企业安全文化评价体系研究
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摘要
当前我国安全生产形势虽有好转但依然严峻,如何有效地减少生产安全事故,提升全民的整体安全意识,是理论界亟待解决的一个发展中的难题,更是我国社会和谐发展的迫切需要。建设企业安全文化,实现“人的本质安全”无疑为解决这一难题提供了一条根本性路径,而科学客观地评价企业安全文化,不仅是建设企业安全文化的一项基础性工作,同时也为企业安全文化建设提供了具体的目标、方向和行动指南。
基于上述观点,本文在对现有文献资料、研究成果进行深入分析研究的基础上,界定了企业安全文化的概念与范畴,基于人因失误理论构建了企业安全文化评价体系,设计了相应的评价指标体系,建立了适用的评价模型,并进行了目标企业安全文化评价的实证研究。本文的创新之处如下:
(1)从安全和文化两个维度切入,按照公共安全与生产安全、广义文化与狭义文化将安全文化的界定范围划分为4个象限,由此对学术界现有的安全文化的定义进行了归类和定位,理清了界定安全文化的4条路径;论证了安全文化应界定在公共安全和狭义文化范畴的观点,给出了本文对安全文化的具体定义,进而提出了企业安全文化概念的文化属性、安全范畴、企业边界,界定了本文对企业安全文化的定义。
(2)从人因失误理论出发,探究了复杂社会技术系统中人因失误的安全文化根源,由此创建了以企业决策层、管理层、执行层为主体的,从宏观和微观两个层面、基于时期和时点两种时间视角、外部环境和内部工作环境两种空间环境视角的企业安全文化评价体系,给出了其概念模型。
(3)针对安全文化研究领域对安全文化和安全氛围两个重要概念界定不清、混淆使用的现状,从定义、研究范围、研究视角、维度特征4个方面对二者进行了深入的对比分析,在评析现有研究成果缺陷和不足的基础上,创建了从不同层面、不同视角考察企业安全文化的两套指标体系,即企业安全文化指标体系和企业安全氛围指标体系,并给出了各指标详细的评价标准和调查方式。
(4)选择了因素重构分析法和主成分分析法作为企业安全文化的评价方法,并进行了详细的适用性论证,从建模角度深入分析了企业安全文化指标体系的特性,在此基础上,创建了因素重构分析法和主成分分析法相结合的企业安全文化评价实用模型,从而为解决企业安全文化评价中指标体系庞大繁杂、样本空间小、缺少可以直接利用的历史数据等难题给出了一条可操作的建设性路径。
Currently work safety situation is still severe, though it is improved in current China. How to reduce work safety accidents, and enhance safety consciousness of the whole people are not only difficult problems that should be urgently solved by the theory circle, but also urgent needs for the harmonious development of society in our country. Undoubtedly, constructing enterprise safety culture, and achieving inbeing safety of person provide fundamental approaches to settling these problems, while the scientific and objective assessment of enterprise safety culture is a foundation task of construction of enterprise safety culture, furthermore offers targets, directions, and action guides to constructing enterprise safety culture.
Based on the viewpoint above, with the in-depth analysis and research of the existing literature, the definition and category of enterprise safety culture are put forward; the assessment system of enterprise safety culture is established based on the human error theory; the corresponding index system is designed; the suitable evaluation model is founded; and safety culture of target enterprise is assessed practically in this dissertation. The innovation in this dissertation is as follows:
Firstly, beginning with two dimensions of safety and culture, the definition of the scope of safety culture is divided into four quadrants based on the differences between public safety and production safety, broad-sense culture and narrow-sense culture, and the definitions of safety culture existing in academe are classified and located in the four-quadrant, so four paths to define safety culture are made clear. The author demonstrates the standpoint that safety culture should be defined in category of public safety and narrow-sense culture, gives the definition of safety culture in this dissertation, then points out the culture attribute, safety category, and enterprise boundary concerning enterprise safety culture, thus defines the concept of enterprise safety culture in this dissertation.
Secondly, commencing with the human error theory, the author traces human errors back to their cultural root in the complex socio-technical system, as thus establishes the assessment system of enterprise safety culture and its conceptual model, in which decision level, management level, and execution level are principal parts, which is studied from two aspects of macroscopic and microscopic, which is described from two perspectives of period and time point, and which is discussed in two environments of external and interior.
Thirdly, it offers the in-depth contrast and analysis on safety culture and safety climate from four aspects of definition, research scope, research perspective, and dimension, for these two concepts are unclear in definition and confused on the research field of safety culture. Grounded on the analysis of the defect and deficiency of research results available, two index systems of enterprise safety culture, which are distinguished as the index system of enterprise safety culture and the index system of enterprise safety climate, are designed from different aspects and perspectives, and then the evaluation standards and the investigation methods of each index are put forward in detail.
Fourthly, factor system reconstructability analysis method (FSRA) and principal component analysis method (PCA) are chosen as the evaluation method of enterprise safety culture with the detailed demonstration on applicability of these two method; depended on the deep analysis of characteristics of enterprise safety culture index systems in the evaluation modeling perspective, the practical evaluation model of enterprise safety culture is established, which combines FSRA with PCA in use; accordingly it offers an operable and constructive path solving puzzles during the assessment of enterprise safety culture that the index systems are large and complicated, that the sample space is not large enough, and that historical data which can be directly utilized are wanting.
