油藏开发储层随机建模技术研究
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摘要
截止到2007年12月底,胜利油区综合含水90.3%,采出程度28.6%,剩余可采储量的采油速度10.1%,总体上已全面进入“三高”开发生产阶段,挖潜难度越来越大,储层平面上大面积水淹,剩余油分布异常复杂,其开发对象已由早期的油层组到中期的小层乃至如今的单层、单砂体,原有简单的划分亚相带以及河道与非河道沉积的地质模型已难以适应开发的需要,迫切需要建立更为精确的地质模型,以满足进行精细油藏数值模拟研究及剩余油挖潜的需要。
通过国内外关于储层随机建模技术及软件研制现状的调研,以三维地质构造建模及储层随机建模研究为基础,采用计算机、地层断裂处理、地质统计学、插值算法、网格粗化、OpenGL集成、模型筛选与验证、油藏数值模拟等多学科的理论和方法技术手段,综合利用油藏地质、地震解释、钻井、测井二次解释、小层对比及生产动态等多种信息资料,在对不同随机模拟方法进行技术分析及适应性评价研究的基础上,完善相控随机地质建模的程序步骤;吸收目前国内外流行地质建模软件长处,研制出一套小型油藏三维地质随机建模原型试验软件(SLDZSM)。
该软件具有图形剖分、插值及三维可视化显示等功能,可以在任意复杂断层条件下,实现油藏开发三维地质随机建模,并能将结果输出到油藏数值模拟模型。该软件创造性地提出用相交环线概念来处理地层撕裂;用桥边及地层面区域子分的概念来处理带有逆断层的地层撕裂;用功能类机制及相应的消息分发模型,来解决基于状态机模型的应用问题等理论,为储层随机建模研究提供了新思路和新方法,进一步丰富、完善了储层随机建模的理论体系,对深化油田开发地质随机建模理论及加大剩余油挖潜力度具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
应用SLDZSM软件对胜利孤岛油田中二中常规水驱转热采试验井区进行了储层随机建模研究。建立的模型除了与井点数据完全吻合外,层位构造模拟结果与地震解释的构造趋势基本一致、沉积相分布形态符合地质上的认识。模型剖面图中,出现的河流相砂体顶平底凸的沉积特点以及河道下切、砂岩透镜体等典型的河流相沉积现象完全符合实际地质情况。通过11口抽稀井检验,模型预测的构造、砂厚等参数与实际情况相比,符合率在90%以上;试验区的渗透率变化与水淹状况也具有较好的一致性;储量、区块及单井累积产油量、含水等参数计算的相对误差均小于2.0%,拟合精度高。结果证明该随机建模软件具有较高的精确度,可以有力地指导现场生产和剩余油挖潜。
By the end of Dec, 2007, ShengLi Oil field has the synthesis water cut of 90.3%, degree of reserve recovery of 28.6%, and oil production rate of remain recoverable reserves of 10.1%, which has completely accessed producing period of“three high”. It is more difficult to promote the potential capacity. The reservoir is badly flooded in plane direction, and the distribution of remaining oil is particularly complicated. The exploitation objects have already been changed from early oil layer groups to individual bed and sand body. The former geological model with intrafacies, channel deposit and nonchannel deposit can not adapt to the requirement of development. More accurate geological model is in great need to be established for requirement of fine reservoir numerical simulation and remaining oil research.
By means of survey of reservoir stochastic modeling technology and development situation of the corresponding software, on the base of the research of three-dimensional geologic structure modeling and reservoir stochastic modeling, multidisciplinary theory and methods have been used, such as computer science, stratum rupture processing method, geostatistics, interpolation algorithm, grid scaling up technology, OpenGL integration, select and certification of model, numerical reservoir simulation. Many kinds of information datum about reservoir geology, earthquake interpretation, well drilling, well log interpretation, sublayer comparison and production datum have been used comprehensively. Process of stochastic geological modeling with facies control has been improved basing on technology analysis of different stochastic simulation methods and evaluation of their adaptation. And small test software (SLDZSM) for reservoir 3D geology stochastic modeling has been developed by absorbing virtues of popular geology modeling software.
The software function includes figure subdivision, interpolation and 3D visualization and so on. It can realize three dimensional geology modeling with any complicated faults conditions during reservoir development, and put the results to numerical reservoir simulation model. Besides, a method has been creatively proposed to process stratum rupture using cross-ring. Bridge-edge and stratum area decompounding method has been used to solve reverse fault issue, and the applying problem basing on state machine model has been resolved by using a function class mechanism. It supplies a new idea and new method for reservoir stochastic modeling. At the same time, the geology stochastic modeling theory system has been enriched and improved. It has important academic and practical meaning in deepening reservoir development geology stochastic modeling theory and increasing remaining oil research extent.
SLDZSM software has been used to research reservoir stochastic modeling in pilot site which locates on Shengli Gudao oil field middle area of middle II production area. The production mode of the pilot site would be changed form water flooding to thermal recovery. The model not only coincides with well point data completely, but also has stratum structure simulation results which essentially accords with earthquake interpretation structure, and its sedimentary facie distribution form agrees with geology knowledge. In model section, the tip of sand body of channel facies is planar and its bottom is raised。The river channel slices downwards, and there is lenticular sand body. These typical river facies sedimentary characters completely accord with real geology situations. According to verifying 11 vacuating wells parameters such as structure and sand body thickness that have been predicted by model, it shows high coincidence rate of more than 90% to real datum. Moreover, the permeability variation in pilot site accords with water flooding situation. The computed parameters such as reserves, cumulative oil production of single well and area, water cut have small relative error of less than 2%, the matching accuracy degree is high. All the results demonstrate the stochastic modeling software has high accuracy degree and can offer a good guidance field production and remaining oil research.
