专利文献计量分析与专利发展模式研究
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摘要
在美国、日本等发达国家,通过对专利文献进行计量分析,指导国家和企业专利发展的这种实践已经有50多年的历史。中国自1985年起开始正式实施专利法,理论界、企业管理者、国家专利战略制定者运用专利计量结果思考专利发展模式的问题,至今仍处于初期阶段。在党中央大力倡导自主创新与建设创新型国家的今天,迫切需要加强基于专利计量的专利发展模式理论与实践的研究。基于此,本文主要运用专利计量的理论与方法,以世界数字信息传输技术领域(DIT)为对象,在进行一系列专利计量分析的基础上,提出中国数字信息传输技术领域专利发展模式的选择,与专利发展模式实施的对策建议。
利用专利的国家(地区)分布计量方法,对世界数字信息传输领域专利国家(地区)分布的计量结果显示,1980-2006年27年间,世界数字信息传输专利中心发生了由欧盟—日本—欧盟—美国的转移。进一步分析确证,欧盟、日本和美国不同的专利发展模式是导致产生这种结果的主要原因。
利用专利的高产机构及其国家集聚度计量方法,对机构专利计量分析的结果显示,最高产机构在27年间经历了从西门子公司—富士通公司—NEC公司—LG公司—松下电器产业株式会社—三星电子公司的演变过程;高产专利申请人及其集聚的国家数量呈现出递增趋势;该领域学术机构的专利申请则主要集中在中国、美国、欧盟、韩国等国家(地区)。核心专利的高产机构经历了由日本和美国平分天下到主要集中在美国的转变。日本高产公司集聚的专利发展模式与美国公司的核心技术的专利发展模式,对世界数字信息传输专利中心的转移产生了重要影响。
利用专利发明者的合作计量方法,对发明者合作情况进行计量分析的结果显示,发明者的专利产出与发明者合作网络中心性、密度等特征具有明显的正相关关系;外国公司的合作率与合作强度要明显高于中国公司。美国公司高强度专利合作战略对世界数字信息传输专利中心的转移具有重要影响。
中国的专利事业已经具备良好的发展基础,借鉴美国和韩国的经验,今后在数字信息传输领域应确立“基础研究-知识产权保护-三螺旋网络建设”的专利发展模式,即强化相关领域的基础研究,加大知识产权保护力度,高度重视大学·产业·政府三螺旋创新网络的建设,正确定位政府在专利发展中的职能和作用,发挥企业在专利发展中的主体作用,提高大学专利成果的转化率。
It is a more than 50 years that the theory and practice of constituting the model of patent development based on patentometric have been developed in some developed countries like United States and Japan. It needs a long process to develop the theory and practice of patentometric in China compared with that of abroad. Chinese patent law has been implemented since 1985, and the cognition of the function & value of patent law and patentometric waits to be improved higher by the thinkers, company managers, and policy-makers of Chinese government, and the practice of patentometric activities and constituting the model of patent development is still in initial stages. For Chinese government encouraging self-innovation and building innovative country vigorously, it should be enhanced to investigate the issue of establishing the model of patent development based on patentometric. Based on this, this paper brings forward the model of Chinese patent development by using the theory and methodology of patentometric based on a series of patentometric analysis, taking technology of digital information transmission (DIT) for example, and puts forward some suggestions of choosing the model of Chinese patent development and countermeasures in the domain of DIT.
The paper uses patentometric methodology of country (territory) distribution of patent applications in DIT, and the results of patentometric of DIT shows that the patent centre has transferred from EU-Japan-EU-US during 1980-2006. The further analysis confirms that the main reason is the different models of patent development in EU, Japan, and US.
The paper uses patentometric methodology of prolific institutions distribution of patent applications in DIT, and the patentometric results of institution distribution shows that the most prolific institution has transferred from Siemens AG- Fujitsu LTD-NEC CORP-LG Electronics INC- Matsushita Denki Sangyo KK- Samsung Electronics CO LTD; the prolific patent applicants and the countries where they gathered appear to be increasing; while the patent applications by academic institutions are mainly gathered in China, US, EU and Korea; and the productivity institutions of core patents have experienced from the stage of Japan and US go halves to the stage of US dominants. The model of patent development of productive institutions centralized in Japan, and the patent development of core patent in US, has affect the transfer of patent centre globally in DIT.
The paper uses patentometric methodology of inventors collaboration of patent applications in DIT and the results shows that, the inventors' output has positively proportion compared with the centrality degree and density of collaborative network. The collaborative ratio and collaborative strength of foreign corporations are higher than that of Chinese. The high strength of patent collaboration in the corporations of US has significant impact on patent centre transferring.
