冷战时期美国对第三世界国家经济外交研究（1947-1969）
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摘要
美国是个惯于并善于使用经济外交实现战略目标的国家,经济外交对美国历史的发展演变产生了深刻影响。对第三世界国家经济外交是冷战时期美国遏制战略的重要组成部分,目前国内学术界对这一问题却没有给予足够的重视。有鉴于此,本文选取冷战时期美国对第三世界国家经济外交(1947-1969)作为研究对象,以图弥补相关研究的不足。论文由绪论、正文(共6章22节)和结语构成,约20万字。
绪论部分首先论述了本课题研究的目的与意义,然后对国内外研究概况进行了分析,认为从历史和理论两方面来看,冷战时期美国对第三世界国家经济外交在国内都是一个尚待深入研究的课题。该课题具有很大的学术价值和现实意义。对于采用的研究方法、论文的框架结构、尤其是涉及的核心概念(如第三世界、经济外交等),作者也进行了较为细致的分析和探讨。
第一章对美国经济外交的历史起源进行了归纳分析,认为大致可以划分为5个历史阶段,即商业外交时期、门户开放外交(金元外交)时期、赔款外交时期、中立主义时期经济外交、租借外交时期等,并分别就它们产生的历史背景、主要表现形式及历史影响进行了分析。认为用历史的眼光看,冷战时期美国经济外交同样可看作是其冷战之前经济外交某种程度的延续,对之进行历史考察可使我们在更大的历史视野中认识冷战前期美国对第三世界国家经济外交。
第二章从美国遏制战略角度分析了美国对第三世界国家经济外交的缘起,认为以“援助希腊、土耳其法案”(杜鲁门主义)出台为标志,美国开始把第三世界国家国内局势的发展与美国冷战利益紧密联系起来,而经济外交是美国干预的主要手段之一。杜鲁门主义向远东地区扩展的结果,产生了1948年援华法案和“援蒋反共”政策,但该政策最终以彻底失败而告终。另外,与杜鲁门主义有直接关系的美国盟国复兴计划,如马歇尔计划、“亚洲马歇尔计划”,促使美国在这个时期对东南亚实施了以获取自然资源和销售市场为目标的特殊经济外交方式。
第三章主要围绕第四点计划分析了美国向第三世界国家提供技术援助的思想根源和历史根源,认为遏制所谓“共产主义的扩张”是首要的思想根源,战后第一次经济危机以及30年代经济大萧条的教训,也使得美国迫切希望扩大第三世界国家的市场;从历史根源看,第四点计划是美国对拉美国家援助要求所做出的的反应。同时依据美国外交解密档案对第四点计划的内容、实施重点、具体执行时的地区差异及原因进行了分析;而伴随着执行机构的变化,第四点计划经历了一个被美国政府重视程度不断降低,直至最后被取消的历史命运。
第四章首先分析了“共同安全法”时期美国对第三世界国家经济外交的历史背景,认为朝鲜战争的爆发、第三世界的初步崛起,以及苏联在第三世界国家经济外交的开展,使得艾森豪威尔政府“新面貌”战略认为第三世界已成为美苏争夺的主要对象,美国外援方向也逐渐从欧洲转向第三世界国家;而侧重于军事安全的防务援助是美国经济外交的主要方式。另外,该章从宏观角度把这个时期美国对第三世界国家经济外交划分为两个阶段,并就其各自特点进行了综合分析。对于艾森豪威尔政府对不同类型的第三世界国家或地区经济外交,如亚洲“反共盟国”、“中立主义国家”以及“战略原料生产地区”(以苏伊士运河危机为例),本章也分别就实施背景、实施过程及影响等进行了探讨。
第五章从肯尼迪政府“和平战略”入手,认为主要由于60年代第三世界的正式崛起,使得肯尼迪试图作出改变以更好地实现美国遏制战略目标。“罗斯托主义”的出现标志着肯尼迪—约翰逊政府对第三世界经济外交思想的最终确立,如把发展(开发援助)作为主要手段,以及除了当前的反共目标外,更长远目标是诱使第三世界以美国模式作为发展方向。以“1961年外援法案”为制度基础,争取进步联盟是肯尼迪政府对第三世界经济外交最典型、最重要案例之一,对于导致其出现的深层次原因、无法克服的困境等问题,以及约翰逊政府外援政策的特点及影响,本章也进行了探讨。
第六章首先简要论述了美国粮食外交的历史起源、现实及制度基础,认为粮食外交作为美国经济援助外交的一种补充形式,是冷战时期美国对第三世界国家外交政策的重要组成部分。同时基于美国解密外交档案,具体分析了“粮食用于和平计划”、“通过发展实现的粮食用于和平计划”、“粮食用于自由计划”的实施情况及特点。
论文的结论是:就现实动因而言,归根到底,冷战的逻辑促使美国实施了对第三世界国家的经济外交,由此也决定了冷战向全球扩展的必然性;经济外交是美国实现冷战遏制战略的工具之一;就美国各类援助拨款用途而言,它实际上变成了美国经济不可缺少的一笔津贴;就对第三世界国家发展而言,美国经济外交成了影响进程的重要外部因素;冷战时期美国对第三世界国家实行的经济外交,究其本质是一种新殖民主义。
The United States would always like to use economic diplomacy to accomplish its strategic objectives as masterfully as possible in history,and the economic diplomacy exerts great impact on the evolution of American history. American economic diplomacy in the third world is the essential part of its strategy of containment during the Cold War.However,the scholars in China have not yet paid enough attention to the above-mentioned problems. In order to overcome the weakness of the related research,the author selects the subject. This paper,made up of the sections of the introduction,the text(6 chapters ,22 parts) and the conclusion, has about 200,000 words.
The introduction discusses the the aims and significance of the subject of the paper,analyzes the general contemporary situation of the academic achievements of the selected subject accomplished by the scholars at home and abroad. The author concludes that the related study is emerging on the part of the historical evidence and theoretical understanding in the academic field .Meanwhile,it is of great importance as far as the academic value and practical significance are concerned. The research methods, the frame and structure of the paper , especially such core concepts as the third world and the economic diplomacy , are analyzed and interpreted relatively thoroughly by the author.
In the first chapter ,the historical origins of American economic diplomacy are generalized and analyzed. American economic diplomacy generally includes the five historical periods prior to the Cold War,such as the period of commerical diplomacy,the period of the Open Door diplomacy(the Dollar Diplomacy),the period of reparations diplomacy,the economic diplomacy in the neutralistic period and the period of the lend-lease diplomacy. From the historical perspectives,American Cold War economic diplomacy can be regarded as the continuance of the pre-cold war economic diplomacy to some degree,and the historical investigation enables us to understand American economic diplomacy in the third world countries during the Cold War in the broader contexts.
In the second chapter,the author investigates the origins of American economic diplomacy in the third world countries from the view of the strategy of containment,concludes that with the appearance of "the Act of Military and Economic Aid to Greek and Turkey" (the Truman Doctrine) as a symbol,the United States starts to connect its own interests with the domestic situations of the third world countries for the first time. The Economic diplomacy is one of the main ways to achieve this target. The development of the Truman Doctrine in the Far East region resulted in The China Aid Act of 1948 and the implementation of the policy of American support of Jiangjieshi(the Kuomingtang government) and anti-Communism.However,the policy encountered the destiny of a total defeat in the end.Moreover,the economic reconstruction and recovery of America's allies connected closely with the Truman Doctrine,such as the Marshall Plan and the Marshall Plan in Asia,urged the United States to carry out special economic diplomacy in Southeast Asia, whose objectives were to obtain the local natural resourses as well as the markets.
In the third chapter, centering on the Point Four Program, the author makes an inquiry into the reasons why the United States would like to offer the third world countries technical assistance. The ideological roots include containing the so-called expansion of communism,the lessons stemming from the first economic crisis after the Second World War and the Great Depression in the 1930s,and expanding the markets in the third world countries. The first is the leading factor among them .Concerning the historical origin,the Point Four Program the United States implemented can be thought as a reaction to the requirements of the Latin American countries. At the same time, the contents ,emphasis and the differences among the regions in the process of the implemention and their causes of the Point Four Program are also analyzed in accordance with the declsssified files. With the changes of the executive agencies,the Point Four Program was ignored by the American government increasingly,encountered the historical destiny of liquidation in the middle of 1953.
In the fourth chapter,the historical backgrounds of American economic diplomacy in the third world countries are elaborated during the Mutual Security Act at first, the author holds the opinion that the breakout of the Korean War,the initial rise of the third world and the Soviet economic diplomacy in the third world cause the Eisenhower Administration to switch the direction of foreign assistance from Europe to the third world; Defence assistance emphasizing military security is the main tool of American economic diplomacy. American economic diplomacy in the period can be divided into two stages,and its own characteristics are expounded in a comprehensive manner in the chapter. In addition,the historical backgrunds , evolution and effects of American economic diplomacy in the "anti-Communism"allies in Asia,the "neutralistic"nations and "strategic resourses"regions(the Suez Cannal Crisis cited as an example),are analyzed respectively.
In the fifth chapter,the paper begins with the strategy of peace of the Kennedy Administration,then the author points out that the real rise of the third world in the 1960s impells Kennedy to try to make some changes in order to accomplish the objectives of the strategy of containment more smoothly. The Rostow Doctrine signaled the final establishment of American economic diplomacy during the Kennedy-Johnson Administrations. For example,development assistance was the esential tool ;besides the current anti-communism,its objectives was to induce the third world to accept the American model of development. Based on the The Foreign Assistance of 1961, the Alliance for Progress is one of the most important and typical cases for the economic diplomacy carried out by the Kennedy Administration. The author also analyzes the following questions in this chapter: the deeper causes of the appearance of the Alliance for Progress ,the dilemmas of the Alliance and the characteristics and effects of the foreign assistance policy in the Johnson Administration.
In the sixth chapter, the paper firstly briefs the hisorical sources, the substantial and systematic foundations of American food diplomacy. From the viewpoint of the author, the food diplomacy is the supplement of American economic assistance diplomacy, is the important parts of American foreign policy toward the third world countries during the Cold War on an equal basis. At the same time, the concrete implementation and its characteristics of Public Law 480(The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 )during the Eisenhower Administration and the Kennedy-Johnson Administrations,such as Food for Peace Program,Food- for-Peace through Development and Food for Freedom Program,are analyzed respectively in the chapter.
The conclusion of the paper is that in the final analysis the logic of the Cold War urges the United States to carry out its economic diplomacy in the third world countries on the part of the real dynamic causes,which leads to the spread of the Cold War globally. The American economic diplomacy is one of the tools of American strategy of containment during the Cold War,and as far as the application of various kinds of American foreign economic aid are concerned,they are in fact the inevitable subsidies for the American economy. The American economic diplomacy is an imporant external factor ,which has great influence on the development of the third world countries. The American economic diplomacy in the third world countries during the Cold War is neo-colonialism in essence.