通过国内外关于储层随机建模技术及软件研制现状的调研,以三维地质构造建模及储层随机建模研究为基础,采用计算机、地层断裂处理、地质统计学、插值算法、网格粗化、OpenGL集成、模型筛选与验证、油藏数值模拟等多学科的理论和方法技术手段,综合利用油藏地质、地震解释、钻井、测井二次解释、小层对比及生产动态等多种信息资料,在对不同随机模拟方法进行技术分析及适应性评价研究的基础上,完善相控随机地质建模的程序步骤;吸收目前国内外流行地质建模软件长处,研制出一套小型油藏三维地质随机建模原型试验软件(SLDZSM)。
该软件具有图形剖分、插值及三维可视化显示等功能,可以在任意复杂断层条件下,实现油藏开发三维地质随机建模,并能将结果输出到油藏数值模拟模型。该软件创造性地提出用相交环线概念来处理地层撕裂;用桥边及地层面区域子分的概念来处理带有逆断层的地层撕裂;用功能类机制及相应的消息分发模型,来解决基于状态机模型的应用问题等理论,为储层随机建模研究提供了新思路和新方法,进一步丰富、完善了储层随机建模的理论体系,对深化油田开发地质随机建模理论及加大剩余油挖潜力度具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
应用SLDZSM软件对胜利孤岛油田中二中常规水驱转热采试验井区进行了储层随机建模研究。建立的模型除了与井点数据完全吻合外,层位构造模拟结果与地震解释的构造趋势基本一致、沉积相分布形态符合地质上的认识。模型剖面图中,出现的河流相砂体顶平底凸的沉积特点以及河道下切、砂岩透镜体等典型的河流相沉积现象完全符合实际地质情况。通过11口抽稀井检验,模型预测的构造、砂厚等参数与实际情况相比,符合率在90%以上;试验区的渗透率变化与水淹状况也具有较好的一致性;储量、区块及单井累积产油量、含水等参数计算的相对误差均小于2.0%,拟合精度高。结果证明该随机建模软件具有较高的精确度,可以有力地指导现场生产和剩余油挖潜。
By the end of Dec, 2007, ShengLi Oil field has the synthesis water cut of 90.3%, degree of reserve recovery of 28.6%, and oil production rate of remain recoverable reserves of 10.1%, which has completely accessed producing period of“three high”. It is more difficult to promote the potential capacity. The reservoir is badly flooded in plane direction, and the distribution of remaining oil is particularly complicated. The exploitation objects have already been changed from early oil layer groups to individual bed and sand body. The former geological model with intrafacies, channel deposit and nonchannel deposit can not adapt to the requirement of development. More accurate geological model is in great need to be established for requirement of fine reservoir numerical simulation and remaining oil research.
By means of survey of reservoir stochastic modeling technology and development situation of the corresponding software, on the base of the research of three-dimensional geologic structure modeling and reservoir stochastic modeling, multidisciplinary theory and methods have been used, such as computer science, stratum rupture processing method, geostatistics, interpolation algorithm, grid scaling up technology, OpenGL integration, select and certification of model, numerical reservoir simulation. Many kinds of information datum about reservoir geology, earthquake interpretation, well drilling, well log interpretation, sublayer comparison and production datum have been used comprehensively. Process of stochastic geological modeling with facies control has been improved basing on technology analysis of different stochastic simulation methods and evaluation of their adaptation. And small test software (SLDZSM) for reservoir 3D geology stochastic modeling has been developed by absorbing virtues of popular geology modeling software.
The software function includes figure subdivision, interpolation and 3D visualization and so on. It can realize three dimensional geology modeling with any complicated faults conditions during reservoir development, and put the results to numerical reservoir simulation model. Besides, a method has been creatively proposed to process stratum rupture using cross-ring. Bridge-edge and stratum area decompounding method has been used to solve reverse fault issue, and the applying problem basing on state machine model has been resolved by using a function class mechanism. It supplies a new idea and new method for reservoir stochastic modeling. At the same time, the geology stochastic modeling theory system has been enriched and improved. It has important academic and practical meaning in deepening reservoir development geology stochastic modeling theory and increasing remaining oil research extent.
SLDZSM software has been used to research reservoir stochastic modeling in pilot site which locates on Shengli Gudao oil field middle area of middle II production area. The production mode of the pilot site would be changed form water flooding to thermal recovery. The model not only coincides with well point data completely, but also has stratum structure simulation results which essentially accords with earthquake interpretation structure, and its sedimentary facie distribution form agrees with geology knowledge. In model section, the tip of sand body of channel facies is planar and its bottom is raised。The river channel slices downwards, and there is lenticular sand body. These typical river facies sedimentary characters completely accord with real geology situations. According to verifying 11 vacuating wells parameters such as structure and sand body thickness that have been predicted by model, it shows high coincidence rate of more than 90% to real datum. Moreover, the permeability variation in pilot site accords with water flooding situation. The computed parameters such as reserves, cumulative oil production of single well and area, water cut have small relative error of less than 2%, the matching accuracy degree is high. All the results demonstrate the stochastic modeling software has high accuracy degree and can offer a good guidance field production and remaining oil research.
引文
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