There's a good basic in terms of Chinese patent development. According to the experience of USA and Korea, and China should establish a kind of patent development model as "basic research-IPR protection-triple helix network construction". It means that basic research related should be strengthened, IPR protection should be enhanced, and the innovation network of university-industry-government should be highly emphasized. Government should go to its place according to its function and effect, and enterprise should exert its main body function of patent development, and patents in universities should be transferred highly.
利用专利的国家(地区)分布计量方法,对世界数字信息传输领域专利国家(地区)分布的计量结果显示,1980-2006年27年间,世界数字信息传输专利中心发生了由欧盟—日本—欧盟—美国的转移。进一步分析确证,欧盟、日本和美国不同的专利发展模式是导致产生这种结果的主要原因。
利用专利的高产机构及其国家集聚度计量方法,对机构专利计量分析的结果显示,最高产机构在27年间经历了从西门子公司—富士通公司—NEC公司—LG公司—松下电器产业株式会社—三星电子公司的演变过程;高产专利申请人及其集聚的国家数量呈现出递增趋势;该领域学术机构的专利申请则主要集中在中国、美国、欧盟、韩国等国家(地区)。核心专利的高产机构经历了由日本和美国平分天下到主要集中在美国的转变。日本高产公司集聚的专利发展模式与美国公司的核心技术的专利发展模式,对世界数字信息传输专利中心的转移产生了重要影响。
利用专利发明者的合作计量方法,对发明者合作情况进行计量分析的结果显示,发明者的专利产出与发明者合作网络中心性、密度等特征具有明显的正相关关系;外国公司的合作率与合作强度要明显高于中国公司。美国公司高强度专利合作战略对世界数字信息传输专利中心的转移具有重要影响。
中国的专利事业已经具备良好的发展基础,借鉴美国和韩国的经验,今后在数字信息传输领域应确立“基础研究-知识产权保护-三螺旋网络建设”的专利发展模式,即强化相关领域的基础研究,加大知识产权保护力度,高度重视大学·产业·政府三螺旋创新网络的建设,正确定位政府在专利发展中的职能和作用,发挥企业在专利发展中的主体作用,提高大学专利成果的转化率。
It is a more than 50 years that the theory and practice of constituting the model of patent development based on patentometric have been developed in some developed countries like United States and Japan. It needs a long process to develop the theory and practice of patentometric in China compared with that of abroad. Chinese patent law has been implemented since 1985, and the cognition of the function & value of patent law and patentometric waits to be improved higher by the thinkers, company managers, and policy-makers of Chinese government, and the practice of patentometric activities and constituting the model of patent development is still in initial stages. For Chinese government encouraging self-innovation and building innovative country vigorously, it should be enhanced to investigate the issue of establishing the model of patent development based on patentometric. Based on this, this paper brings forward the model of Chinese patent development by using the theory and methodology of patentometric based on a series of patentometric analysis, taking technology of digital information transmission (DIT) for example, and puts forward some suggestions of choosing the model of Chinese patent development and countermeasures in the domain of DIT.
The paper uses patentometric methodology of country (territory) distribution of patent applications in DIT, and the results of patentometric of DIT shows that the patent centre has transferred from EU-Japan-EU-US during 1980-2006. The further analysis confirms that the main reason is the different models of patent development in EU, Japan, and US.
The paper uses patentometric methodology of prolific institutions distribution of patent applications in DIT, and the patentometric results of institution distribution shows that the most prolific institution has transferred from Siemens AG- Fujitsu LTD-NEC CORP-LG Electronics INC- Matsushita Denki Sangyo KK- Samsung Electronics CO LTD; the prolific patent applicants and the countries where they gathered appear to be increasing; while the patent applications by academic institutions are mainly gathered in China, US, EU and Korea; and the productivity institutions of core patents have experienced from the stage of Japan and US go halves to the stage of US dominants. The model of patent development of productive institutions centralized in Japan, and the patent development of core patent in US, has affect the transfer of patent centre globally in DIT.
The paper uses patentometric methodology of inventors collaboration of patent applications in DIT and the results shows that, the inventors' output has positively proportion compared with the centrality degree and density of collaborative network. The collaborative ratio and collaborative strength of foreign corporations are higher than that of Chinese. The high strength of patent collaboration in the corporations of US has significant impact on patent centre transferring.
There's a good basic in terms of Chinese patent development. According to the experience of USA and Korea, and China should establish a kind of patent development model as "basic research-IPR protection-triple helix network construction". It means that basic research related should be strengthened, IPR protection should be enhanced, and the innovation network of university-industry-government should be highly emphasized. Government should go to its place according to its function and effect, and enterprise should exert its main body function of patent development, and patents in universities should be transferred highly.
引文
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