绪论部分首先论述了本课题研究的目的与意义,然后对国内外研究概况进行了分析,认为从历史和理论两方面来看,冷战时期美国对第三世界国家经济外交在国内都是一个尚待深入研究的课题。该课题具有很大的学术价值和现实意义。对于采用的研究方法、论文的框架结构、尤其是涉及的核心概念(如第三世界、经济外交等),作者也进行了较为细致的分析和探讨。
第一章对美国经济外交的历史起源进行了归纳分析,认为大致可以划分为5个历史阶段,即商业外交时期、门户开放外交(金元外交)时期、赔款外交时期、中立主义时期经济外交、租借外交时期等,并分别就它们产生的历史背景、主要表现形式及历史影响进行了分析。认为用历史的眼光看,冷战时期美国经济外交同样可看作是其冷战之前经济外交某种程度的延续,对之进行历史考察可使我们在更大的历史视野中认识冷战前期美国对第三世界国家经济外交。
第二章从美国遏制战略角度分析了美国对第三世界国家经济外交的缘起,认为以“援助希腊、土耳其法案”(杜鲁门主义)出台为标志,美国开始把第三世界国家国内局势的发展与美国冷战利益紧密联系起来,而经济外交是美国干预的主要手段之一。杜鲁门主义向远东地区扩展的结果,产生了1948年援华法案和“援蒋反共”政策,但该政策最终以彻底失败而告终。另外,与杜鲁门主义有直接关系的美国盟国复兴计划,如马歇尔计划、“亚洲马歇尔计划”,促使美国在这个时期对东南亚实施了以获取自然资源和销售市场为目标的特殊经济外交方式。
第三章主要围绕第四点计划分析了美国向第三世界国家提供技术援助的思想根源和历史根源,认为遏制所谓“共产主义的扩张”是首要的思想根源,战后第一次经济危机以及30年代经济大萧条的教训,也使得美国迫切希望扩大第三世界国家的市场;从历史根源看,第四点计划是美国对拉美国家援助要求所做出的的反应。同时依据美国外交解密档案对第四点计划的内容、实施重点、具体执行时的地区差异及原因进行了分析;而伴随着执行机构的变化,第四点计划经历了一个被美国政府重视程度不断降低,直至最后被取消的历史命运。
第四章首先分析了“共同安全法”时期美国对第三世界国家经济外交的历史背景,认为朝鲜战争的爆发、第三世界的初步崛起,以及苏联在第三世界国家经济外交的开展,使得艾森豪威尔政府“新面貌”战略认为第三世界已成为美苏争夺的主要对象,美国外援方向也逐渐从欧洲转向第三世界国家;而侧重于军事安全的防务援助是美国经济外交的主要方式。另外,该章从宏观角度把这个时期美国对第三世界国家经济外交划分为两个阶段,并就其各自特点进行了综合分析。对于艾森豪威尔政府对不同类型的第三世界国家或地区经济外交,如亚洲“反共盟国”、“中立主义国家”以及“战略原料生产地区”(以苏伊士运河危机为例),本章也分别就实施背景、实施过程及影响等进行了探讨。
第五章从肯尼迪政府“和平战略”入手,认为主要由于60年代第三世界的正式崛起,使得肯尼迪试图作出改变以更好地实现美国遏制战略目标。“罗斯托主义”的出现标志着肯尼迪—约翰逊政府对第三世界经济外交思想的最终确立,如把发展(开发援助)作为主要手段,以及除了当前的反共目标外,更长远目标是诱使第三世界以美国模式作为发展方向。以“1961年外援法案”为制度基础,争取进步联盟是肯尼迪政府对第三世界经济外交最典型、最重要案例之一,对于导致其出现的深层次原因、无法克服的困境等问题,以及约翰逊政府外援政策的特点及影响,本章也进行了探讨。
第六章首先简要论述了美国粮食外交的历史起源、现实及制度基础,认为粮食外交作为美国经济援助外交的一种补充形式,是冷战时期美国对第三世界国家外交政策的重要组成部分。同时基于美国解密外交档案,具体分析了“粮食用于和平计划”、“通过发展实现的粮食用于和平计划”、“粮食用于自由计划”的实施情况及特点。
论文的结论是:就现实动因而言,归根到底,冷战的逻辑促使美国实施了对第三世界国家的经济外交,由此也决定了冷战向全球扩展的必然性;经济外交是美国实现冷战遏制战略的工具之一;就美国各类援助拨款用途而言,它实际上变成了美国经济不可缺少的一笔津贴;就对第三世界国家发展而言,美国经济外交成了影响进程的重要外部因素;冷战时期美国对第三世界国家实行的经济外交,究其本质是一种新殖民主义。
The United States would always like to use economic diplomacy to accomplish its strategic objectives as masterfully as possible in history,and the economic diplomacy exerts great impact on the evolution of American history. American economic diplomacy in the third world is the essential part of its strategy of containment during the Cold War.However,the scholars in China have not yet paid enough attention to the above-mentioned problems. In order to overcome the weakness of the related research,the author selects the subject. This paper,made up of the sections of the introduction,the text(6 chapters ,22 parts) and the conclusion, has about 200,000 words.
The introduction discusses the the aims and significance of the subject of the paper,analyzes the general contemporary situation of the academic achievements of the selected subject accomplished by the scholars at home and abroad. The author concludes that the related study is emerging on the part of the historical evidence and theoretical understanding in the academic field .Meanwhile,it is of great importance as far as the academic value and practical significance are concerned. The research methods, the frame and structure of the paper , especially such core concepts as the third world and the economic diplomacy , are analyzed and interpreted relatively thoroughly by the author.
In the first chapter ,the historical origins of American economic diplomacy are generalized and analyzed. American economic diplomacy generally includes the five historical periods prior to the Cold War,such as the period of commerical diplomacy,the period of the Open Door diplomacy(the Dollar Diplomacy),the period of reparations diplomacy,the economic diplomacy in the neutralistic period and the period of the lend-lease diplomacy. From the historical perspectives,American Cold War economic diplomacy can be regarded as the continuance of the pre-cold war economic diplomacy to some degree,and the historical investigation enables us to understand American economic diplomacy in the third world countries during the Cold War in the broader contexts.
In the second chapter,the author investigates the origins of American economic diplomacy in the third world countries from the view of the strategy of containment,concludes that with the appearance of "the Act of Military and Economic Aid to Greek and Turkey" (the Truman Doctrine) as a symbol,the United States starts to connect its own interests with the domestic situations of the third world countries for the first time. The Economic diplomacy is one of the main ways to achieve this target. The development of the Truman Doctrine in the Far East region resulted in The China Aid Act of 1948 and the implementation of the policy of American support of Jiangjieshi(the Kuomingtang government) and anti-Communism.However,the policy encountered the destiny of a total defeat in the end.Moreover,the economic reconstruction and recovery of America's allies connected closely with the Truman Doctrine,such as the Marshall Plan and the Marshall Plan in Asia,urged the United States to carry out special economic diplomacy in Southeast Asia, whose objectives were to obtain the local natural resourses as well as the markets.
In the third chapter, centering on the Point Four Program, the author makes an inquiry into the reasons why the United States would like to offer the third world countries technical assistance. The ideological roots include containing the so-called expansion of communism,the lessons stemming from the first economic crisis after the Second World War and the Great Depression in the 1930s,and expanding the markets in the third world countries. The first is the leading factor among them .Concerning the historical origin,the Point Four Program the United States implemented can be thought as a reaction to the requirements of the Latin American countries. At the same time, the contents ,emphasis and the differences among the regions in the process of the implemention and their causes of the Point Four Program are also analyzed in accordance with the declsssified files. With the changes of the executive agencies,the Point Four Program was ignored by the American government increasingly,encountered the historical destiny of liquidation in the middle of 1953.
In the fourth chapter,the historical backgrounds of American economic diplomacy in the third world countries are elaborated during the Mutual Security Act at first, the author holds the opinion that the breakout of the Korean War,the initial rise of the third world and the Soviet economic diplomacy in the third world cause the Eisenhower Administration to switch the direction of foreign assistance from Europe to the third world; Defence assistance emphasizing military security is the main tool of American economic diplomacy. American economic diplomacy in the period can be divided into two stages,and its own characteristics are expounded in a comprehensive manner in the chapter. In addition,the historical backgrunds , evolution and effects of American economic diplomacy in the "anti-Communism"allies in Asia,the "neutralistic"nations and "strategic resourses"regions(the Suez Cannal Crisis cited as an example),are analyzed respectively.
In the fifth chapter,the paper begins with the strategy of peace of the Kennedy Administration,then the author points out that the real rise of the third world in the 1960s impells Kennedy to try to make some changes in order to accomplish the objectives of the strategy of containment more smoothly. The Rostow Doctrine signaled the final establishment of American economic diplomacy during the Kennedy-Johnson Administrations. For example,development assistance was the esential tool ;besides the current anti-communism,its objectives was to induce the third world to accept the American model of development. Based on the The Foreign Assistance of 1961, the Alliance for Progress is one of the most important and typical cases for the economic diplomacy carried out by the Kennedy Administration. The author also analyzes the following questions in this chapter: the deeper causes of the appearance of the Alliance for Progress ,the dilemmas of the Alliance and the characteristics and effects of the foreign assistance policy in the Johnson Administration.
In the sixth chapter, the paper firstly briefs the hisorical sources, the substantial and systematic foundations of American food diplomacy. From the viewpoint of the author, the food diplomacy is the supplement of American economic assistance diplomacy, is the important parts of American foreign policy toward the third world countries during the Cold War on an equal basis. At the same time, the concrete implementation and its characteristics of Public Law 480(The Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 )during the Eisenhower Administration and the Kennedy-Johnson Administrations,such as Food for Peace Program,Food- for-Peace through Development and Food for Freedom Program,are analyzed respectively in the chapter.
The conclusion of the paper is that in the final analysis the logic of the Cold War urges the United States to carry out its economic diplomacy in the third world countries on the part of the real dynamic causes,which leads to the spread of the Cold War globally. The American economic diplomacy is one of the tools of American strategy of containment during the Cold War,and as far as the application of various kinds of American foreign economic aid are concerned,they are in fact the inevitable subsidies for the American economy. The American economic diplomacy is an imporant external factor ,which has great influence on the development of the third world countries. The American economic diplomacy in the third world countries during the Cold War is neo-colonialism in essence.
引文
[1][挪威]文安立著,陈之宏、陈兼译.冷战与革命——美苏冲突与中国内战的起源[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2002.沈志华先生撰写的总序第5页.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.328-331.
[3]Diane B.Kunz.The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis[M].Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,1991.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Poker:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M],New York:Columbia University Press,1984.335-336.
[2]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War[M].New York:Columbia University Press 1985.2-3.
[3]Williams,William Appleman.The Tragedy of American Diplomacy[M].New York:Dell Publishing Co.,Inc.,1972.Introduction,2-3.
[1]Williams,William Appleman.The Tragedy of American Diplomacy[M].New York,N.Y.:Dell Publishing Co.,Inc.,1972.57.
[2]Gabriel Kolko.Confronting The Third World:United States Foreign Policy,1945-1980[M].New York:Pantheon Books,1988.preface,x、12、123.
[3]Joyce Kolko and Gabriel Kolko.The Limits of Power:The World and United States Foreign Policy,1945-1954[M].New york:Harper&Row,publishers,1972:Walter LaFeber.The New Empire[M].Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1963;Lloyd Gardner.Architects of Illusion[M].Chicago:Qudrangle Books,1970;Stephen E.Ambrose.Rise to Globalism:American Foreign Policy Since 1938(Seven Revised Edition)[M].New York,N.Y.:Penguin Books,1993.
[1]Joseph M.Siracusa,New Left and Diplomatic Histories and Historians[M].Claremont:Regina Books,1993.75-76.
[2]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.Introduction.
[3]Jeffrey F.Taffet,Foreign Aid as Foreign Policy:The Alliance for Progress in Latin America[M].New York:Routledge,2007.
[4]Robert A.Packenham,Liberal America and the Third World:Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science[M].Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1973.
[5]David Porter.U.S.Economic Foreign Aid:A Case Study of the United States Agency for International Development[M].New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1990.
[6]Wil Hout.Capitalism and the Third World:Development,Dependence,and the World System[M].Brookfield,Vt:Edwar Elgar,1993;David D.Newsom.The Imperial Mantle:The United States,Decolonization,and the Third World[M].Bloomington:Indiana University Press,2001;John L.S.Girling.Americaand the Third World:Revolution and Intervention[M].London;Boston:Routledge &Kegan Paul,1980;Javier Gonzalo Alcalde.The Idea of Third World Development:Emerging Perspectives in the United States and Britain[M].Lanham,MD:University Press of America,1987;Henry W.Brands.The Specter of Neutralism:The United States and the Emergence of the Third World,1947-1960[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1989;Zachary Karabell,Architects of Intervention:The United States,the Third World,and the Cold War[M].Baton Rouge:Lousiana State University Press,1999;Melvin Gurtov.The United States Against the Third World:Antinationalism and Intervention[M].New York:PraegerPublishers,1974.
[7]Edward S.Manson.Foreign Aid and Foreign Policy[M].New York:Harper & Row,1964;Edward C.Banfield,American Foreign Aid Doctrines[M].Washington:American Enterprise Institute For Public Policy Research,1963;Michael Kent O' Leary,The Politics of American Foreign Aid[M].New Brunswick,N.J.:Aldine Transaction,2007.
