塔里木盆地奥陶纪台地相区牙形石及寒武—奥陶系界线
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摘要
对塔里木盆地台地相区奥陶系16条露头剖面进行了系统的牙形石样品采集,对29口钻井岩心(或岩屑)的重点层段进行了牙形石样品采集,分析了采得的共600余块样品,在奥陶系各个层段都得到数量可观的牙形石。本文系统描述了其中对生物地层划分有重要意义的27属48个牙形石关键种,建立了4个新种。基于所获得的牙形石系统资料,对塔里木盆地奥陶纪台地相区已建牙形石生物地层序列进行了清理,确定了1个牙形石组合和20个牙形石带,据新的资料对8个原有的生物地层单元作了厘定。另外,将清理后的这21个牙形石生物地层单元与国内以及全球北大西洋和北美中大陆两大生物地理区的牙形石化石序列进行对比,建立起两大生物地理区牙形石序列的直接对比关系,使塔里木盆地成为这两大生物地理区牙形石生物地层直接对比的桥梁。
把奥陶纪塔里木盆地的牙形石生物地理区的演化分为4个演化阶段,①特马豆克期泛球型属种阶段、②弗洛期到大坪期华南型和华北型混生阶段、③达瑞威尔期到桑比期中期华南型阶段以及④桑比期晚期到赫南特期华北型阶段。对这4个阶段的牙形石动物群和华北、华南同期牙形石动物群进行了详细的对比。经过对奥陶纪全球各板块古地理位置和塔里木板块周边古特提斯洋洋流情况的分析,提出塔里木板块奥陶纪牙形石动物群分区归属期次性变化是由板块运动和洋流共同作用导致的。这一观点深化了塔里木盆地奥陶纪牙形石动物群分区及类型演替的成因机理。
在已取得的牙形石生物地层研究成果的基础之上,对柯坪地区的寒武-奥陶系界线进行了碳同位素地层学研究。对乌什鹰山剖面和柯坪水泥厂剖面的寒武-奥陶系界线附近地层进行了连续而密集的碳、氧同位素采样和分析。结果表明,这两条剖面寒武-奥陶系界线附近的碳同位素组成以负δ13C值为主。其中,乌什鹰山剖面碳同位素的演化趋势表现为交替出现的4次负漂移和4次正漂移,柯坪水泥厂剖面表现为交替出现的5次负漂移和5次正漂移。在生物地层框架下,将这两条剖面的碳同位素演化趋势与国际上经典的寒武-奥陶系界线剖面①中国大阳岔剖面、②加拿大Green Point剖面(GSSP)、③澳大利亚Black Mountain剖面以及④美国Lawson Cove剖面进行了比对。基于碳同位素演化趋势的对比结果,确定了乌什鹰山剖面和柯坪水泥厂剖面的寒武-奥陶系界线,并对界线附近的地层进行了细分和对比。
The collection for conodont samples of the Ordovician was carried out in the platform facies region of the Tarim Basin. Sixteen outcrop sections were sampled systematically and 29 well drillings were collected at the important intervals. More than 600 samples were acidized, and thousands specimens were obtained. Forty eight characteristic species belonging to 27 genera are described herein, and 4 new conodont species are established. Based on the conodont data, the evolutionary sequence of the Ordovician conodonts in the platform facies of the Tarim Basin was cleaned, one assemblage and 7 biozones are revised. After the cleaning, there are 1 assemblage and 20 biozones across the Ordovician in ascending order in the platform facies region of the Tarim Basin. Furthermore, these 21 biostratigraphic units can be directly correlated with the two major conodont biogeographic provinces (North Atlantic biogeographic province and North America Mid-continent biogeographic province) in China and all around the world, which may make the Tarim Basin, be a bridge of direct correlation between the two major biogeographic provinces.
Four phases of the biogeographic attribution can be divided in the Ordovician period,①the phase of pan-earth genera in the Tremadocian age,②the phase of mixture by South China and North China genera from the Floian to Dawanian age,③the phase of South China type from the Darriwillian to the middle Sandbian age,④the phase of North China type from the late Sandbian to the Hirnantian age. In this paper, a detailed comparison is made between the four phases in the Tarim Basin and the corresponding faunas in South China and North China. After analyzing the paleogeographic reconstruction and the paleo Tethys Ocean flow surrounding the Tarim plate, a point was made that the alteration of conodont faunas of the Ordovician on the Tarim plate was jointly caused by the plate tectonics and ocean currents. It deepens the previous view that the alteration of conodont faunas was controlled by water depth and water temperature.
Based on the obtained biostratigraphical results, carbon isotope stratigraphy was carried out in Kalpin region. Biostratigraphically constrained sequences at the Wushi Yingshan and Kalpin Cement Plant sections (Kalpin Region) were densely sampled for geochemical studies. Carbonates across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of both sections mainly record negative carbon isotope values. Stable isotope curves show four negative and four positive excursions appearing alternately at the Wushi Yingshan section and five negative alternating with five positive excursions at the Kalpin Cement Plant section. The carbon isotope logs of these two sections are correlated with the international Cambrian-Ordovician boundary key sections:①Dayangcha section in China,②Green Point section (GSSP) in Canada,③Black Mountain section in Australia and④Lowson Cove section in USA. These correlations suggest that the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of the Wushi Yingshan section and the Kalpin Cement Plant section can be placed within a particular horizon that also corresponds to the observed biostratigraphic units.
