基于BitTorrent的视频点播系统建模研究
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摘要
随着宽带技术的发展,视频点播得到越来越多的应用。
视频点播主要有如下三种方式:
1)单播,对每个用户请求均在服务器上为其分配一条数据流,这增加了服务器及带宽的成本,且易出现瞬间拥挤。所以单播方式无法满足大规模的视频点播需求;
2)组播,采用多路复用技术减轻服务器和带宽的负载,但运营商现有设备不能很好的支持组播技术,且组播在可靠性和拥塞控制等方面存在的不足,使组播技术的推广面临很多障碍;
3)CDN(Content Delivery Network),通过在互联网广泛部署服务节点,将用户的请求分散到距离用户最近的节点,减轻服务器和带宽的负载。但广泛部署的服务节点增加了成本和管理难度,按字节收费的方式也让流媒体内容提供商(ICP,Internet Content Provider)增加了成本支出。由于以上原因,传统的客户端/服务器模式已不能适应视频点播服务的发展,而基于分布式思想的Peer-to-Peer(P2P)视频点播技术引起了越来越多的关注。
本文在对BitTorrent(BT)系统进行观测和建模研究的基础上,提出基于BT的视频点播系统,并对其进行建模研究。主要工作包括以下几个方面:
1)对国内两大BT网站(5q.com和icefish.org)进行了为期41天的观测,采集了超过40GB的观测数据,包括在线人数,参与到每个下载过程的用户数、种子数、完成下载的人数等,上传.torrent文件的用户ID,上传时间,文件大小等信息。基于观测数据,分析了BT系统在线用户数的日周期特性,应对瞬间拥挤的能力,搭便车现象,文件流行度等问题。
2)分析BT协议,建立BT系统在瞬间拥挤阶段服务能力的机理模型,建立日周期特性对系统性能影响的模型,通过与采集的数据相比较验证模型的准确性。根据模型,提出提高BT系统性能的改进方案。
3)基于以上研究,提出基于BT的视频点播系统架构。
4)对基于BT的P2P视频点播系统进行建模研究
最后总结全文,给出结论和尚需进一步研究的问题。
As the increasing of technology of broadband, video on demand(VoD) has been getting widely used.
At present, three technologies are used inVoD systems to provide service:
1) Unicast, the VoD server assigns ervery user a different data stream, which increases the cost of server and bandbroad, and is easily to cause flash-crowd. So unicast is hard to satisfy large scale user request;
2) Multicast, using Multiplexing to reduce the load of server and bandbroad. But the existing devices of Internet Content Provider can not support multicst well. Multicast still has limitation in reliability and congestion control, which hinders the extension of multicast technology;
3) CDN (Content Delivery Network), through deploying server widely in internet, CDN disperses user request to the nearest server to reduce the load of server and bandbroad. But the widely deployed servers increase the cost and are hard to manage, charging as per byte also increases the expenditure of ICP.
So the traditional client/server model is not fit for present VoD service. P2P VoD technology attracted more and more attention.
Based on the observing and modeling analysis of BT system, we proposed VoD system based on BT protocol, then analyse the system through modeling. Our work is as follows:
1) Observed the two biggest BT system in China (5q.com and icefish.org) for 41 days. The collected data is more than 40GB, including online user count, user count, seed, user of finishing download, user ID of uploading . torrent file, upload time and file size of every BT swarm. Based on the observed data, we analysed the daily-cycle property, ability of handling flash-crowd, free-riding and file popularity of BT system.
2) Through analyzing the BT protocol and the abserved data, we proposed the BT system's ability model in flash-crowd and daily-cycle model. Through comparing with the abserved data, we proved the veracity of our model. According to the models, we proposed the project of increasing BT system's servicy ability.
3) Based on the research above, we proposed the structure of VoD system based on BT protocol.
4) We modeled the VoD system based on BT protocol.
The main results and problems remained to be solved are presented in the conclusion.
视频点播主要有如下三种方式:
1)单播,对每个用户请求均在服务器上为其分配一条数据流,这增加了服务器及带宽的成本,且易出现瞬间拥挤。所以单播方式无法满足大规模的视频点播需求;
2)组播,采用多路复用技术减轻服务器和带宽的负载,但运营商现有设备不能很好的支持组播技术,且组播在可靠性和拥塞控制等方面存在的不足,使组播技术的推广面临很多障碍;
3)CDN(Content Delivery Network),通过在互联网广泛部署服务节点,将用户的请求分散到距离用户最近的节点,减轻服务器和带宽的负载。但广泛部署的服务节点增加了成本和管理难度,按字节收费的方式也让流媒体内容提供商(ICP,Internet Content Provider)增加了成本支出。由于以上原因,传统的客户端/服务器模式已不能适应视频点播服务的发展,而基于分布式思想的Peer-to-Peer(P2P)视频点播技术引起了越来越多的关注。
本文在对BitTorrent(BT)系统进行观测和建模研究的基础上,提出基于BT的视频点播系统,并对其进行建模研究。主要工作包括以下几个方面:
1)对国内两大BT网站(5q.com和icefish.org)进行了为期41天的观测,采集了超过40GB的观测数据,包括在线人数,参与到每个下载过程的用户数、种子数、完成下载的人数等,上传.torrent文件的用户ID,上传时间,文件大小等信息。基于观测数据,分析了BT系统在线用户数的日周期特性,应对瞬间拥挤的能力,搭便车现象,文件流行度等问题。
2)分析BT协议,建立BT系统在瞬间拥挤阶段服务能力的机理模型,建立日周期特性对系统性能影响的模型,通过与采集的数据相比较验证模型的准确性。根据模型,提出提高BT系统性能的改进方案。
3)基于以上研究,提出基于BT的视频点播系统架构。
4)对基于BT的P2P视频点播系统进行建模研究
最后总结全文,给出结论和尚需进一步研究的问题。
As the increasing of technology of broadband, video on demand(VoD) has been getting widely used.
At present, three technologies are used inVoD systems to provide service:
1) Unicast, the VoD server assigns ervery user a different data stream, which increases the cost of server and bandbroad, and is easily to cause flash-crowd. So unicast is hard to satisfy large scale user request;
2) Multicast, using Multiplexing to reduce the load of server and bandbroad. But the existing devices of Internet Content Provider can not support multicst well. Multicast still has limitation in reliability and congestion control, which hinders the extension of multicast technology;
3) CDN (Content Delivery Network), through deploying server widely in internet, CDN disperses user request to the nearest server to reduce the load of server and bandbroad. But the widely deployed servers increase the cost and are hard to manage, charging as per byte also increases the expenditure of ICP.
So the traditional client/server model is not fit for present VoD service. P2P VoD technology attracted more and more attention.
Based on the observing and modeling analysis of BT system, we proposed VoD system based on BT protocol, then analyse the system through modeling. Our work is as follows:
1) Observed the two biggest BT system in China (5q.com and icefish.org) for 41 days. The collected data is more than 40GB, including online user count, user count, seed, user of finishing download, user ID of uploading . torrent file, upload time and file size of every BT swarm. Based on the observed data, we analysed the daily-cycle property, ability of handling flash-crowd, free-riding and file popularity of BT system.
2) Through analyzing the BT protocol and the abserved data, we proposed the BT system's ability model in flash-crowd and daily-cycle model. Through comparing with the abserved data, we proved the veracity of our model. According to the models, we proposed the project of increasing BT system's servicy ability.
3) Based on the research above, we proposed the structure of VoD system based on BT protocol.
4) We modeled the VoD system based on BT protocol.
The main results and problems remained to be solved are presented in the conclusion.
引文
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