[1][美]世界和国内经济问题及其对美国外交政策的影响——美国经济及工业研究社研究报告[M].北京编译社译.北京:世界知识出版社,1963;[美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助:对比分析[M].北京;商务印书馆,1974;[美]哈里·马格多夫著.伍仞译.帝国主义时代——美国对外政策的经济学[M].北京;商务印书馆,1975;[苏]格列切夫著,何清新译,第二次世界大战后的美国殖民政策[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1960:[苏]苏联科学院美国加拿大研究所编,徐更生等译,美国对外经济战略[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1982,
[2]《战后美国经济》编写组.战后美国经济[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1974.
[3]王晓德.1989年以来中国的美国外交史研究(C).胡国成.透视美国:近年来中国的美国研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002.125.
[4]洪国起,王晓德.冲突与合作——美国与拉丁美洲关系的历史考察[M].太原:山西高校联合出版社,1994;张士智,赵慧杰.美国中东关系史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1993;王玮.美国对亚太政策的演变1776-1995[M].济南:山东人民出版社,1995:梁根成.美国与非洲[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1991.
[5]林珏.战后美国对外贸易政策研究[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,1995.
[6]叶江.大变局—全球化、冷战与当代国际政治经济关系[M].上海:上海三联书店,2004.
[1]周永生.经济外交[M].北京:中国青年出版社,2004;张学斌.经济外交[M].北京;北京大学出版社,2003.
[2]周弘.对外援助与国际关系[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002;王慧英.肯尼迪与美国对外经济援助[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[3]如张彩梅的《杜鲁门时期美国对外援助政策研究》、郭拥军的《争取进步联盟研究》、刘洪丰的《美国对韩国援助政策研究》、贺光辉的《美日对外援助之比较》等。
[4]张小明.冷战及其遗产[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1998;刘金质.冷战史(上、中、下)[M].北京:世界知识出版社.2004.
[1]DOS intelligence report on "Communist Economic Diplomacy in the Underdeveloped Areas.",CK3100171190,Declassified Documents References System(Hereafter Cited as DDRS)..
[2]鲁毅,黄金祺等.外交学概论[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2004.167;周永生.经济外交[M].北京:中国青年出版社,2004.22:张学斌.经济外交[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.6.
[3]张敏谦.美国对外经济战略[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2001.导论第8页.
[1]白建才.大战略、遏制战略与隐蔽行动等诸战略——美国的冷战战略析论[J].陕西师范大学学报,2005,(6):27-34.
[2]周启元,姜圣复.国际经济关系学[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1990.34.
[1]DOS intelligence report on "Communist Economic Diplomacy in the Underdeveloped Areas.",CK3100171199—CK310017120,DDRS.
[1]George Liska,The New Statecraft:Foreign Aid in American Foreign Policy[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1960.62.
[2]David Porter.U.S.Economic Foreign Aid:A Case Study of the United States Agency for International Development[M].New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1990.24.
[3]Alan P.Dobson.US Economic Statecraft for Survival 1933-1991:of Sanctions.Embargoes and Economic Warfare[M].New York,N.Y.:Routedge,2002.1-2.
[1]Arthur M.Schlesinger,Jr..The Cycles of American History[M].Boston,Mass.:Houghton Mifflin,1986.52.
[1]Jeffrey E.Garten.Business and Foreign Affairs[J].Foreign Affairs,Vol,76,No.3,May/June 1997.68-69.
[2][美]杰里尔·罗赛蒂著,周启朋等译.美国对外政策的政治学[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2005.418.
[3]Christopher Layne,Benjamin Schwarz.American Hegemony-Without An Enemy[J].Foreign Policy,No.92,Fall 1993.13.
[1]杨生茂.美国外交政策史:1775-1989[M]北京;人民出版社,1991.33.
[2]Ibid.,pp.23-24.
[1]杨生茂.美国外交政策史1775-1989[M].北京:人民出版社,1991.46-47.
[1]杨生茂.美国外交政策史:1775-1989[M].北京:人民出版社,1991.212.
[2]Ibid.
[1]William Appleman Williams.The Tragedy of American Diplomacy[M].New York,N.Y.:Dell Publishing Co.,Inc.,1972.57.
[2]Arthur M.Schlesinger,Jr..The Cycles of American History[M].Boston,Boston,Mass.:Houghton Mifflin.1986.130.
[1]Thomas G.Paterson and J.G.Hagan,American Foreign Policy:A History(Vol.2)[M].Lexington,Mass.:D.C.Health& C.,1983.326.
[2]Joseph Brandes.Herbert Hoover and Economic Diplomacy:Department of Commerce Policy 1924-1928[M].Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh Press,1962.26-27.
[3]Ibid.,pp.85-86.
[1]Joseph Brandes.Herbert Hoover and Economic Diplomacy:Department of Commerce Policy 1924-1928[M].Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh Press,1962.192-204.
[1]NSC5501,Basic National Security Policy,Section C,FRUS,1955-1957,Vol.XIX,34-35.
[2]杨生茂.美国外交政策史:1775-1989[M].北京:人民出版社,1991.370.
[3]lloyd C.Gardner.Economic Aspects of New Deal Diplomacy[M].Madison:The University of Wisconsin Press,1964.65.
[4]Ibid.,p.47.
[1]lloyd C.Gardner.Economic Aspects of New Deal Diplomacy[M].Madison:The University of Wisconsin Press.1964.52-53.
[2][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第一卷):决定性的一年1945[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.426.
[1][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第一卷):决定性的一年1945[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.147.
[2][美]威廉·哈代·麦克尼尔著,叶佐译.美国、英国和俄国:它们的冲突和合作,1941-1946[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2007.977-978.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.23-24.
[1][英]哈·麦金德著,林尔蔚等译.历史的地理枢纽[M].北京:商务印书馆,1985.13.
[2]NSC7,The Position of the United states with Respect to Soviet-directed World Communism,30 March 1948,FRUS.1948,Vol.Ⅰ,546.
[3]NSC20/4,U.S.Objective with Respect to the U.S.S.R.to Counter Soviet Threats to U.S.Security,23November 1948,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅰ,667.
[1]U.S.Congress,House of Representatives,Committee on Foreign Affairs,Assistance to Greece and Turkey;Marshall to Robert Lovett,23 April 1948,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅲ,103.
[2]Comments at the first meeting of the Washington Exploratory Talks on Security,6 July 1948,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅲ,150.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:the Free Press,1997.58.
[1]Report by the Joint Strategic Survey Committee,FRUS,1947,Vol.Ⅰ,738-750.
[2]张曙光.美国的遏制战略与冷战起源再探[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2007,301.
[1]Memorandum,FRUS,1946 Vol.Ⅶ,1-6.
[2]Memorandum Prepared in the Department of State,FRUS,1947,Vol.Ⅴ,575-576.
[1]刘同舜.“冷战”、“遏制”和大西洋联盟——1945-1950年美国战略决策资料选编[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1993.86。
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:the Free Press,1997.30.
[3]Melvyn P.Leffler.A Preponderance of Power:National Security,the Truman Administration and the Cold War[M].Stanford,California:Stanford University Press,1992.144.
[1]William Appleman Williams.The Tragedy of American Diplomacy[M].New York,N.Y.:Dell Publishing Co.,Inc.,1972.52.
[2]Ibid.,p.269.
[3]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.17.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984,352.
[2][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下册)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.618.
[3]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1985.121.
[1]Arthur M.Schlesinger,Jr..The Dynamics of World Power:A Documentary History of United States Foreign Policy(Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union)[M].New York:Chelsea House Publishers,1973.309-313.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.342.
[2]Ibid.,pp.342-343.
[1]PPS1,Policy with Respect to American Aid to West Europe,FRUS,1947,Vol.Ⅲ,227.
[2]刘金质.冷战史(上册)[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2003.119.
[1]张士智,赵慧杰.美国中东关系史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1993.119.
[2][英]乔治·柯克.1945-1950年的中东[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1980.72.
[1]Memorandum,FRUS,1947,Vol.Ⅶ,222-228.
[2]Draft Report of the NSC,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅷ,44-50.
[3]Memorandum,FRUS,1947 Ⅷ,917-918.
[4]Memorandum of Conversation,FRUS,1948 Ⅷ,78.
[5]Draft Report of the NSC,FRUS,1948 Ⅷ,44-50.
[1]United States Department of State.The China White Paper(United States Relations with China,with Special Reference to the Period 1944-1949)[M].Volume I.Stanford,Calif.:Stanford University Press,1967.380-384.
[1]崔丕.美国的冷战战略与巴黎统筹委员会、中国委员会(1945-1994)[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2000.185.
[2]PPS39,To Review and Define United States Policy Toward China,September 7,1948,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅷ.146-155.
[3]PPS39/I,To Review and Define United States Policy Toward China,November 23,1948,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅷ.208-209.
[4]FRUS,1948 Vol.Ⅷ.146-155.
[1]The Secretary of State to Certain Diplomatic Office,June 12,1950,Definitions of U.S.Criteria for 1A and 1B Policy and Commodity Areas Covered.FRUS,1950,Vol.Ⅳ.146-148.
[2]NSC41,U.S.Policy Regarding Trade with China,February 28,1949,FRUS,1949,Vol.Ⅸ.826-834.
[3]Gunnar Adler-Karlsson.Western Economic Warfare 1947-1967:A Case Study in Foreign Economic Policy[M].Stockholm:Almqvist & Wiksell,1968.217-219.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984,350.
[1]崔丕.美国的冷战战略与巴黎统筹委员会、中国委员会(1945-1994)[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2000.207.
[2]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984.350.
[1]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1985.204-205.
[2]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program.Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.19.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.Introduction,X.
[2]Henry Kissinger.Diplomacy[M].New York:Simon & Schuster,1994.154.
[3]David A.Baldwin,Economic Development and American Foreign Policy,1943-62[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1966.73-74.
[4]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1985.207.
[5][美]唐纳德·怀特著,徐朝友等译.美国的兴盛与衰落[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2002.292.
[6][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷):考验和希望的年代1946-1953[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.274-275.
[1]Thomas A.Bailey.A Diplomatic History of the American People[M].New York:Meridith Publishing Company,1964.804.
[1][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷):考验和希望的年代1946-1953[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.276、282-284.
[2]Dennis Merrill,ed.:Documentary History of the Truman Presidency,Volume 27,The Point Four Program:Reaching Out to Help the Less Developed Countries[Z].Bethesda,MD:University Publications of America,1999.501.
[3]Ibid.,pp.776、9.
[1]The genesis of the point four program,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,758-759.
[1]资中筠.追根溯源——战后美国对华政策的缘起和发展(1945-1950)[M].上海;上海人民出版社,2000.绪论第3页.
[2][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷):考验和希望的年代1946-1953[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974,282-283.
[3][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.601-602.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[R].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.Introduction,ⅸ.
[1]Robert A.Pollard,Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950.New York:Columbia University Press,1985.205-208.
[2][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷):考验和希望的年代1946-1953[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.276.
[3][美]雷讯马著,牛可译.作为意识形态的现代化:社会科学与美国对第三世界政策[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2003.40.
[4]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.5.
[1]Bradford Westfield.The Instruments of America' s Foreign Policy[M].New York:Thomas Y.Crowell Company,1963.357.
[2]《战后世界历史长编》编委会.战后世界历史长编(1949年)第1编第5分册[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1980.4.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.5.
[2]《战后世界历史长编》编委会.《战后世界历史长编(1948年)》第1编第4分册[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1978.171.
[1][美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助对比分析[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974.50-51.
[2]Thomas G.Paterson.Meeting the Communist Threat:From Truman to Reagan[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1988.149.
[3]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program.Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.11.
[1][美]拉尔夫·德·贝茨著,南京大学历史系英美对外关系研究室译.1933-1973美国史(下卷)杜鲁门—尼克松当政时期:1945-1973[M].北京:人民出版社,1984.93.
[2]Dennis Merrill,ed.Documentary History of the Truman Presidency(Vol.27)[M].UPA,1999.4.
[3][美]哈里·杜鲁门,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷):考验和希望的年代1946-1953[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.270-272.
[1]GPO,American Foreign Policy1950-1955,Basic Documents,Vol.2,3047-3054.转引自战后世界历史长编(1949年)第1编第5分册[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1980.19-20.
[2]Memorandum by the Secretary of State to President Truman,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,760-761.
[1]Objectives and Nature of Point Ⅳ,Memorandum for the President,March 14,1949.FRUS,1949,Volume 1,777-778.