把奥陶纪塔里木盆地的牙形石生物地理区的演化分为4个演化阶段,①特马豆克期泛球型属种阶段、②弗洛期到大坪期华南型和华北型混生阶段、③达瑞威尔期到桑比期中期华南型阶段以及④桑比期晚期到赫南特期华北型阶段。对这4个阶段的牙形石动物群和华北、华南同期牙形石动物群进行了详细的对比。经过对奥陶纪全球各板块古地理位置和塔里木板块周边古特提斯洋洋流情况的分析,提出塔里木板块奥陶纪牙形石动物群分区归属期次性变化是由板块运动和洋流共同作用导致的。这一观点深化了塔里木盆地奥陶纪牙形石动物群分区及类型演替的成因机理。
在已取得的牙形石生物地层研究成果的基础之上,对柯坪地区的寒武-奥陶系界线进行了碳同位素地层学研究。对乌什鹰山剖面和柯坪水泥厂剖面的寒武-奥陶系界线附近地层进行了连续而密集的碳、氧同位素采样和分析。结果表明,这两条剖面寒武-奥陶系界线附近的碳同位素组成以负δ13C值为主。其中,乌什鹰山剖面碳同位素的演化趋势表现为交替出现的4次负漂移和4次正漂移,柯坪水泥厂剖面表现为交替出现的5次负漂移和5次正漂移。在生物地层框架下,将这两条剖面的碳同位素演化趋势与国际上经典的寒武-奥陶系界线剖面①中国大阳岔剖面、②加拿大Green Point剖面(GSSP)、③澳大利亚Black Mountain剖面以及④美国Lawson Cove剖面进行了比对。基于碳同位素演化趋势的对比结果,确定了乌什鹰山剖面和柯坪水泥厂剖面的寒武-奥陶系界线,并对界线附近的地层进行了细分和对比。
The collection for conodont samples of the Ordovician was carried out in the platform facies region of the Tarim Basin. Sixteen outcrop sections were sampled systematically and 29 well drillings were collected at the important intervals. More than 600 samples were acidized, and thousands specimens were obtained. Forty eight characteristic species belonging to 27 genera are described herein, and 4 new conodont species are established. Based on the conodont data, the evolutionary sequence of the Ordovician conodonts in the platform facies of the Tarim Basin was cleaned, one assemblage and 7 biozones are revised. After the cleaning, there are 1 assemblage and 20 biozones across the Ordovician in ascending order in the platform facies region of the Tarim Basin. Furthermore, these 21 biostratigraphic units can be directly correlated with the two major conodont biogeographic provinces (North Atlantic biogeographic province and North America Mid-continent biogeographic province) in China and all around the world, which may make the Tarim Basin, be a bridge of direct correlation between the two major biogeographic provinces.
Four phases of the biogeographic attribution can be divided in the Ordovician period,①the phase of pan-earth genera in the Tremadocian age,②the phase of mixture by South China and North China genera from the Floian to Dawanian age,③the phase of South China type from the Darriwillian to the middle Sandbian age,④the phase of North China type from the late Sandbian to the Hirnantian age. In this paper, a detailed comparison is made between the four phases in the Tarim Basin and the corresponding faunas in South China and North China. After analyzing the paleogeographic reconstruction and the paleo Tethys Ocean flow surrounding the Tarim plate, a point was made that the alteration of conodont faunas of the Ordovician on the Tarim plate was jointly caused by the plate tectonics and ocean currents. It deepens the previous view that the alteration of conodont faunas was controlled by water depth and water temperature.
Based on the obtained biostratigraphical results, carbon isotope stratigraphy was carried out in Kalpin region. Biostratigraphically constrained sequences at the Wushi Yingshan and Kalpin Cement Plant sections (Kalpin Region) were densely sampled for geochemical studies. Carbonates across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of both sections mainly record negative carbon isotope values. Stable isotope curves show four negative and four positive excursions appearing alternately at the Wushi Yingshan section and five negative alternating with five positive excursions at the Kalpin Cement Plant section. The carbon isotope logs of these two sections are correlated with the international Cambrian-Ordovician boundary key sections:①Dayangcha section in China,②Green Point section (GSSP) in Canada,③Black Mountain section in Australia and④Lowson Cove section in USA. These correlations suggest that the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of the Wushi Yingshan section and the Kalpin Cement Plant section can be placed within a particular horizon that also corresponds to the observed biostratigraphic units.
引文
邓胜徽,张师本,卢远征,景秀春. 2007.塔里木盆地奥陶纪地层划分对比研究,内部研究报告.
邓胜徽,张师本,卢远征,景秀春. 2008.塔里木盆地奥陶系深化研究,内部研究报告.
邓胜徽,张师本,卢远征,景秀春. 2007.塔里木盆地奥陶纪地层划分对比研究,内部研究报告.
1邓胜徽,张师本,卢远征,景秀春. 2006.塔里木盆地奥陶纪地层划分与对比研究
邓胜徽,张师本,卢远征,景秀春. 2008.塔里木盆地奥陶系深化研究,内部研究报告.
赵宗举. 2006.塔里木盆地奥陶系层序地层及碳酸盐岩储层有利区预测.内部报告
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