Shan Xi province”(No. 200714009), this thesis focus on genetic mineralogy in order to supply the scientific evidence for the prospective prognosis in depth and periphery.
This mine is located in the northern part of medium zone of north china craton, where tectonic movement and magmatic activities are active. The Sun Zhuang rock mass, in the south of the deposit, is related to the ore-forming genetically. The auriferous ore bodies which are controlled by the Northern west fault, are in the complex of Heng Shan Mountain. The ore type is composed by quartz vein, structural altered rock type and crypto-explosive breccia type.
The results of the morphologies, elemental components and geochronology of zircons show that Sun Zhuang body mass are water-rich, alkali deep source intrusive rock.
The hessonite-demantoid and epidote-clinozoisite represent two stages of skarnized process respectively. The zonal structure of garnet and epidote indicates that the T, P, Eh, pH et., in the crypto-explosive breccia pipe have changed with the energy accumulation or release of the magma and hydrothermal fluid.
The component in the quartz fluid inclusions is composed of CO2, H2O, Na+and Cl-.The homogeneous temperature is between 130~380℃. pH:6.24~6.45, Eh:-0.8~ -1.3, salinity: 9.01~20.96, density: 0.84~0.87 and mineralization depth: 1.57~2.64km. The cell parameters of quartz are correlated with mineralization intensity positively and with metallogenic depth negatively. The curves shape of thermoluminescence of major metallogenic stages are two-peak pattern. The curve peak locations are between 238~258℃and 310~324℃. FTIR index of quartz powder is between 2~4, the half-width of the asymmetric stretching vibrational band 1085 cm-1 and the absorption intensity of symmetric stretching vibrational band 800cm-1、780cm-1 are at the range of 30~60cm-1 and 6~10%.
The morphological characteristic of pyrite is the combination form of pentagonal dodecahedron and cube. The ratio of S/Fe is over 2 and the concentration of Co, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mo is high in pyrite. The rations of Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta are stable in pyrite of the quartz vein while unstable in the crypt-breccia pipe. The cell parameters of pyrite are correlated positively with tectonic difference stress in the main mineralization stages. The pyrelectric coefficient is at the range of 0~﹣200μV·℃﹣1, over 70% are N type. According to the computation of the thermoelectric, the mineralization temperature is 143.3~323.3℃, wihich is consistent with the fluid inclusion of quartz and shock temperature of pyrite. The fluid inclusion in pyrite are abundant, the temperature interval of explosive is between 210~282℃.
The result of stable isotope shows that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid of the deposit is magmatic fluid at early stage and incorporated some meteoric water in late. The matallogenic material comes from the border between the upper mantle and lower crust. Considering the characteristics of ore forming fluid, it is attributed to hypabyssal-medium-low temperature– magmatic hydrothermal deposit. Based on the tectonic regularity, mineralogy typmorphic characteristics, and mineralogical mapping, thirteen predicting target areas (three of them were in the first list) were proposed in depth and peripheral. Among the first list, there are 2 targets have been verified by drilling hole in field. in the south of 5#.One auferious body is approach to 1m and the gold grade is about 4.99g/t. The other verified target is a porphyritic Molybdenm near the He Wan crypto-explosive breccia pipe, and the result of explored Molybdenm mass body is that the thickness is about 9~15m, the molybdenum grade is 0.05～0.1%
引文
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