[1]Substance of the Program,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,779-780.
[1]Emphasis in the Program,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,779-782.
[1]Conclusion,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,782-783.
[1][美]哈里·杜鲁门.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷)[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.275.
[2]Memorandum by the Technical Cooperation Administor to the Under Secretary of State,FRUS,1951,Volume 1,1641-1642.
[3]Memorandum by the Technical Cooperation Administor to the Director of the Management Staff,FRUS,1951,Volume 1,1644-1645.
[1]The Director of the Office United Nations Economic and Social Affairs to the Assistant Secretary of State for United Nations Afairs,FRUS,1951,Volume 1,1647-1648.
[1]Draft National Security Council Staff Study,FRUS,1951,Volume 1,1651-1657.
[2]Memorandum by the Secretary of State to President Truman,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,776.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.171.
[2]Ibid.,p.177.
[1]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1985.217.
[2]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.178-179.
[1]Robert A.Packenham.Liberal America and the Third World:Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science[M].Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1973.46.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.85-86.
[2]Ibid.,pp.87-88.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.105-106.
[2]Ibid.,pp.108-114.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.122.
[2]Walt Rostow.Eisenhower,Kennedy,and Foreign Aid[M].Austin,Tex.:Texas University Press,1985.58-60.
[1]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1985.208.
[2][澳]海因茨·阿恩特著,唐宇华等译.经济发展思想史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.68.
[3]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.21-22.
[4]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.353.
[5][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.637.
[1]Memorandum of Discussion at the 266~(th) Meeting of the NSC,FRUS,1955-1957,Vol.Ⅹ,28-31.
[1][美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助对比分析[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974.9.
[1]NSC162/2,Basic National Security Policy,FRUS,1952-1954,VoI.Ⅱ,578.
[2]NSC162/2,Basic National Security Policy,FRUS,1952-1954,VoI.Ⅱ,583.
[1]Walt Rostow.Eisenhower,Kennedy,and Foreign Aid[M].Austin,Tex.:Texas University Press,1985.36.
[2][美]杰弗里·巴勒克拉夫编著,福建师范大学外语系译编室译.国际事务概览,1956-1958[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1990.305.
[1]President Eisenhower addresses Congress regarding the role of foreign assistance.Memorandum.。Document Number:CK3100455653,DDRS.
[2]Michael E.Latham,Modernization as Ideology:American Social Science and "Nation Building"in the Kennedy Era[M].Chapel Hill and London:University of North Carolina Press,2000.55-56.
[3][美]雷讯马著,牛可译.作为意识形态的现代化:社会科学与美国对第三世界政策[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2003.43-44.
[4]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.61
[5]Walt Rostow.Eisenhower,Kennedy,and Foreign Aid[M].Austin,Tex.:Texas University Press,1985.107-108.
[1]北京编译社译.世界和国内经济问题及其对美国外交政策的影响——美国经济及工业研究社研究报告[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1963.13.
[2]DOS intelligence report on "Communist Economic Diplomacy in the Underdeveloped Areas."Report.CK3100171190,DDRS.
[1]DOS intelligence report on "Communist Economic Diplomacy in the Underdeveloped Areas."Report CK3100171192,DDRS.
[2]CK3100171194—CK3100171196,DDRS.
[3]CK3100171199——CK3100171201.DDRS.
[1]S.S.R.Soviet economic aid to foster Soviet political goals in the underdeveloped countries analyzed.Letter.CK3100172248-CK3100172249.,DDRS.
[1]Discussion at 4/17/57 NSC meeting:foreign economic issues relating to national security;allocation of U.S.foreign assistance;economic development assistance;Sino.CK3100232019,DDRS.
[2]S.S.R.DOD studies report "Communist Economic Diplomacy in the Underdeveloped Areas."Letter.CK3100172251,DDRS.
[1]Discussion at 4/17/57 NSC meeting:foreign economic issues relating to national security;allocation of U.S.foreign assistance;economic development assistance;Sino-Soviet economic diplomacy;economic assistance to satellite nations.Miscellaneous.CK3100232013—CK3100232014,DDRS.
[1][美]斯蒂芬·安布罗斯著,徐向辁等译.艾森豪威尔传(下卷)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.392.
[2][美]乔治·凯南著,柴金如等译.当前美国对外政策的现实——危险的阴云[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980.35-37.
[3]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.378.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.384.
[2]Ibid.,p.359.
[3]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.51.
[1]President Eisenhower addresses Congress regarding the role of foreign assistance.Memorandum.CK3100455651,DDRS.
[2][美]吉拉德·米耶,都德莱·西尔斯著,刘鹤等译.经济发展理论的十位大师[M].北京:中国工人出版社,1990.248.
[3]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.49.
[4]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.384.
[1]President Eisenhower addresses Congress regarding the role of foreign assistance.Memorandum.CK3100455651,DDRS.
[1][美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助:对比分析[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974.12.
[2]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.371.
[3][美]杰弗里·巴勒克拉夫编著,福建师范大学外语系译编室译.国际事务概览,1956-1958[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1990,314.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984.372-373.
[2]Ibid.,p.387.
[3]President Eisenhower addresses Congress regarding the role of foreign assistance.Memorandum.CK3100455653,DDRS.
[1]洛克菲勒兄弟基金会关于美国内外政策的三个报告[M].钟嘉儒译.北京:世界知识出版社,1960.260、263.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.379.
[2][美]世界和国内经济问题及其对美国外交政策的影响——美国经济及工业研究社研究报告[M].北京编译社译.北京:世界知识出版社,1963.19.
[3][美]纽约外交学会著,北京编译社译.美国外交政策的基本目的[M].北京;世界知识出版社,1963.35.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.380.
[2]Ibid.
[1]NSC162/2,Basic National Security Policy,FRUS,1952-1954,Vol.Ⅱ,591-593.
[2]U.S.Policy towards Communist China,FRUS,1952-1954,Vol.ⅩⅣ,279-281.
[1]NSC5506,Future United States Economic Assistance for Asia,January 24,1955;Official position to guide U.S.in carrying out economic assistance to Asia.Report.NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL.Feb 5,1955.CK3100450922,DDRS..
[2]Discussion at 4/17/57 NSC meeting.CK3100232017,DDRS.
[1][美]杰弗里·巴勒克拉夫编著,福建师范大学外语系译编室译.国际事务概览,1956-1958[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1990.340.
[2]Statement of Policy by the NSC in the Far East,FRUS,1952-1954,Vol.ⅩⅡ,1066.
[3]NSC5514,Note by the NSC on U.S.Objectives and Courses of Action in Korea,FRUS,1955-1957,Vol.ⅩⅩⅢ,43-44.
[1]Memorandum,Dec.23,1955,CK3100388674,DDRS.
[2]US Policy in Mainland Southeast Asia,Jul 25,1960,CK3100377947,DDRS.
[3]Memorandum from the Secretary of State to the President,FRUS,1958-1960,Vol.ⅩⅥ,42-43.
[1][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下册)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.689-690.
[2]DOS recommends further aid to India.Memorandum,Jul 16,1957.CK3100168354、CK3100168355.DDRS.
[1]崔丕.冷战时期美国对外政策史探微[M].北京;中华书局,2002.209.
[1]Diane B.Kunz,Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.69-70.
[2]Diane B.Zunz.The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis[M].Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,1991.2.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,199?.74.
[2]Ibid.,p.76.
[1]张士智,赵慧杰.美国中东关系史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1993.189.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.80
[3][美]德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔著,静海译.艾森豪威尔回忆录——白宫岁月(下):缔造和平(1959—1961)[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1977.199-200.
[1][美]斯蒂芬·安布罗斯著,徐向辁等译.艾森豪威尔传(下卷)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.389-390.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.91-92.
[3]Diane B.Kunz.The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis[M].Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,1991.192.
[1][美]维农·麦凯著,北京编译社译.世界政治中的非洲[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1965.384.
[1]David D.Newsom.The Imperial Mantle:The United States,Decolonization,and the Third World[M].Bloomington:Indiana University Press,2001.200.
[2]刘金质.冷战史(上)[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2003.267.
[1]Walt Rostow.The Third Round[J].Foreign Affairs(42),October1963.5-6.
[2][美]小阿瑟·施莱辛格著,仲宜译.一千天:约翰·菲·肯尼迪在白宫[M].北京:三联书店,1981,387-388.
[1][美]J·斯帕尼尔著,段若石译.第二次世界大战后美国的外交政策[M].北京:商务印书馆,1992.147-148.
[2][美]阿兰·内文斯编,北京编译社译.和平战略——肯尼迪言论集[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1961.80.
[3]Ibid.,p.360.
[4]Jacob Viner.Economic Foreign Policy of t he New Frontier[J].Foreign Affairs,July 1961.569.
[1][美]哈里·马格多夫著,伍仞译.帝国主义时代——美国对外政策的经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1975.123.
[2]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.2.
[1]M.F.Millikan and W.W.Rostow.Foreign Aid:Next Phase,Foreign Affairs[J].Vol.36,April 1958.422.
[2][美]哈里.马格多夫著,伍仞译.帝国主义时代——美国对外政策的经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1975.53.
[3][美]罗斯托著,郭熙保等译.经济增长的阶段:非共产党宣言[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001.141.
[4]John Kenneth Galbraith.A Positive Approach to Economic Aid.[J].Foreign Affairs,April 1961.
[5]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.119.
[6]Ibid.,pp.5-6.
[1]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.49-50.
[2][美]雷讯马著,牛可译.作为意识形态的现代化:社会科学与美国对第三世界政策[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2003.72.
[3]Max F.Millikan and W.W.Rostow.A Proposal:Key to an Effective Foreign Policy[M].New York:Harper Brothers,1957.54.
[4]Kimber Charles Pears.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].Michigan:Michigan State University Press.2001.72-73.
[1]Edward C.Banfield.American Foreign Aid Doctrines[M].Washington:American Enterprise Institute For Public Policy Research,1963.4-5.
[2]100.Editorial Note,FRUS,1961-1963,Vol.Ⅸ,Section 6.
[3],Robert A.Packenham.Liberal America and the Third World:Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science,Princeton[M].N.J.:Princeton University Press,1973.63.
[1]Editorial Note,FRUS,1961-1963,Vol.Ⅸ,Section 7 of 18,Document 116.
[2]The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961:Public Law 87-195,Approued September 4,1961(Excerpts),American Foreign Policy:Current Documents,1961.1268.
[3]The United States Agency for International Development(USAID),A History of Foreign Assistance.http://www.usaid.gov/about/usaidhist.html
[4]The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961:Public Law 87-195,Approued September 4,1961(Excerpts),American Foreign Policy:Current Documents,1961.1278.
[1]The United States Agency for International Development(USAID),A History of Foreign Assistance.http://www.usaid.gov/about/usaidhist.html
[2]Washington Post,December 1,1961.
[3]The United States Agency for International Development(USAID),A History of Foreign Assistance.http://www.usaid.gov/about/usaidhist.html
[4]USGOP,FRUS,1961- 1963,Vol.Ⅸ[Z].Washington,1995.273.
[1][美]小阿瑟·施莱辛格著,仲宜译.一千天:约翰·菲·肯尼迪在白宫[M].北京:三联书店,1981.467
[2]The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961:Public Law 87-195,Approued September 4,1961(Excerpts),American Foreign Policy:Current Documents,1961.1271.
[1]95.Memorandum From Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy,FRUS,1961-1963,Vol.Ⅸ,Section 6.
[2]94.Memorandum From the President's Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Rostow) to President Kennedy,FRUS,1961-1963,Vol.Ⅸ,Section 6.
[3]112.Memorandum of Conversation,FRUS.1961-1963.Vol.Ⅸ.Section 7.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:the Free Press,1997.124.
[2]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984.376.
[3]Willard L.Beaulac.A Diplomat Looks at Aid to Latin America[M].Carbondale:Southern Illinois University Press,1970.7-8.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984.377.
[2]Jerome Levinson,Juan de Onis.The Alliance That Lost Its Way[M].Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1970.44.
[3]William n.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984.376.
[1][美]德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔著,静海译.艾森豪威尔回忆录——白宫岁月(下):缔造和平(1959—1961)北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1977.592-593.