基于上述观点,本文在对现有文献资料、研究成果进行深入分析研究的基础上,界定了企业安全文化的概念与范畴,基于人因失误理论构建了企业安全文化评价体系,设计了相应的评价指标体系,建立了适用的评价模型,并进行了目标企业安全文化评价的实证研究。本文的创新之处如下:
(1)从安全和文化两个维度切入,按照公共安全与生产安全、广义文化与狭义文化将安全文化的界定范围划分为4个象限,由此对学术界现有的安全文化的定义进行了归类和定位,理清了界定安全文化的4条路径;论证了安全文化应界定在公共安全和狭义文化范畴的观点,给出了本文对安全文化的具体定义,进而提出了企业安全文化概念的文化属性、安全范畴、企业边界,界定了本文对企业安全文化的定义。
(2)从人因失误理论出发,探究了复杂社会技术系统中人因失误的安全文化根源,由此创建了以企业决策层、管理层、执行层为主体的,从宏观和微观两个层面、基于时期和时点两种时间视角、外部环境和内部工作环境两种空间环境视角的企业安全文化评价体系,给出了其概念模型。
(3)针对安全文化研究领域对安全文化和安全氛围两个重要概念界定不清、混淆使用的现状,从定义、研究范围、研究视角、维度特征4个方面对二者进行了深入的对比分析,在评析现有研究成果缺陷和不足的基础上,创建了从不同层面、不同视角考察企业安全文化的两套指标体系,即企业安全文化指标体系和企业安全氛围指标体系,并给出了各指标详细的评价标准和调查方式。
(4)选择了因素重构分析法和主成分分析法作为企业安全文化的评价方法,并进行了详细的适用性论证,从建模角度深入分析了企业安全文化指标体系的特性,在此基础上,创建了因素重构分析法和主成分分析法相结合的企业安全文化评价实用模型,从而为解决企业安全文化评价中指标体系庞大繁杂、样本空间小、缺少可以直接利用的历史数据等难题给出了一条可操作的建设性路径。
Currently work safety situation is still severe, though it is improved in current China. How to reduce work safety accidents, and enhance safety consciousness of the whole people are not only difficult problems that should be urgently solved by the theory circle, but also urgent needs for the harmonious development of society in our country. Undoubtedly, constructing enterprise safety culture, and achieving inbeing safety of person provide fundamental approaches to settling these problems, while the scientific and objective assessment of enterprise safety culture is a foundation task of construction of enterprise safety culture, furthermore offers targets, directions, and action guides to constructing enterprise safety culture.
Based on the viewpoint above, with the in-depth analysis and research of the existing literature, the definition and category of enterprise safety culture are put forward; the assessment system of enterprise safety culture is established based on the human error theory; the corresponding index system is designed; the suitable evaluation model is founded; and safety culture of target enterprise is assessed practically in this dissertation. The innovation in this dissertation is as follows:
Firstly, beginning with two dimensions of safety and culture, the definition of the scope of safety culture is divided into four quadrants based on the differences between public safety and production safety, broad-sense culture and narrow-sense culture, and the definitions of safety culture existing in academe are classified and located in the four-quadrant, so four paths to define safety culture are made clear. The author demonstrates the standpoint that safety culture should be defined in category of public safety and narrow-sense culture, gives the definition of safety culture in this dissertation, then points out the culture attribute, safety category, and enterprise boundary concerning enterprise safety culture, thus defines the concept of enterprise safety culture in this dissertation.
Secondly, commencing with the human error theory, the author traces human errors back to their cultural root in the complex socio-technical system, as thus establishes the assessment system of enterprise safety culture and its conceptual model, in which decision level, management level, and execution level are principal parts, which is studied from two aspects of macroscopic and microscopic, which is described from two perspectives of period and time point, and which is discussed in two environments of external and interior.
Thirdly, it offers the in-depth contrast and analysis on safety culture and safety climate from four aspects of definition, research scope, research perspective, and dimension, for these two concepts are unclear in definition and confused on the research field of safety culture. Grounded on the analysis of the defect and deficiency of research results available, two index systems of enterprise safety culture, which are distinguished as the index system of enterprise safety culture and the index system of enterprise safety climate, are designed from different aspects and perspectives, and then the evaluation standards and the investigation methods of each index are put forward in detail.
Fourthly, factor system reconstructability analysis method (FSRA) and principal component analysis method (PCA) are chosen as the evaluation method of enterprise safety culture with the detailed demonstration on applicability of these two method; depended on the deep analysis of characteristics of enterprise safety culture index systems in the evaluation modeling perspective, the practical evaluation model of enterprise safety culture is established, which combines FSRA with PCA in use; accordingly it offers an operable and constructive path solving puzzles during the assessment of enterprise safety culture that the index systems are large and complicated, that the sample space is not large enough, and that historical data which can be directly utilized are wanting.
引文
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