[2]洪育沂,徐世澄.拉美国际关系史纲[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1996.239-240.
[1]USGPO,FRUS,1961 -1963,Vol.Ⅻ[Z].1996.9-10.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butterand Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].The Free Press,1997.141.
[3]Ibid.,p.120.
[1]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.88.
[2]Michael E.Latham.Modernization as Ideology:American Social Science and "Nation Building"in the Kennedy Era[M].Chapel Hill and London:University of North Carolina Press,2000.79-80.
[3]USGPO,FRUS,1961 -1963,Vol.Ⅻ[Z].1996.11-14.
[4]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M],New York:The Free Press,1997.126.
[5]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.92.
[1]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.8.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.132.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M]New York:The Free Press,1997.134.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M]New York:The Free Press,1997.136.
[2]Barbara Wade Jackson.Foreign Aid:Strategy or Stopgap?[J].Foreign Affairs,.October 1962.100.
[3]Alberto Lleras Camargo.The Alliance for Progress:Aims,Distortions,Obstacles[J].Foreign Affairs,October 1963.25.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.137.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.139-140.
[2]Ibid.,p.142.
[1]USGOP,FRUS,1961-1963,VoI.Ⅸ[Z].Washington,1995.370-373.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.144.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy,New York:The Free Press,1997.145.
[2][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.750.
[1]Jerome Levinson and Juan deOnis.The Alliance That Lost Its Way:A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress[M].Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1970.87-88.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.146
[1]Memorandum to President Johnson on the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,Oct 19,1965,CK3100058448,DDRS.
[2]G.Ranis outlines U.S.foreign economic assistance objectives.0ct 16,1965,CK3100319710,DDRS.
[1]Draft of report on the foreign assistance program,CK3100279502,DDRS.
[2]94.Memorandam from the Assistant Administrator for Program,Agency for International Development(Chenery) to the adminiatrator of the Agency for International Development(Bell),November 23,1964.1964-1968,Vol.Ⅸ,FRUS.
[1]Draft of report on the foreign assistance program,CK3100279508,DDRS.
[1]Draft of report on the foreign assistance program,CK3100279508,DDRS.
[2]William S.Gaud's recommendations to Sec.Rusk on U.S.aid policy for Africa.Memo.CK3100037929,DDRS.
[1]139.Memorandum from the Administrator of the Agency for International Development(Gaud)to President Johnson/1/,July 26,1967.1964-1968,Vol.Ⅸ.FRUS.
[1]1.Memorandum from the Administrator of the Agency for International Development(Bell)to the President' s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs(Bundy),January 7,1964.1964-1968,Vol.Ⅸ.FRUS.
[1][美]雷讯马著,牛可译.作为意识形态的现代化:社会科学与美国对第三世界政策[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2003.9.
[2]Diane B.Kunz,Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:the Free Press,1997.146.
[1][美]唐纳德·怀特著,徐朝友等译.美国的兴盛与衰落[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2002.276-277.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.18.
[1][美]丹·摩根著,张存节译.粮食巨人——国际粮食贸易[M].北京:农业出版社,1983.9.
[1][俄]布拉托夫.美国粮食外交的实质、目的和基础[J].国外社会科学,1995,(12):42-43.
[1][美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助对比分析[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974.76.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.362.
[2][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下册)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.663.
[1]CFEP status report on disposal of surplus agricultural products abroad.CK3100196878——CK3100196879,DDRS.
[1]CFEP discusses making more effective use of agriculture surplus in furtherance of food for peace program.Memorandum.CK3100460688——CK3100460691,DDRS.
[2]ICASD,PL480 ACTIONS,December 17,1954.CK3100352300,DDRS.
[3]FEP requests resolution of problem regarding programs to raise consumption levels and accelerate economic development in less developed areas.Memorandum.CK3100171206,DDRS.
[4]Extention of P.L.480 program(sale of surplus commodities abroad) discussed.Memorandum.CK3100187297,DDRS.
[1](ICASD) CN.P.L.480 ACTIONS,December 17,1954.CK3100352299——CK3100352301,DDRS.
[1]Agricultural surplus disposal.Reference to Apr.29,1954 letter re of Rice to Asia,CK3100352318,DDRS.
[1]Agricultural surplus disposal.Reference to Apr.29,1954 letter re of Rice to Asia,CK3100352322,DDRS.
[2]林承节.印度现代化的发展道路[M].北京:北京大学出版社.2001.89、217.
[3]Report to Eisenhower:Thais want U.S.aid,CK3100461943,DDRS.
[1]CFEP recommends criteria for trading agricultural surplus for strategic materials for stockpiling.Report.CK3100171158,DDRS.
[1]CFEP recommends criteria for trading agricultural surplus for strategic materials for stockpiling.Report.CK3100171159——CK3100171160,DDRS.
[1]CFEP recommends criteria for trading agricultural surplus for strategic materials for stockpiling.Report.CK3100171161,DDRS.
[2]CFEP reviews effect of sales and barter of agricultural surpluses under Public Law 480.Memorandum,CK3100185268,Dens.
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[1]85.Memorandum From Manning H.Williams of the Operations Coordinating Board to the Executive Officer of theOperations Coordinating Board(Smith),FRUS,1961-1963,Vol.Ⅸ.
[2]Johnson Administrative History of the Dept.of State,Vol.Ⅰ:Food Aid Abroad and Public Law 480.CK3100203919,DDRS.
[1]Johnson Administrative History of the Dept.of State,Vol.Ⅰ:Food Aid Abroad and Public Law 480.CK3100203920,DDRS
[2]Johnson Administrative History of the Dept.of State,Vol.Ⅰ:Food Aid Abroad and Public Law 480.CK3100203921,DDRS.
[3]Foreign Aid Program,How American Agriculture Can Make Its Maximum Contribution to the Foreign hid Program(suggestions re use of US agricultural commodities and technology;P.L.480 and agricultural surplus disposal).Memorandum,CK3100355026,DDRS.
[1]Foreign Aid Program,How American Agriculture Can Make Its Maximum Contribution to the Foreign Aid Program(suggestions re use of US agricultural commodities and technology;P.L.480 and agricultural surplus disposal).Memorandum,CK3100355038,DDRS.
[1][美]小阿瑟·施莱辛格著,仲宜译.一千天:约翰·菲·肯尼迪在白宫[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1981.484.
[1]PL-480 program possibilities outlined,CK3100289979,DDRS.
[1]Johnson Administrative History of the Dept.of State,Vol.Ⅰ:Food Aid Abroad and Public Law 480.CK3100203922,DDRS.
[1]Johnson Administrative History of the Dept.of State,Vol.Ⅰ:Food Aid Abroad and Public Law 480.CK3100203925,DBRS.
[2]Memorandum.CK3100174227,DDRS.
[3]Memorandum,CK3100358934,DDRS.
[4]Memorandum to President Lyndon B.Johnson,CK3100484008,DDRS.
[5]John A.Schnittker and Willian S.Gaud's memo to the President on possibilities for additional programming of agricultural commodities under PL 480.Memo.CK3100038228,DDRS.
[1]Memorandum to President Lyndon B.Johnson,CK3100484008
[2]Memorandum for President Lyndon B.Johnson from Bureau of the Budget Director Charles J.Zwick regarding authorization to negotiate a $16.2 million P.L.480 agreement with Morocco for 100,000tons of wheat and 40,000 tons of soybean oil.Memo,CK3100148477,DDRS.
[3]Draft memo,3/28/65,on PL-480 Title I agreement with India.,CK3100046443、CK3100046444,DDRS.
[1](India.Discussion of negotiations for a new P.L.480,Title I,agreement with India.) Memorandum,David E.Bell,Administrator,to the President,CK3100358915——CK3100358916,DDRS.
[2]John A.Schnittker and WilliamS.Gaud's memo to the President on possibilities for additional programming of agricultural commodities under PL 480.Memo.CK3100038228,DDRS.
[3]Memorandum to President Lyndon B.Johnson,CK3100133955,DDRS.
[1]William S.Gaud's memorandum for President Johnson pertaining to authorization for fiscal year 1968 supporting assistance and the PL-480 program for South Korea.Memo,CK3100132311——CK3100132313,DDRS.
[2]PL-480 program possibilities outlined,CK3100289978,DDRS.
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[1]Purposes,objectives and benefits derived from U.S.foreign assistance programs,CK3100319759,DDRS.
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——,1953-1961,PL480,CK3100196878—CK3100196879、CK3100460688—CK3100460691、CK3100352300、CK3100171206、CK3100187297、CK3100352299CK3100352322、CK3100461943、CK3100171158—CK3100171161、CK3100185268、CK3100455965、CK3100203905
——,1953-1961,Economic Diplomacy and Foreign Aid,CK3100171190—CK3100171204、CK3100172248—CK3100172251、CK3100232013—CK3100232019、CK3100455651—CK3100455653、CK3100177664、CK3100309762、CK3100168354、CK3100450922
——,1961-1963,PL480,CK3100203919—CK3100203925、CK3100355026—CK3100355038、CK3100289979、CK3100174227、CK3100358934、
——,1963-1969,Foreign Aid,CK3100058445——CK3100058449、CK3100319710——CK3100319716、CK3100279502、CK3100328290、CK3100279508——CK3100279509、CK3100010969、CK3100037929
——,1963-1969,PL480,CK3100038227—CK3100038228、CK3100484008、CK3100148477、CK3100148473、CK3100148475、CK3100133955、CK3100180850、CK3100132311—CK3100132313、CK3100145443—CK3100145444、CK3100094354、CK3100289978、CK3100203918、CK3100319759
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[1]白建才.大战略、遏制战略与隐蔽行动等诸战略——美国的冷战战略析论[J],陕西师范大学学报,2005,(6).
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[3]戴超武.肯尼迪-约翰逊时期的外交与第三世界[J].美国研究,2006,(2).
[4]王立新.试论美国外交史上的对外干预——兼论自由主义意识形态对美国对外干预的影响[J].美国研究,2005,(2).
[5]王玮.论冷战的历史根源[J].世界历史,2002,(2).
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.328-331.
[3]Diane B.Kunz.The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis[M].Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,1991.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Poker:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M],New York:Columbia University Press,1984.335-336.
[2]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War[M].New York:Columbia University Press 1985.2-3.
[3]Williams,William Appleman.The Tragedy of American Diplomacy[M].New York:Dell Publishing Co.,Inc.,1972.Introduction,2-3.
[1]Williams,William Appleman.The Tragedy of American Diplomacy[M].New York,N.Y.:Dell Publishing Co.,Inc.,1972.57.
[2]Gabriel Kolko.Confronting The Third World:United States Foreign Policy,1945-1980[M].New York:Pantheon Books,1988.preface,x、12、123.
[3]Joyce Kolko and Gabriel Kolko.The Limits of Power:The World and United States Foreign Policy,1945-1954[M].New york:Harper&Row,publishers,1972:Walter LaFeber.The New Empire[M].Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1963;Lloyd Gardner.Architects of Illusion[M].Chicago:Qudrangle Books,1970;Stephen E.Ambrose.Rise to Globalism:American Foreign Policy Since 1938(Seven Revised Edition)[M].New York,N.Y.:Penguin Books,1993.
[1]Joseph M.Siracusa,New Left and Diplomatic Histories and Historians[M].Claremont:Regina Books,1993.75-76.
[2]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.Introduction.
[3]Jeffrey F.Taffet,Foreign Aid as Foreign Policy:The Alliance for Progress in Latin America[M].New York:Routledge,2007.
[4]Robert A.Packenham,Liberal America and the Third World:Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science[M].Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1973.
[5]David Porter.U.S.Economic Foreign Aid:A Case Study of the United States Agency for International Development[M].New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1990.
[6]Wil Hout.Capitalism and the Third World:Development,Dependence,and the World System[M].Brookfield,Vt:Edwar Elgar,1993;David D.Newsom.The Imperial Mantle:The United States,Decolonization,and the Third World[M].Bloomington:Indiana University Press,2001;John L.S.Girling.Americaand the Third World:Revolution and Intervention[M].London;Boston:Routledge &Kegan Paul,1980;Javier Gonzalo Alcalde.The Idea of Third World Development:Emerging Perspectives in the United States and Britain[M].Lanham,MD:University Press of America,1987;Henry W.Brands.The Specter of Neutralism:The United States and the Emergence of the Third World,1947-1960[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1989;Zachary Karabell,Architects of Intervention:The United States,the Third World,and the Cold War[M].Baton Rouge:Lousiana State University Press,1999;Melvin Gurtov.The United States Against the Third World:Antinationalism and Intervention[M].New York:PraegerPublishers,1974.
[7]Edward S.Manson.Foreign Aid and Foreign Policy[M].New York:Harper & Row,1964;Edward C.Banfield,American Foreign Aid Doctrines[M].Washington:American Enterprise Institute For Public Policy Research,1963;Michael Kent O' Leary,The Politics of American Foreign Aid[M].New Brunswick,N.J.:Aldine Transaction,2007.
[1][美]世界和国内经济问题及其对美国外交政策的影响——美国经济及工业研究社研究报告[M].北京编译社译.北京:世界知识出版社,1963;[美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助:对比分析[M].北京;商务印书馆,1974;[美]哈里·马格多夫著.伍仞译.帝国主义时代——美国对外政策的经济学[M].北京;商务印书馆,1975;[苏]格列切夫著,何清新译,第二次世界大战后的美国殖民政策[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1960:[苏]苏联科学院美国加拿大研究所编,徐更生等译,美国对外经济战略[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1982,
[2]《战后美国经济》编写组.战后美国经济[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1974.
[3]王晓德.1989年以来中国的美国外交史研究(C).胡国成.透视美国:近年来中国的美国研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002.125.
[4]洪国起,王晓德.冲突与合作——美国与拉丁美洲关系的历史考察[M].太原:山西高校联合出版社,1994;张士智,赵慧杰.美国中东关系史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1993;王玮.美国对亚太政策的演变1776-1995[M].济南:山东人民出版社,1995:梁根成.美国与非洲[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1991.
[5]林珏.战后美国对外贸易政策研究[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,1995.
[6]叶江.大变局—全球化、冷战与当代国际政治经济关系[M].上海:上海三联书店,2004.
[1]周永生.经济外交[M].北京:中国青年出版社,2004;张学斌.经济外交[M].北京;北京大学出版社,2003.
[2]周弘.对外援助与国际关系[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002;王慧英.肯尼迪与美国对外经济援助[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2007.
[3]如张彩梅的《杜鲁门时期美国对外援助政策研究》、郭拥军的《争取进步联盟研究》、刘洪丰的《美国对韩国援助政策研究》、贺光辉的《美日对外援助之比较》等。
[4]张小明.冷战及其遗产[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1998;刘金质.冷战史(上、中、下)[M].北京:世界知识出版社.2004.
[1]DOS intelligence report on "Communist Economic Diplomacy in the Underdeveloped Areas.",CK3100171190,Declassified Documents References System(Hereafter Cited as DDRS)..
[2]鲁毅,黄金祺等.外交学概论[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2004.167;周永生.经济外交[M].北京:中国青年出版社,2004.22:张学斌.经济外交[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.6.
[3]张敏谦.美国对外经济战略[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2001.导论第8页.
[1]白建才.大战略、遏制战略与隐蔽行动等诸战略——美国的冷战战略析论[J].陕西师范大学学报,2005,(6):27-34.
[2]周启元,姜圣复.国际经济关系学[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1990.34.
[1]DOS intelligence report on "Communist Economic Diplomacy in the Underdeveloped Areas.",CK3100171199—CK310017120,DDRS.
[1]George Liska,The New Statecraft:Foreign Aid in American Foreign Policy[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1960.62.
[2]David Porter.U.S.Economic Foreign Aid:A Case Study of the United States Agency for International Development[M].New York:Garland Publishing,Inc.,1990.24.
[3]Alan P.Dobson.US Economic Statecraft for Survival 1933-1991:of Sanctions.Embargoes and Economic Warfare[M].New York,N.Y.:Routedge,2002.1-2.
[1]Arthur M.Schlesinger,Jr..The Cycles of American History[M].Boston,Mass.:Houghton Mifflin,1986.52.
[1]Jeffrey E.Garten.Business and Foreign Affairs[J].Foreign Affairs,Vol,76,No.3,May/June 1997.68-69.
[2][美]杰里尔·罗赛蒂著,周启朋等译.美国对外政策的政治学[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2005.418.
[3]Christopher Layne,Benjamin Schwarz.American Hegemony-Without An Enemy[J].Foreign Policy,No.92,Fall 1993.13.
[1]杨生茂.美国外交政策史:1775-1989[M]北京;人民出版社,1991.33.
[2]Ibid.,pp.23-24.
[1]杨生茂.美国外交政策史1775-1989[M].北京:人民出版社,1991.46-47.
[1]杨生茂.美国外交政策史:1775-1989[M].北京:人民出版社,1991.212.
[2]Ibid.
[1]William Appleman Williams.The Tragedy of American Diplomacy[M].New York,N.Y.:Dell Publishing Co.,Inc.,1972.57.
[2]Arthur M.Schlesinger,Jr..The Cycles of American History[M].Boston,Boston,Mass.:Houghton Mifflin.1986.130.
[1]Thomas G.Paterson and J.G.Hagan,American Foreign Policy:A History(Vol.2)[M].Lexington,Mass.:D.C.Health& C.,1983.326.
[2]Joseph Brandes.Herbert Hoover and Economic Diplomacy:Department of Commerce Policy 1924-1928[M].Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh Press,1962.26-27.
[3]Ibid.,pp.85-86.
[1]Joseph Brandes.Herbert Hoover and Economic Diplomacy:Department of Commerce Policy 1924-1928[M].Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh Press,1962.192-204.
[1]NSC5501,Basic National Security Policy,Section C,FRUS,1955-1957,Vol.XIX,34-35.
[2]杨生茂.美国外交政策史:1775-1989[M].北京:人民出版社,1991.370.
[3]lloyd C.Gardner.Economic Aspects of New Deal Diplomacy[M].Madison:The University of Wisconsin Press,1964.65.
[4]Ibid.,p.47.
[1]lloyd C.Gardner.Economic Aspects of New Deal Diplomacy[M].Madison:The University of Wisconsin Press.1964.52-53.
[2][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第一卷):决定性的一年1945[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.426.
[1][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第一卷):决定性的一年1945[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.147.
[2][美]威廉·哈代·麦克尼尔著,叶佐译.美国、英国和俄国:它们的冲突和合作,1941-1946[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2007.977-978.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.23-24.
[1][英]哈·麦金德著,林尔蔚等译.历史的地理枢纽[M].北京:商务印书馆,1985.13.
[2]NSC7,The Position of the United states with Respect to Soviet-directed World Communism,30 March 1948,FRUS.1948,Vol.Ⅰ,546.
[3]NSC20/4,U.S.Objective with Respect to the U.S.S.R.to Counter Soviet Threats to U.S.Security,23November 1948,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅰ,667.
[1]U.S.Congress,House of Representatives,Committee on Foreign Affairs,Assistance to Greece and Turkey;Marshall to Robert Lovett,23 April 1948,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅲ,103.
[2]Comments at the first meeting of the Washington Exploratory Talks on Security,6 July 1948,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅲ,150.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:the Free Press,1997.58.
[1]Report by the Joint Strategic Survey Committee,FRUS,1947,Vol.Ⅰ,738-750.
[2]张曙光.美国的遏制战略与冷战起源再探[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2007,301.
[1]Memorandum,FRUS,1946 Vol.Ⅶ,1-6.
[2]Memorandum Prepared in the Department of State,FRUS,1947,Vol.Ⅴ,575-576.
[1]刘同舜.“冷战”、“遏制”和大西洋联盟——1945-1950年美国战略决策资料选编[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1993.86。
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:the Free Press,1997.30.
[3]Melvyn P.Leffler.A Preponderance of Power:National Security,the Truman Administration and the Cold War[M].Stanford,California:Stanford University Press,1992.144.
[1]William Appleman Williams.The Tragedy of American Diplomacy[M].New York,N.Y.:Dell Publishing Co.,Inc.,1972.52.
[2]Ibid.,p.269.
[3]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.17.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984,352.
[2][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下册)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.618.
[3]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1985.121.
[1]Arthur M.Schlesinger,Jr..The Dynamics of World Power:A Documentary History of United States Foreign Policy(Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union)[M].New York:Chelsea House Publishers,1973.309-313.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.342.
[2]Ibid.,pp.342-343.
[1]PPS1,Policy with Respect to American Aid to West Europe,FRUS,1947,Vol.Ⅲ,227.
[2]刘金质.冷战史(上册)[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2003.119.
[1]张士智,赵慧杰.美国中东关系史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1993.119.
[2][英]乔治·柯克.1945-1950年的中东[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1980.72.
[1]Memorandum,FRUS,1947,Vol.Ⅶ,222-228.
[2]Draft Report of the NSC,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅷ,44-50.
[3]Memorandum,FRUS,1947 Ⅷ,917-918.
[4]Memorandum of Conversation,FRUS,1948 Ⅷ,78.
[5]Draft Report of the NSC,FRUS,1948 Ⅷ,44-50.
[1]United States Department of State.The China White Paper(United States Relations with China,with Special Reference to the Period 1944-1949)[M].Volume I.Stanford,Calif.:Stanford University Press,1967.380-384.
[1]崔丕.美国的冷战战略与巴黎统筹委员会、中国委员会(1945-1994)[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2000.185.
[2]PPS39,To Review and Define United States Policy Toward China,September 7,1948,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅷ.146-155.
[3]PPS39/I,To Review and Define United States Policy Toward China,November 23,1948,FRUS,1948,Vol.Ⅷ.208-209.
[4]FRUS,1948 Vol.Ⅷ.146-155.
[1]The Secretary of State to Certain Diplomatic Office,June 12,1950,Definitions of U.S.Criteria for 1A and 1B Policy and Commodity Areas Covered.FRUS,1950,Vol.Ⅳ.146-148.
[2]NSC41,U.S.Policy Regarding Trade with China,February 28,1949,FRUS,1949,Vol.Ⅸ.826-834.
[3]Gunnar Adler-Karlsson.Western Economic Warfare 1947-1967:A Case Study in Foreign Economic Policy[M].Stockholm:Almqvist & Wiksell,1968.217-219.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984,350.
[1]崔丕.美国的冷战战略与巴黎统筹委员会、中国委员会(1945-1994)[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,2000.207.
[2]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984.350.
[1]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1985.204-205.
[2]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program.Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.19.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.Introduction,X.
[2]Henry Kissinger.Diplomacy[M].New York:Simon & Schuster,1994.154.
[3]David A.Baldwin,Economic Development and American Foreign Policy,1943-62[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1966.73-74.
[4]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1985.207.
[5][美]唐纳德·怀特著,徐朝友等译.美国的兴盛与衰落[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2002.292.
[6][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷):考验和希望的年代1946-1953[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.274-275.
[1]Thomas A.Bailey.A Diplomatic History of the American People[M].New York:Meridith Publishing Company,1964.804.
[1][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷):考验和希望的年代1946-1953[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.276、282-284.
[2]Dennis Merrill,ed.:Documentary History of the Truman Presidency,Volume 27,The Point Four Program:Reaching Out to Help the Less Developed Countries[Z].Bethesda,MD:University Publications of America,1999.501.
[3]Ibid.,pp.776、9.
[1]The genesis of the point four program,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,758-759.
[1]资中筠.追根溯源——战后美国对华政策的缘起和发展(1945-1950)[M].上海;上海人民出版社,2000.绪论第3页.
[2][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷):考验和希望的年代1946-1953[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974,282-283.
[3][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.601-602.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[R].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.Introduction,ⅸ.
[1]Robert A.Pollard,Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950.New York:Columbia University Press,1985.205-208.
[2][美]哈里·杜鲁门著,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷):考验和希望的年代1946-1953[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.276.
[3][美]雷讯马著,牛可译.作为意识形态的现代化:社会科学与美国对第三世界政策[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2003.40.
[4]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.5.
[1]Bradford Westfield.The Instruments of America' s Foreign Policy[M].New York:Thomas Y.Crowell Company,1963.357.
[2]《战后世界历史长编》编委会.战后世界历史长编(1949年)第1编第5分册[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1980.4.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.5.
[2]《战后世界历史长编》编委会.《战后世界历史长编(1948年)》第1编第4分册[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1978.171.
[1][美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助对比分析[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974.50-51.
[2]Thomas G.Paterson.Meeting the Communist Threat:From Truman to Reagan[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1988.149.
[3]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program.Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.11.
[1][美]拉尔夫·德·贝茨著,南京大学历史系英美对外关系研究室译.1933-1973美国史(下卷)杜鲁门—尼克松当政时期:1945-1973[M].北京:人民出版社,1984.93.
[2]Dennis Merrill,ed.Documentary History of the Truman Presidency(Vol.27)[M].UPA,1999.4.
[3][美]哈里·杜鲁门,李石译.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷):考验和希望的年代1946-1953[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.270-272.
[1]GPO,American Foreign Policy1950-1955,Basic Documents,Vol.2,3047-3054.转引自战后世界历史长编(1949年)第1编第5分册[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1980.19-20.
[2]Memorandum by the Secretary of State to President Truman,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,760-761.
[1]Objectives and Nature of Point Ⅳ,Memorandum for the President,March 14,1949.FRUS,1949,Volume 1,777-778.
[1]Substance of the Program,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,779-780.
[1]Emphasis in the Program,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,779-782.
[1]Conclusion,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,782-783.
[1][美]哈里·杜鲁门.杜鲁门回忆录(第2卷)[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1974.275.
[2]Memorandum by the Technical Cooperation Administor to the Under Secretary of State,FRUS,1951,Volume 1,1641-1642.
[3]Memorandum by the Technical Cooperation Administor to the Director of the Management Staff,FRUS,1951,Volume 1,1644-1645.
[1]The Director of the Office United Nations Economic and Social Affairs to the Assistant Secretary of State for United Nations Afairs,FRUS,1951,Volume 1,1647-1648.
[1]Draft National Security Council Staff Study,FRUS,1951,Volume 1,1651-1657.
[2]Memorandum by the Secretary of State to President Truman,FRUS,1949,Volume 1,776.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.171.
[2]Ibid.,p.177.
[1]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1985.217.
[2]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.178-179.
[1]Robert A.Packenham.Liberal America and the Third World:Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science[M].Princeton,N.J.:Princeton University Press,1973.46.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin.The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.85-86.
[2]Ibid.,pp.87-88.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.105-106.
[2]Ibid.,pp.108-114.
[1]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.122.
[2]Walt Rostow.Eisenhower,Kennedy,and Foreign Aid[M].Austin,Tex.:Texas University Press,1985.58-60.
[1]Robert A.Pollard.Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War,1945-1950[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1985.208.
[2][澳]海因茨·阿恩特著,唐宇华等译.经济发展思想史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.68.
[3]Sergei Y.Shenin,The United States and the Third World:The Origins of Postwar Relations and the Point Four Program[M].Huntington,N.Y.:Nova Science Publishers,Inc.,2000.21-22.
[4]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.353.
[5][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.637.
[1]Memorandum of Discussion at the 266~(th) Meeting of the NSC,FRUS,1955-1957,Vol.Ⅹ,28-31.
[1][美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助对比分析[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974.9.
[1]NSC162/2,Basic National Security Policy,FRUS,1952-1954,VoI.Ⅱ,578.
[2]NSC162/2,Basic National Security Policy,FRUS,1952-1954,VoI.Ⅱ,583.
[1]Walt Rostow.Eisenhower,Kennedy,and Foreign Aid[M].Austin,Tex.:Texas University Press,1985.36.
[2][美]杰弗里·巴勒克拉夫编著,福建师范大学外语系译编室译.国际事务概览,1956-1958[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1990.305.
[1]President Eisenhower addresses Congress regarding the role of foreign assistance.Memorandum.。Document Number:CK3100455653,DDRS.
[2]Michael E.Latham,Modernization as Ideology:American Social Science and "Nation Building"in the Kennedy Era[M].Chapel Hill and London:University of North Carolina Press,2000.55-56.
[3][美]雷讯马著,牛可译.作为意识形态的现代化:社会科学与美国对第三世界政策[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2003.43-44.
[4]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.61
[5]Walt Rostow.Eisenhower,Kennedy,and Foreign Aid[M].Austin,Tex.:Texas University Press,1985.107-108.
[1]北京编译社译.世界和国内经济问题及其对美国外交政策的影响——美国经济及工业研究社研究报告[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1963.13.
[2]DOS intelligence report on "Communist Economic Diplomacy in the Underdeveloped Areas."Report.CK3100171190,DDRS.
[1]DOS intelligence report on "Communist Economic Diplomacy in the Underdeveloped Areas."Report CK3100171192,DDRS.
[2]CK3100171194—CK3100171196,DDRS.
[3]CK3100171199——CK3100171201.DDRS.
[1]S.S.R.Soviet economic aid to foster Soviet political goals in the underdeveloped countries analyzed.Letter.CK3100172248-CK3100172249.,DDRS.
[1]Discussion at 4/17/57 NSC meeting:foreign economic issues relating to national security;allocation of U.S.foreign assistance;economic development assistance;Sino.CK3100232019,DDRS.
[2]S.S.R.DOD studies report "Communist Economic Diplomacy in the Underdeveloped Areas."Letter.CK3100172251,DDRS.
[1]Discussion at 4/17/57 NSC meeting:foreign economic issues relating to national security;allocation of U.S.foreign assistance;economic development assistance;Sino-Soviet economic diplomacy;economic assistance to satellite nations.Miscellaneous.CK3100232013—CK3100232014,DDRS.
[1][美]斯蒂芬·安布罗斯著,徐向辁等译.艾森豪威尔传(下卷)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.392.
[2][美]乔治·凯南著,柴金如等译.当前美国对外政策的现实——危险的阴云[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980.35-37.
[3]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.378.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.384.
[2]Ibid.,p.359.
[3]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.51.
[1]President Eisenhower addresses Congress regarding the role of foreign assistance.Memorandum.CK3100455651,DDRS.
[2][美]吉拉德·米耶,都德莱·西尔斯著,刘鹤等译.经济发展理论的十位大师[M].北京:中国工人出版社,1990.248.
[3]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.49.
[4]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.384.
[1]President Eisenhower addresses Congress regarding the role of foreign assistance.Memorandum.CK3100455651,DDRS.
[1][美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助:对比分析[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974.12.
[2]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.371.
[3][美]杰弗里·巴勒克拉夫编著,福建师范大学外语系译编室译.国际事务概览,1956-1958[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1990,314.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984.372-373.
[2]Ibid.,p.387.
[3]President Eisenhower addresses Congress regarding the role of foreign assistance.Memorandum.CK3100455653,DDRS.
[1]洛克菲勒兄弟基金会关于美国内外政策的三个报告[M].钟嘉儒译.北京:世界知识出版社,1960.260、263.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.379.
[2][美]世界和国内经济问题及其对美国外交政策的影响——美国经济及工业研究社研究报告[M].北京编译社译.北京:世界知识出版社,1963.19.
[3][美]纽约外交学会著,北京编译社译.美国外交政策的基本目的[M].北京;世界知识出版社,1963.35.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells,Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.380.
[2]Ibid.
[1]NSC162/2,Basic National Security Policy,FRUS,1952-1954,Vol.Ⅱ,591-593.
[2]U.S.Policy towards Communist China,FRUS,1952-1954,Vol.ⅩⅣ,279-281.
[1]NSC5506,Future United States Economic Assistance for Asia,January 24,1955;Official position to guide U.S.in carrying out economic assistance to Asia.Report.NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL.Feb 5,1955.CK3100450922,DDRS..
[2]Discussion at 4/17/57 NSC meeting.CK3100232017,DDRS.
[1][美]杰弗里·巴勒克拉夫编著,福建师范大学外语系译编室译.国际事务概览,1956-1958[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1990.340.
[2]Statement of Policy by the NSC in the Far East,FRUS,1952-1954,Vol.ⅩⅡ,1066.
[3]NSC5514,Note by the NSC on U.S.Objectives and Courses of Action in Korea,FRUS,1955-1957,Vol.ⅩⅩⅢ,43-44.
[1]Memorandum,Dec.23,1955,CK3100388674,DDRS.
[2]US Policy in Mainland Southeast Asia,Jul 25,1960,CK3100377947,DDRS.
[3]Memorandum from the Secretary of State to the President,FRUS,1958-1960,Vol.ⅩⅥ,42-43.
[1][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下册)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.689-690.
[2]DOS recommends further aid to India.Memorandum,Jul 16,1957.CK3100168354、CK3100168355.DDRS.
[1]崔丕.冷战时期美国对外政策史探微[M].北京;中华书局,2002.209.
[1]Diane B.Kunz,Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.69-70.
[2]Diane B.Zunz.The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis[M].Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,1991.2.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,199?.74.
[2]Ibid.,p.76.
[1]张士智,赵慧杰.美国中东关系史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1993.189.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.80
[3][美]德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔著,静海译.艾森豪威尔回忆录——白宫岁月(下):缔造和平(1959—1961)[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1977.199-200.
[1][美]斯蒂芬·安布罗斯著,徐向辁等译.艾森豪威尔传(下卷)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.389-390.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.91-92.
[3]Diane B.Kunz.The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis[M].Chapel Hill:The University of North Carolina Press,1991.192.
[1][美]维农·麦凯著,北京编译社译.世界政治中的非洲[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1965.384.
[1]David D.Newsom.The Imperial Mantle:The United States,Decolonization,and the Third World[M].Bloomington:Indiana University Press,2001.200.
[2]刘金质.冷战史(上)[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2003.267.
[1]Walt Rostow.The Third Round[J].Foreign Affairs(42),October1963.5-6.
[2][美]小阿瑟·施莱辛格著,仲宜译.一千天:约翰·菲·肯尼迪在白宫[M].北京:三联书店,1981,387-388.
[1][美]J·斯帕尼尔著,段若石译.第二次世界大战后美国的外交政策[M].北京:商务印书馆,1992.147-148.
[2][美]阿兰·内文斯编,北京编译社译.和平战略——肯尼迪言论集[M].北京:世界知识出版社,1961.80.
[3]Ibid.,p.360.
[4]Jacob Viner.Economic Foreign Policy of t he New Frontier[J].Foreign Affairs,July 1961.569.
[1][美]哈里·马格多夫著,伍仞译.帝国主义时代——美国对外政策的经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1975.123.
[2]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.2.
[1]M.F.Millikan and W.W.Rostow.Foreign Aid:Next Phase,Foreign Affairs[J].Vol.36,April 1958.422.
[2][美]哈里.马格多夫著,伍仞译.帝国主义时代——美国对外政策的经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1975.53.
[3][美]罗斯托著,郭熙保等译.经济增长的阶段:非共产党宣言[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001.141.
[4]John Kenneth Galbraith.A Positive Approach to Economic Aid.[J].Foreign Affairs,April 1961.
[5]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.119.
[6]Ibid.,pp.5-6.
[1]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.49-50.
[2][美]雷讯马著,牛可译.作为意识形态的现代化:社会科学与美国对第三世界政策[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2003.72.
[3]Max F.Millikan and W.W.Rostow.A Proposal:Key to an Effective Foreign Policy[M].New York:Harper Brothers,1957.54.
[4]Kimber Charles Pears.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].Michigan:Michigan State University Press.2001.72-73.
[1]Edward C.Banfield.American Foreign Aid Doctrines[M].Washington:American Enterprise Institute For Public Policy Research,1963.4-5.
[2]100.Editorial Note,FRUS,1961-1963,Vol.Ⅸ,Section 6.
[3],Robert A.Packenham.Liberal America and the Third World:Political Development Ideas in Foreign Aid and Social Science,Princeton[M].N.J.:Princeton University Press,1973.63.
[1]Editorial Note,FRUS,1961-1963,Vol.Ⅸ,Section 7 of 18,Document 116.
[2]The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961:Public Law 87-195,Approued September 4,1961(Excerpts),American Foreign Policy:Current Documents,1961.1268.
[3]The United States Agency for International Development(USAID),A History of Foreign Assistance.http://www.usaid.gov/about/usaidhist.html
[4]The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961:Public Law 87-195,Approued September 4,1961(Excerpts),American Foreign Policy:Current Documents,1961.1278.
[1]The United States Agency for International Development(USAID),A History of Foreign Assistance.http://www.usaid.gov/about/usaidhist.html
[2]Washington Post,December 1,1961.
[3]The United States Agency for International Development(USAID),A History of Foreign Assistance.http://www.usaid.gov/about/usaidhist.html
[4]USGOP,FRUS,1961- 1963,Vol.Ⅸ[Z].Washington,1995.273.
[1][美]小阿瑟·施莱辛格著,仲宜译.一千天:约翰·菲·肯尼迪在白宫[M].北京:三联书店,1981.467
[2]The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961:Public Law 87-195,Approued September 4,1961(Excerpts),American Foreign Policy:Current Documents,1961.1271.
[1]95.Memorandum From Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy,FRUS,1961-1963,Vol.Ⅸ,Section 6.
[2]94.Memorandum From the President's Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Rostow) to President Kennedy,FRUS,1961-1963,Vol.Ⅸ,Section 6.
[3]112.Memorandum of Conversation,FRUS.1961-1963.Vol.Ⅸ.Section 7.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:the Free Press,1997.124.
[2]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984.376.
[3]Willard L.Beaulac.A Diplomat Looks at Aid to Latin America[M].Carbondale:Southern Illinois University Press,1970.7-8.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984.377.
[2]Jerome Levinson,Juan de Onis.The Alliance That Lost Its Way[M].Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1970.44.
[3]William n.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789,New York:Columbia University Press,1984.376.
[1][美]德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔著,静海译.艾森豪威尔回忆录——白宫岁月(下):缔造和平(1959—1961)北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1977.592-593.
[2]洪育沂,徐世澄.拉美国际关系史纲[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1996.239-240.
[1]USGPO,FRUS,1961 -1963,Vol.Ⅻ[Z].1996.9-10.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butterand Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].The Free Press,1997.141.
[3]Ibid.,p.120.
[1]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.88.
[2]Michael E.Latham.Modernization as Ideology:American Social Science and "Nation Building"in the Kennedy Era[M].Chapel Hill and London:University of North Carolina Press,2000.79-80.
[3]USGPO,FRUS,1961 -1963,Vol.Ⅻ[Z].1996.11-14.
[4]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M],New York:The Free Press,1997.126.
[5]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.92.
[1]Kimber Charles Pearce.Rostow,Kennedy,and the Rhetoric of Foreign Aid[M].East Lansing:Michigan State University Press,2001.8.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.132.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M]New York:The Free Press,1997.134.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M]New York:The Free Press,1997.136.
[2]Barbara Wade Jackson.Foreign Aid:Strategy or Stopgap?[J].Foreign Affairs,.October 1962.100.
[3]Alberto Lleras Camargo.The Alliance for Progress:Aims,Distortions,Obstacles[J].Foreign Affairs,October 1963.25.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.137.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.139-140.
[2]Ibid.,p.142.
[1]USGOP,FRUS,1961-1963,VoI.Ⅸ[Z].Washington,1995.370-373.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.144.
[1]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy,New York:The Free Press,1997.145.
[2][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.750.
[1]Jerome Levinson and Juan deOnis.The Alliance That Lost Its Way:A Critical Report on the Alliance for Progress[M].Chicago:Quadrangle Books,1970.87-88.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.146
[1]Memorandum to President Johnson on the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,Oct 19,1965,CK3100058448,DDRS.
[2]G.Ranis outlines U.S.foreign economic assistance objectives.0ct 16,1965,CK3100319710,DDRS.
[1]Draft of report on the foreign assistance program,CK3100279502,DDRS.
[2]94.Memorandam from the Assistant Administrator for Program,Agency for International Development(Chenery) to the adminiatrator of the Agency for International Development(Bell),November 23,1964.1964-1968,Vol.Ⅸ,FRUS.
[1]Draft of report on the foreign assistance program,CK3100279508,DDRS.
[1]Draft of report on the foreign assistance program,CK3100279508,DDRS.
[2]William S.Gaud's recommendations to Sec.Rusk on U.S.aid policy for Africa.Memo.CK3100037929,DDRS.
[1]139.Memorandum from the Administrator of the Agency for International Development(Gaud)to President Johnson/1/,July 26,1967.1964-1968,Vol.Ⅸ.FRUS.
[1]1.Memorandum from the Administrator of the Agency for International Development(Bell)to the President' s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs(Bundy),January 7,1964.1964-1968,Vol.Ⅸ.FRUS.
[1][美]雷讯马著,牛可译.作为意识形态的现代化:社会科学与美国对第三世界政策[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2003.9.
[2]Diane B.Kunz,Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:the Free Press,1997.146.
[1][美]唐纳德·怀特著,徐朝友等译.美国的兴盛与衰落[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2002.276-277.
[2]Diane B.Kunz.Butter and Guns:America' s Cold War Economic Diplomacy[M].New York:The Free Press,1997.18.
[1][美]丹·摩根著,张存节译.粮食巨人——国际粮食贸易[M].北京:农业出版社,1983.9.
[1][俄]布拉托夫.美国粮食外交的实质、目的和基础[J].国外社会科学,1995,(12):42-43.
[1][美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助对比分析[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974.76.
[1]William H.Becker and Samuel F.Wells.Economics and World Power:An Assessment of American Diplomacy Since 1789[M].New York:Columbia University Press,1984.362.
[2][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下册)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.663.
[1]CFEP status report on disposal of surplus agricultural products abroad.CK3100196878——CK3100196879,DDRS.
[1]CFEP discusses making more effective use of agriculture surplus in furtherance of food for peace program.Memorandum.CK3100460688——CK3100460691,DDRS.
[2]ICASD,PL480 ACTIONS,December 17,1954.CK3100352300,DDRS.
[3]FEP requests resolution of problem regarding programs to raise consumption levels and accelerate economic development in less developed areas.Memorandum.CK3100171206,DDRS.
[4]Extention of P.L.480 program(sale of surplus commodities abroad) discussed.Memorandum.CK3100187297,DDRS.
[1](ICASD) CN.P.L.480 ACTIONS,December 17,1954.CK3100352299——CK3100352301,DDRS.
[1]Agricultural surplus disposal.Reference to Apr.29,1954 letter re of Rice to Asia,CK3100352318,DDRS.
[1]Agricultural surplus disposal.Reference to Apr.29,1954 letter re of Rice to Asia,CK3100352322,DDRS.
[2]林承节.印度现代化的发展道路[M].北京:北京大学出版社.2001.89、217.
[3]Report to Eisenhower:Thais want U.S.aid,CK3100461943,DDRS.
[1]CFEP recommends criteria for trading agricultural surplus for strategic materials for stockpiling.Report.CK3100171158,DDRS.
[1]CFEP recommends criteria for trading agricultural surplus for strategic materials for stockpiling.Report.CK3100171159——CK3100171160,DDRS.
[1]CFEP recommends criteria for trading agricultural surplus for strategic materials for stockpiling.Report.CK3100171161,DDRS.
[2]CFEP reviews effect of sales and barter of agricultural surpluses under Public Law 480.Memorandum,CK3100185268,Dens.
[3][美]托马斯·帕特森等著,李庆余译.美国外交政策(下)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.663.
[4][美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助对比分析[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974.76.
[1]85.Memorandum From Manning H.Williams of the Operations Coordinating Board to the Executive Officer of theOperations Coordinating Board(Smith),FRUS,1961-1963,Vol.Ⅸ.
[2]Johnson Administrative History of the Dept.of State,Vol.Ⅰ:Food Aid Abroad and Public Law 480.CK3100203919,DDRS.
[1]Johnson Administrative History of the Dept.of State,Vol.Ⅰ:Food Aid Abroad and Public Law 480.CK3100203920,DDRS
[2]Johnson Administrative History of the Dept.of State,Vol.Ⅰ:Food Aid Abroad and Public Law 480.CK3100203921,DDRS.
[3]Foreign Aid Program,How American Agriculture Can Make Its Maximum Contribution to the Foreign hid Program(suggestions re use of US agricultural commodities and technology;P.L.480 and agricultural surplus disposal).Memorandum,CK3100355026,DDRS.
[1]Foreign Aid Program,How American Agriculture Can Make Its Maximum Contribution to the Foreign Aid Program(suggestions re use of US agricultural commodities and technology;P.L.480 and agricultural surplus disposal).Memorandum,CK3100355038,DDRS.
[1][美]小阿瑟·施莱辛格著,仲宜译.一千天:约翰·菲·肯尼迪在白宫[M].北京:生活·读者·新知三联书店,1981.484.
[1]PL-480 program possibilities outlined,CK3100289979,DDRS.
[1]Johnson Administrative History of the Dept.of State,Vol.Ⅰ:Food Aid Abroad and Public Law 480.CK3100203922,DDRS.
[1]Johnson Administrative History of the Dept.of State,Vol.Ⅰ:Food Aid Abroad and Public Law 480.CK3100203925,DBRS.
[2]Memorandum.CK3100174227,DDRS.
[3]Memorandum,CK3100358934,DDRS.
[4]Memorandum to President Lyndon B.Johnson,CK3100484008,DDRS.
[5]John A.Schnittker and Willian S.Gaud's memo to the President on possibilities for additional programming of agricultural commodities under PL 480.Memo.CK3100038228,DDRS.
[1]Memorandum to President Lyndon B.Johnson,CK3100484008
[2]Memorandum for President Lyndon B.Johnson from Bureau of the Budget Director Charles J.Zwick regarding authorization to negotiate a $16.2 million P.L.480 agreement with Morocco for 100,000tons of wheat and 40,000 tons of soybean oil.Memo,CK3100148477,DDRS.
[3]Draft memo,3/28/65,on PL-480 Title I agreement with India.,CK3100046443、CK3100046444,DDRS.
[1](India.Discussion of negotiations for a new P.L.480,Title I,agreement with India.) Memorandum,David E.Bell,Administrator,to the President,CK3100358915——CK3100358916,DDRS.
[2]John A.Schnittker and WilliamS.Gaud's memo to the President on possibilities for additional programming of agricultural commodities under PL 480.Memo.CK3100038228,DDRS.
[3]Memorandum to President Lyndon B.Johnson,CK3100133955,DDRS.
[1]William S.Gaud's memorandum for President Johnson pertaining to authorization for fiscal year 1968 supporting assistance and the PL-480 program for South Korea.Memo,CK3100132311——CK3100132313,DDRS.
[2]PL-480 program possibilities outlined,CK3100289978,DDRS.
[1][美]丹·摩根著,张存节译.粮食巨人——国际粮食贸易[M].北京:农业出版社,1983.191.
[1][美]罗伯特·沃尔特斯著,陈源、范坝译.美苏援助对比分析[M].北京:商务印书馆,1974.73.
[2][瑞典]冈纳·缪尔达尔著,顾朝阳等译.世界贫困的挑战——世界反贫困大纲[M].北京:北京经济学院出版社,1991.301.
[1]Purposes,objectives and benefits derived from U.S.foreign assistance programs,CK3100319759,DDRS.
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[4] Declassified Documents References System(DDRS). Farmington Hills, Mich. : Gale Group, 2007. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/DDRS
——,1953-1961,PL480,CK3100196878—CK3100196879、CK3100460688—CK3100460691、CK3100352300、CK3100171206、CK3100187297、CK3100352299CK3100352322、CK3100461943、CK3100171158—CK3100171161、CK3100185268、CK3100455965、CK3100203905
——,1953-1961,Economic Diplomacy and Foreign Aid,CK3100171190—CK3100171204、CK3100172248—CK3100172251、CK3100232013—CK3100232019、CK3100455651—CK3100455653、CK3100177664、CK3100309762、CK3100168354、CK3100450922
——,1961-1963,PL480,CK3100203919—CK3100203925、CK3100355026—CK3100355038、CK3100289979、CK3100174227、CK3100358934、
——,1963-1969,Foreign Aid,CK3100058445——CK3100058449、CK3100319710——CK3100319716、CK3100279502、CK3100328290、CK3100279508——CK3100279509、CK3100010969、CK3100037929
——,1963-1969,PL480,CK3100038227—CK3100038228、CK3100484008、CK3100148477、CK3100148473、CK3100148475、CK3100133955、CK3100180850、CK3100132311—CK3100132313、CK3100145443—CK3100145444、CK3100094354、CK3100289978、CK3100203918、CK3100319759
[5]American Foreign Policy:Current Documents,1961.
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